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In Situ Window Cleaning by Laser Blowoff Through Optical Fiber
In Situ Window Cleaning by Laser Blowoff Through Optical Fiber
In Situ Window Cleaning by Laser Blowoff Through Optical Fiber
2008"
Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA Association, C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
Department of Electrical Engineering, Padova University, Via Gradenigo 6/A, 35131 Padova, Italy
3
Istituto per lEnergetica e le Interfasi, CNR, C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
2
INTRODUCTION
0034-6748/2008/79!10"/10F338/4/$23.00
79, 10F338-1
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10F338-2
Alfier et al.
100
a)
40
Clean window
Transmission (%)
Transmission (%)
80
60
40
Dirty window
20
600
800
1000
1200
Wavelength (nm)
1400
b)
30
20
10
0
6
Lo 4
ca
tio 2
no 0
nw 2
ind
ow 4 6
(cm
)
1000
800
)
m
(n
ngth
vele
600
Wa
FIG. 1. !Color online" !a" Transmission of the window before and after plasma exposure !i.e., respectively, without and with impurity layer". Note the effect
of the dichroic coating cutting off the short wavelength range. !b" Transmission of the dirty window measured along the minor axis.
MgF coating
10
B+
10
Intensity (a.u.)
C+
10
Mg+
Cr+
10
Zr+
10
Ni+
10
F+
100
200
300
400
Depth (nm)
500
600
700
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10F338-3
% !nm"
E / pulse available
Pulse duration !FWHM"!ns"
Pulse repetition rate
Beam divergence !mrad"
Microjoule
Nd:YAG
Nd:YLF
oscillator
Ruby
oscillator
1064
8 &J
$1
8 kHz
30
1053
200 mJ
15
1 Hz
0.5
694
40 mJ
50
0.1 Hz
0.4
Blowoff tests
A. Direct on the window
110
100
Ruby
90
Nd:YLF
80
70
60
Nd:YAG
50
600
700
800
900
Wavelength (nm)
1000
1100
FIG. 3. !Color online" !a" Recovered transmission measured on the window cleaned with each of the three lasers: Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, and ruby. !b" Effect of
ablation of a single ruby oscillator pulse on a dirty window.
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10F338-4
Alfier et al.
We have demonstrated the feasibility of a window cleaning system based on the laser blowoff technique, adopting
the available ruby laser oscillator employed for the edge TS
system of RFX-mod. The laser radiation can be easily transferred through optical fibers directly to the window surface,
with enough input energy and reasonable spot size. The main
limitation is represented by the low repetition rate of the
laser, 0.1 Hz: cleaning the entire window surface of about
8500 mm2 would require #15 h. Two parallel improvements
will be considered to overcome this issue. The first consists
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