Standard algebraic expressionsEdit

sinh, cosh and tanh

csch, sech and coth

(a) cosh(x) is the average of exand ex

(b) sinh(x) is half the difference of exand ex

The hyperbolic functions are:

Hyperbolic sine:

Hyperbolic cosine:

Hyperbolic tangent:

Hyperbolic cotangent:

Hyperbolic secant:

Hyperbolic cosecant:

Hyperbolic functions can be introduced via imaginary circular

angles:

Hyperbolic sine:

Hyperbolic cosine:

Hyperbolic tangent:

Hyperbolic cotangent:

Hyperbolic secant:

Hyperbolic cosecant:

where i is the imaginary unit with the property that i2 = 1.

The complex forms in the definitions above derive from Euler's

formula.

Useful relationsEdit
Odd and even functions:

Hence:

It can be seen that cosh x and sech x are even functions; the others
are odd functions.

Hyperbolic sine and cosine satisfy the identity

which is similar to the Pythagorean trigonometric identity. One also

has