Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Glo Me Rulo Nephritis

    Uploaded by

    Meighalah Arumugam
    16 views10 pages
    The document discusses glomerulonephritis, an inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys. It describes the anatomy of the kidneys and classification of glomerulonephritis as either primary or secondary. Primary types include minimal change nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, and IgA nephropathy. Secondary types are post-streptococcal and lupus nephritis. Pathogenesis involves focal, diffuse, segmental, or proliferative lesions and membrane alterations or crescent formation. Clinical presentations are nephrotic or nephritic syndrome. Investigations include blood and urine tests, imaging, and kidney biopsy.

    Original Description:

    thing about glomerulonephritis

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    The document discusses glomerulonephritis, an inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys. It describes the anatomy of the kidneys and classification of glomerulonephritis as either primary or secondary. Primary types include minimal change nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, and IgA nephropathy. Secondary types are post-streptococcal and lupus nephritis. Pathogenesis involves focal, diffuse, segmental, or proliferative lesions and membrane alterations or crescent formation. Clinical presentations are nephrotic or nephritic syndrome. Investigations include blood and urine tests, imaging, and kidney biopsy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views10 pages

    Glo Me Rulo Nephritis

    Uploaded by

    Meighalah Arumugam
    The document discusses glomerulonephritis, an inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys. It describes the anatomy of the kidneys and classification of glomerulonephritis as either primary or secondary. Primary types include minimal change nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, and IgA nephropathy. Secondary types are post-streptococcal and lupus nephritis. Pathogenesis involves focal, diffuse, segmental, or proliferative lesions and membrane alterations or crescent formation. Clinical presentations are nephrotic or nephritic syndrome. Investigations include blood and urine tests, imaging, and kidney biopsy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    Glomerulonephritis

    Naadhiya
    Shaun

    Anatomy
    11-14 cm in length
    5-6 cm in width
    Retroperitoneal at the
    level of T12 to L3
    Functional unit:
    nephron

    Classification
    Primary:
    Minimal change nephropathy - early childhood (1-6 years)
    Focal segmental glomerulo sclerosis
    Membranous nephropathy
    Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
    Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
    IgA nephropathy
    Secondary:
    Post-streptococcal
    glomerulonephritis
    Lupus glomerulonephritis

    Pathogenesis

    Focal: some but not all the glomeruli contain the lesion.
    Diffuse: most of the glomeruli (>75%) contain the lesion.
    Segmental: only a part of the glomerulus is affected.
    Proliferative: an increase in cell numbers due to
    hyperplasia of one or more of the resident glomerular
    cells with or without inflammation.
    Membrane alterations: capillary wall thickening (immune
    deposits) or alterations in basement membrane.
    Crescent formation: epithelial cell proliferation with
    mononuclear cell infiltration in Bowmans space.

    Pathogenesis
    Immunologically mediated disorder involving:
    Cellular immunity (T lymphocytes,
    macrophages/dendritic cells)
    Humoral immunity (antibodies, immune
    complexes, complement)
    Inflammatory mediators (cytokines, chemokines,
    coagulation cascade)
    Primary: HLA genes
    Secondary: drugs, chemicals or infectious agents

    Clinical presentation
    Nephrotic syndrome
    - Massive proteinuria
    - Hypoalbunemia
    - Generalised edema
    - Hyperlipidemia,
    lipiduria

    Nephritic syndrome
    - hematuria
    - oliguria & azotemia
    - hypertension
    - mild proteinuria &
    edema

    Others:
    1. Shortness of breath on exertion
    2. Flank pain
    3. Headache
    4. Fatigue, Loss of apetite

    Investigations
    Sample
    Blood

    Urine

    Test
    Full Blood Count
    Urea and electrolyte
    Liver Function test
    ASO titre
    Immunoglobulins
    ANCA (Anti-neutrophil
    cytoplasmic antibody)
    Creatinine
    Urinalysis
    Urine Full Examination &
    Mircoscopic Examination
    (UFEME)

    Imaging
    Kidney X-ray
    Ultrasound
    CT scan

    Biopsy
    Percutaneous Ultrasound-guided kidney biopsy
    Percutaneous CT-guided kidney biopsy
    Surgical biopsy

    Types of glomerulonephritis
    A. Minimal-change nephropathy
    B. Focal segmental glomerulonephritis
    C. Membranous nephropathy
    D. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
    E. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy
    F. Lupus glomerulonephritis
    G. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
    H. Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

    You might also like