Engineering Thermodynamics

Unit II

Notes 17

Constant volume gas thermometer:-

It consists of two vertical grass tubes connected By a flexible tube. one end of the glass tube is exposed to atmosphere
and the other end is in Communication with the gas bulb to a capillary tube, The gas bulb is filled with any gas like
oxygen, nitro zed, hydrogen and the nanometer is filled with mercury.
Let P0 is the atmospheric pressure p the density of nanometric liquid H is the a differential head Whenever the
gas bulb is exposed to any temperature T (which is unknown) then the pressure D is equals to atmospheric pressure +
pressure due to differential head.
P = P0 + pgh
Now expose the gas bulb to the t ripple point temperature (273.16k) At this instaent the pressure acting on the
gas
PTRP=P0 +Rgh
We know that T oe P
T=CP
T/P=constant
Ttrip / Ptrip = constant
T / P = Ttriple / Ptriple
T = P / Pptriple X Ttriple
If the a constant volume gas thermometer is operated with different gasses inside the gas bulb at different
instances the variation in temperature w.r to pressure is shown in fig

GMRIT, Rajam.

P. Sai Chaitanya

Engineering Thermodynamics

Unit II

Notes 17

If these threads are extrapolated onto the negative X-axis all the lines are intersect with a common point. Which
indicates the temperature -273.100C i.e. it is the minimum temperature which we can measure using a constant volume
gas thermometer.

Joules experiment:Consider certain mass of water inside and adiabatic

vessel. Which is provided with a pedal wheel and a
thermometer.
Let the initial temperature of water is T1 by
operating the pedal wheel we can stir the water for a period
of time we can find an observable rising temperature (with
the collision of water molecules). Let dw is a elemental
work supply to the system to stir the water.. The
temperature of the water will raise let this is process 1 to 2
If the system is exposed to the atmosphere by removing the
cap, over a finite period of time the system attains thermal
equilibrium condition with the surroundings. Let this is
process 2 to 1 and attains the initial state. During this
process certain quantity of the heat is being rejected to the
atmosphere. The process (1) to (2) and (2) to (1) combindly
executes the cycle. Joule connected thousands of
experiments and the observed that dW oe dQ
dW = J dQ
Where J is the joules constant (or) mechanical
equivalent of the work.

GMRIT, Rajam.

P. Sai Chaitanya

Engineering Thermodynamics

GMRIT, Rajam.

Unit II

Notes 17

P. Sai Chaitanya