Linear and Quadratic Equations in One Variable

Mathematics 17
Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines-Diliman

Lecture 7

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Outline

Equations in One Variable

1

Introduction: Equations as Statements

Solving Linear and Quadratic Equations in One Variable

Linear Equations
Quadratic Equations
Verbal Problems

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Equations as Statements

Definition
An equation is a statement saying that two expressions are equal.

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Equations as Statements

Definition
An equation is a statement saying that two expressions are equal.
Examples:
1. 2x + 1 = x 7
2
1
=
2.
2z
4 2z

2
1
3.
=
y+1
y

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Equations as Statements

Definition
If an equation holds true for every permissible value (in R), then the
equation is called an identity.

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Equations as Statements

Definition
If an equation holds true for every permissible value (in R), then the
equation is called an identity.
Example:

1
2
=
is true for any z 6= 2.
2z
4 2z

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Equations as Statements

Definition
If an equation holds true for every permissible value (in R), then the
equation is called an identity.
Example:

1
2
=
is true for any z 6= 2.
2z
4 2z

Definition
If an equation is never true for any permissible value (in R), then the
equation is called a contradiction.

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Equations as Statements

Definition
If an equation holds true for every permissible value (in R), then the
equation is called an identity.
Example:

1
2
=
is true for any z 6= 2.
2z
4 2z

Definition
If an equation is never true for any permissible value (in R), then the
equation is called a contradiction.
Example: 1 2x = 3 2x is never true for any value of x R.

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Equations as Statements

Definition
If an equation holds true for some value(s), then the equation is a
conditional equation.

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Equations as Statements

Definition
If an equation holds true for some value(s), then the equation is a
conditional equation.
Examples:
1

2x + 1 = x 7 holds if x = 8

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Equations as Statements

Definition
If an equation holds true for some value(s), then the equation is a
conditional equation.
Examples:
1

2x + 1 = x 7 holds if x = 8

x2 3x 4 = 0 is true if x = 1 or x = 4

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Solution Set of an Equation

Definition
1 A solution (or root) of an equation is a value of the variable that
makes the equation true.
2 The solution set of an equation is the set of all solutions of the
equation.
Unless specified, the solution sets that we consider are subsets of R.

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Solution Set of an Equation

Definition
1 A solution (or root) of an equation is a value of the variable that
makes the equation true.
2 The solution set of an equation is the set of all solutions of the
equation.
Unless specified, the solution sets that we consider are subsets of R.

GOAL:
To find the solution set of a given equation

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Linear Equations in x

Definition
Linear equations are equations which upon algebraic manipulation involves
only polynomials with degree 1.
Example: x 5 = 2x + 7

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Solving Linear Equations in x

Processes in solving equations:
1

Transposing terms (Additive Property of Equality)

Simplifying terms

Multiplying/dividing both sides of the equation by a nonzero real

number (Multiplicative Property of Equality)

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Solving Linear Equations in x

Processes in solving equations:
1

Transposing terms (Additive Property of Equality)

Simplifying terms

Multiplying/dividing both sides of the equation by a nonzero real

number (Multiplicative Property of Equality)

Any linear equation in x can be written, using the processes above, in the
form
ax + b = 0,
where a, b R and a 6= 0.

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Solving Linear Equations in x

Processes in solving equations:
1

Transposing terms (Additive Property of Equality)

Simplifying terms

Multiplying/dividing both sides of the equation by a nonzero real

number (Multiplicative Property of Equality)

Any linear equation in x can be written, using the processes above, in the
form
ax + b = 0,
where a, b R and a 6= 0.

Its solution set is

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b
.
a
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Solving Linear Equations in x

Example: Solve for the value of x in 5x 5 = 2x + 7.

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Solving Linear Equations in x

Example: Solve for the value of x in 5x 5 = 2x + 7.

Solution:
5x 5

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2x + 7

Equations

(Given)

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Solving Linear Equations in x

Example: Solve for the value of x in 5x 5 = 2x + 7.

Solution:
5x 5
5x 5 2x 7

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=
=

2x + 7
0

Equations

(Given)
(Addition Property of Equality)

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Solving Linear Equations in x

Example: Solve for the value of x in 5x 5 = 2x + 7.

Solution:
5x 5
5x 5 2x 7
3x 12

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

=
=
=

2x + 7
0
0

Equations

(Given)
(Addition Property of Equality)

(Simplification)

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Solving Linear Equations in x

Example: Solve for the value of x in 5x 5 = 2x + 7.

Solution:
5x 5
5x 5 2x 7
3x 12
x

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

=
=
=
=

2x + 7
0
0
12
3

Equations

(Given)
(Addition Property of Equality)

(Simplification)
(solution of ax + b = 0)

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Solving Linear Equations in x

Example: Solve for the value of x in 5x 5 = 2x + 7.

Solution:
5x 5
5x 5 2x 7
3x 12
x

=
=
=
=

2x + 7
0
0
12
3

(Given)
(Addition Property of Equality)

(Simplification)
(solution of ax + b = 0)

Checking: if x = 4, 5(4) 5 = 15 and 2(4) + 7 = 15.

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Solving Linear Equations in x

Example: Solve for the value of x in 5x 5 = 2x + 7.

Solution:
5x 5
5x 5 2x 7
3x 12
x

=
=
=
=

2x + 7
0
0
12
3

(Given)
(Addition Property of Equality)

(Simplification)
(solution of ax + b = 0)

Checking: if x = 4, 5(4) 5 = 15 and 2(4) + 7 = 15.

Solution set : {4}

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1
6x

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1
6x 3x2

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1
6x 3x2 + 7x + 3

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1
6x 3x2 + 7x + 3 5x

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1
6x 3x2 + 7x + 3 5x + 3x2

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1
6x 3x2 + 7x + 3 5x + 3x2 1

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1
6x 3x2 + 7x + 3 5x + 3x2 1 = 0

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1
6x 3x2 + 7x + 3 5x + 3x2 1 = 0
8x

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1
6x 3x2 + 7x + 3 5x + 3x2 1 = 0
8x + 2

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1
6x 3x2 + 7x + 3 5x + 3x2 1 = 0
8x + 2 = 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1
6x 3x2 + 7x + 3 5x + 3x2 1 = 0
8x + 2 = 0
8x

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1
6x 3x2 + 7x + 3 5x + 3x2 1 = 0
8x + 2 = 0
8x = 2

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1
6x 3x2 + 7x + 3 5x + 3x2 1 = 0
8x + 2 = 0
8x = 2
x=

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1
6x 3x2 + 7x + 3 5x + 3x2 1 = 0
8x + 2 = 0
8x = 2
x=

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2
8

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1
6x 3x2 + 7x + 3 5x + 3x2 1 = 0
8x + 2 = 0
8x = 2
x=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

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2
1
=
8
4

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Example: Solve for x in 3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1.

3x(2 x) + 7x + 3 = 5x 3x2 + 1
6x 3x2 + 7x + 3 5x + 3x2 1 = 0
8x + 2 = 0
8x = 2
x=

Solution set:

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2
1
=
8
4

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Quadratic Equations in x

Definition
A quadratic equation is an equation which upon algebraic manipulation
involves only polynomials of degree 2.
Example: x2 + 3x = 10

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Quadratic Equations in x

Definition
A quadratic equation is an equation which upon algebraic manipulation
involves only polynomials of degree 2.
Example: x2 + 3x = 10
Any quadratic equation in x can be written in the form
ax2 + bx + c = 0,
where a, b, c R and a 6= 0.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

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Quadratic Equations in x

Definition
A quadratic equation is an equation which upon algebraic manipulation
involves only polynomials of degree 2.
Example: x2 + 3x = 10 x2 + 3x 10 = 0
Any quadratic equation in x can be written in the form
ax2 + bx + c = 0,
where a, b, c R and a 6= 0.

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Recall:

If ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0.

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Recall:

If ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0.

Example: Solve for x in x2 + 3x = 10.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Recall:

If ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0.

Example: Solve for x in x2 + 3x = 10.

x2 + 3x 10 = 0

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Recall:

If ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0.

Example: Solve for x in x2 + 3x = 10.

x2 + 3x 10 = 0
(x + 5)(x 2) = 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Recall:

If ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0.

Example: Solve for x in x2 + 3x = 10.

x2 + 3x 10 = 0
(x + 5)(x 2) = 0
x+5=0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Recall:

If ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0.

Example: Solve for x in x2 + 3x = 10.

x2 + 3x 10 = 0
(x + 5)(x 2) = 0
x + 5 = 0 or x 2 = 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Recall:

If ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0.

Example: Solve for x in x2 + 3x = 10.

x2 + 3x 10 = 0
(x + 5)(x 2) = 0
x + 5 = 0 or x 2 = 0
x = 5

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Recall:

If ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0.

Example: Solve for x in x2 + 3x = 10.

x2 + 3x 10 = 0
(x + 5)(x 2) = 0
x + 5 = 0 or x 2 = 0
x = 5 or x = 2

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Recall:

If ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0.

Example: Solve for x in x2 + 3x = 10.

x2 + 3x 10 = 0
(x + 5)(x 2) = 0
x + 5 = 0 or x 2 = 0
x = 5 or x = 2
Checking:
If x = 5, (5)2 + 3(5) = 10.
If x = 2, (2)2 + 3(2) = 10.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Recall:

If ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0.

Example: Solve for x in x2 + 3x = 10.

x2 + 3x 10 = 0
(x + 5)(x 2) = 0
x + 5 = 0 or x 2 = 0
x = 5 or x = 2
Checking:
If x = 5, (5)2 + 3(5) = 10.
If x = 2, (2)2 + 3(2) = 10.
Solution set: {5, 2}
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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Example: Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Example: Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

6x2 11x 10 = 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Example: Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

6x2 11x 10 = 0
(3x + 2)(2x 5) = 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Example: Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

6x2 11x 10 = 0
(3x + 2)(2x 5) = 0
3x + 2 = 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Example: Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

6x2 11x 10 = 0
(3x + 2)(2x 5) = 0
3x + 2 = 0 or 2x 5 = 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Example: Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

6x2 11x 10 = 0
(3x + 2)(2x 5) = 0
3x + 2 = 0 or 2x 5 = 0
2
x=
3

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Example: Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

6x2 11x 10 = 0
(3x + 2)(2x 5) = 0
3x + 2 = 0 or 2x 5 = 0
2
5
x = or x =
3
2

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Example: Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

6x2 11x 10 = 0
(3x + 2)(2x 5) = 0
3x + 2 = 0 or 2x 5 = 0
2
5
x = or x =
3
2
Checking:
If x =
If x =

2
2 2
2
3 , 6( 3 ) + 11( 3 ) 10
5
5 2
5
2 , 6( 2 ) + 11( 2 ) 10 = 0.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

= 0.

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Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Factoring

Example: Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

6x2 11x 10 = 0
(3x + 2)(2x 5) = 0
3x + 2 = 0 or 2x 5 = 0
2
5
x = or x =
3
2
Checking:
If x =
If x =

2
2 2
2
3 , 6( 3 ) + 11( 3 ) 10
5
5 2
5
2 , 6( 2 ) + 11( 2 ) 10 = 0.

Solution set:

23 , 52

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= 0.

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What if ax2 + bx + c is not factorable?

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What if ax2 + bx + c is not factorable?

Note: If u2 = d, then u =

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What if ax2 + bx + c is not factorable?

Note: If u2 = d, then u =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

d.

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What if ax2 + bx + c is not factorable?

Note: If u2 = d, then u =

d.

For example, if u2 = 9, then u = 3.

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What if ax2 + bx + c is not factorable?

Note: If u2 = d, then u =

d.

For example, if u2 = 9, then u = 3.

Recall: Perfect square trinomial a2 2ab + b2

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ax2 + bx + c = 0

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ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c

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ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
x2

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ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
x2 + x
a

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ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
c
x2 + x =
a
a

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ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
c
x2 + x =
a
a
x2

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ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
c
x2 + x =
a
a
b
2
x +2 x
2a

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Equations

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ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
c
x2 + x =
a
a
b
c
2
x +2 x=
2a
a

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ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
c
x2 + x =
a
a
b
c
2
x +2 x=
2a
a
b
x2 + 2 x
2a

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

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ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
c
x2 + x =
a
a
b
c
2
x +2 x=
2a
a
b
b2
x2 + 2 x + 2
2a
4a

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ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
c
x2 + x =
a
a
b
c
2
x +2 x=
2a
a
b2
b
b2
c
x2 + 2 x + 2 = + 2
2a
4a
a 4a

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ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
c
x2 + x =
a
a
b
c
2
x +2 x=
2a
a
b2
b
b2
c
x2 + 2 x + 2 = + 2
2a
4a
a 4a

2
b
x+
2a

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ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
c
x2 + x =
a
a
b
c
2
x +2 x=
2a
a
b2
b
b2
c
x2 + 2 x + 2 = + 2
2a
4a
a 4a

2
b
=
x+
2a

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

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ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
c
x2 + x =
a
a
b
c
2
x +2 x=
2a
a
b2
b
b2
c
x2 + 2 x + 2 = + 2
2a
4a
a 4a

2
b
4ac + b2
=
x+
2a
4a2

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

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ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
c
x2 + x =
a
a
b
c
2
x +2 x=
2a
a
b2
b
b2
c
x2 + 2 x + 2 = + 2
2a
4a
a 4a

2
b
4ac + b2
=
x+
2a
4a2
x+

b
=
2a

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

15 / 28

ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
c
x2 + x =
a
a
b
c
2
x +2 x=
2a
a
b2
b
b2
c
x2 + 2 x + 2 = + 2
2a
4a
a 4a

2
b
4ac + b2
=
x+
2a
4a2
r
b
b2 4ac
x+
=
2a
4a2

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

15 / 28

ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
c
x2 + x =
a
a
b
c
2
x +2 x=
2a
a
b2
b
b2
c
x2 + 2 x + 2 = + 2
2a
4a
a 4a

2
b
4ac + b2
=
x+
2a
4a2
r
b
b2 4ac
x+
=
2a
4a2
x=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

15 / 28

ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
c
x2 + x =
a
a
b
c
2
x +2 x=
2a
a
b2
b
b2
c
x2 + 2 x + 2 = + 2
2a
4a
a 4a

2
b
4ac + b2
=
x+
2a
4a2
r
b
b2 4ac
x+
=
2a
4a2
b
x=
2a

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

15 / 28

ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
c
x2 + x =
a
a
b
c
2
x +2 x=
2a
a
b2
b
b2
c
x2 + 2 x + 2 = + 2
2a
4a
a 4a

2
b
4ac + b2
=
x+
2a
4a2
r
b
b2 4ac
x+
=
2a
4a2
b
x=

2a

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

15 / 28

ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
c
x2 + x =
a
a
b
c
2
x +2 x=
2a
a
b2
b
b2
c
x2 + 2 x + 2 = + 2
2a
4a
a 4a

2
b
4ac + b2
=
x+
2a
4a2
r
b
b2 4ac
x+
=
2
2a
4a

b
b2 4ac
x=

2a
2a

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

15 / 28

ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx = c
b
c
x2 + x =
a
a
b
c
2
x +2 x=
2a
a
b2
b
b2
c
x2 + 2 x + 2 = + 2
2a
4a
a 4a

2
b
4ac + b2
=
x+
2a
4a2
r
b
b2 4ac
x+
=
2
2a
4a

b
b2 4ac
x=

2a
2a
2
b b 4ac
x=
2a
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

15 / 28

The Quadratic Formula

Let a, b, c R with a 6= 0. If ax2 + bx + c = 0, then

b b2 4ac
x=
.
2a

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

16 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

We expect x = 23 and x = 35 .

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

We expect x = 23 and x = 35 .
By the quadratic formula,
x=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

We expect x = 23 and x = 35 .
By the quadratic formula,
11
x=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

We expect x = 23 and x = 35 .
By the quadratic formula,
11
x=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

We expect x = 23 and x = 35 .
By the quadratic formula,
p
11
x=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

We expect x = 23 and x = 35 .
By the quadratic formula,
p
11 121
x=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

We expect x = 23 and x = 35 .
By the quadratic formula,
p
11 121 4(6)(10)
x=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

We expect x = 23 and x = 35 .
By the quadratic formula,
p
11 121 4(6)(10)
x=
2(6)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

We expect x = 23 and x = 35 .
By the quadratic formula,
p
11 121 4(6)(10)
x=
2(6)
11
=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

We expect x = 23 and x = 35 .
By the quadratic formula,
p
11 121 4(6)(10)
x=
2(6)

11 121 + 240
=
12

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

We expect x = 23 and x = 35 .
By the quadratic formula,
p
11 121 4(6)(10)
x=
2(6)

11 121 + 240
=
12
11 19
=
12

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

We expect x = 23 and x = 35 .
By the quadratic formula,
p
11 121 4(6)(10)
x=
2(6)

11 121 + 240
=
12
11 19
=
12
11 + 19
x=
12

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

We expect x = 23 and x = 35 .
By the quadratic formula,
p
11 121 4(6)(10)
x=
2(6)

11 121 + 240
=
12
11 19
=
12
11 + 19
11 19
x=
or x =
12
12

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

We expect x = 23 and x = 35 .
By the quadratic formula,
p
11 121 4(6)(10)
x=
2(6)

11 121 + 240
=
12
11 19
=
12
11 + 19
11 19
x=
or x =
12
12
30
x=
12

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

We expect x = 23 and x = 35 .
By the quadratic formula,
p
11 121 4(6)(10)
x=
2(6)

11 121 + 240
=
12
11 19
=
12
11 + 19
11 19
x=
or x =
12
12
30
8
x=
or x =
12
12

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

We expect x = 23 and x = 35 .
By the quadratic formula,
p
11 121 4(6)(10)
x=
2(6)

11 121 + 240
=
12
11 19
=
12
11 + 19
11 19
x=
or x =
12
12
30
8
x=
or x =
12
12
5
x=
2
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solve for x in 6x2 11x 10 = 0.

We expect x = 23 and x = 35 .
By the quadratic formula,
p
11 121 4(6)(10)
x=
2(6)

11 121 + 240
=
12
11 19
=
12
11 + 19
11 19
x=
or x =
12
12
30
8
x=
or x =
12
12
5
2
x = or x =
2
3
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

17 / 28

Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Quadratic Formula

Example: Solve for x in x2 6x 1 = 0.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

18 / 28

Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Quadratic Formula

Example: Solve for x in x2 6x 1 = 0.

x=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

18 / 28

Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Quadratic Formula

Example: Solve for x in x2 6x 1 = 0.

p
6
x=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

18 / 28

Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Quadratic Formula

Example: Solve for x in x2 6x 1 = 0.

p
6 36
x=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

18 / 28

Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Quadratic Formula

Example: Solve for x in x2 6x 1 = 0.

p
6 36 4(1)(1)
x=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

18 / 28

Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Quadratic Formula

Example: Solve for x in x2 6x 1 = 0.

p
6 36 4(1)(1)
x=
2(1)

6 40
=
2

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

18 / 28

Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Quadratic Formula

Example: Solve for x in x2 6x 1 = 0.

p
6 36 4(1)(1)
x=
2(1)

6 40
=
2
6 2 10
=
2

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

18 / 28

Solving Quadratic Equations in x via Quadratic Formula

Example: Solve for x in x2 6x 1 = 0.

p
6 36 4(1)(1)
x=
2(1)

6 40
=
2
6 2 10
=
2

= 3 10
Checking:(3 10)2 6(3 10) 1 = (9 610 + 10) (18 610) 1) = 0.

Solution set: {3 + 10, 3 10}.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

18 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

Definition
The discriminant of the quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c is b2 4ac.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

19 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

Definition
The discriminant of the quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c is b2 4ac.
From the quadratic formula x =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

b b2 4ac
,
2a

Equations

Lec 7

19 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

Definition
The discriminant of the quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c is b2 4ac.

b 4ac
From the quadratic formula x = b 2a
, the discriminant gives the
nature of the solutions of a quadratic equation:

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

19 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

Definition
The discriminant of the quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c is b2 4ac.

b 4ac
From the quadratic formula x = b 2a
, the discriminant gives the
nature of the solutions of a quadratic equation:

If b2 4ac is..
..positive, then the quadratic equation has two distinct real solutions.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

19 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

Definition
The discriminant of the quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c is b2 4ac.

b 4ac
From the quadratic formula x = b 2a
, the discriminant gives the
nature of the solutions of a quadratic equation:

If b2 4ac is..
..positive, then the quadratic equation has two distinct real solutions.
..zero, then the quadratic equation has one real solution.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

19 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

Definition
The discriminant of the quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c is b2 4ac.

b 4ac
From the quadratic formula x = b 2a
, the discriminant gives the
nature of the solutions of a quadratic equation:

If b2 4ac is..
..positive, then the quadratic equation has two distinct real solutions.
..zero, then the quadratic equation has one real solution.
..negative, then the quadratic equation has two imaginary solutions
that are conjugates of each other.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

19 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real

solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

20 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real

solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: 4x2 + 4x + 1 = 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

20 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real

solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: 4x2 + 4x + 1 = 0
Note: 16 4(4)(1)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

20 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real

solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: 4x2 + 4x + 1 = 0
Note: 16 4(4)(1) = 16 16 = 0,

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

20 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real

solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: 4x2 + 4x + 1 = 0
Note: 16 4(4)(1) = 16 16 = 0, so we expect the equation to have
exactly one real solution.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

20 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real

solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: 4x2 + 4x + 1 = 0
Note: 16 4(4)(1) = 16 16 = 0, so we expect the equation to have
exactly one real solution. Indeed,

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

20 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real

solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: 4x2 + 4x + 1 = 0
Note: 16 4(4)(1) = 16 16 = 0, so we expect the equation to have
exactly one real solution. Indeed,
4x2 + 4x + 1 = 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

20 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real

solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: 4x2 + 4x + 1 = 0
Note: 16 4(4)(1) = 16 16 = 0, so we expect the equation to have
exactly one real solution. Indeed,
4x2 + 4x + 1 = 0
(2x + 1)2 = 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

20 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real

solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: 4x2 + 4x + 1 = 0
Note: 16 4(4)(1) = 16 16 = 0, so we expect the equation to have
exactly one real solution. Indeed,
4x2 + 4x + 1 = 0
(2x + 1)2 = 0
2x + 1 = 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

20 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real

solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: 4x2 + 4x + 1 = 0
Note: 16 4(4)(1) = 16 16 = 0, so we expect the equation to have
exactly one real solution. Indeed,
4x2 + 4x + 1 = 0
(2x + 1)2 = 0
2x + 1 = 0
x=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

1
2

Equations

Lec 7

20 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real
solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

21 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real
solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: x2 2x + 2 = 0

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

21 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real
solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: x2 2x + 2 = 0
Note: 4 4(1)(2)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

21 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real
solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: x2 2x + 2 = 0
Note: 4 4(1)(2) = 4 8 = 4 < 0,

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

21 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real
solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: x2 2x + 2 = 0
Note: 4 4(1)(2) = 4 8 = 4 < 0, so we expect the equation to have
two imaginary solutions.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

21 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real
solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: x2 2x + 2 = 0
Note: 4 4(1)(2) = 4 8 = 4 < 0, so we expect the equation to have
two imaginary solutions. Indeed,

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

21 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real
solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: x2 2x + 2 = 0
Note: 4 4(1)(2) = 4 8 = 4 < 0, so we expect the equation to have
two imaginary solutions. Indeed,
x=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

21 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real
solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: x2 2x + 2 = 0
Note: 4 4(1)(2) = 4 8 = 4 < 0, so we expect the equation to have
two imaginary solutions. Indeed,
x=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

21 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real
solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: x2 2x + 2 = 0
Note: 4 4(1)(2) = 4 8 = 4 < 0, so we expect the equation to have
two imaginary solutions. Indeed,

2 4
x=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

21 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real
solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: x2 2x + 2 = 0
Note: 4 4(1)(2) = 4 8 = 4 < 0, so we expect the equation to have
two imaginary solutions. Indeed,

2 48
x=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

21 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real
solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: x2 2x + 2 = 0
Note: 4 4(1)(2) = 4 8 = 4 < 0, so we expect the equation to have
two imaginary solutions. Indeed,

2 48
x=
2

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

21 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real
solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: x2 2x + 2 = 0
Note: 4 4(1)(2) = 4 8 = 4 < 0, so we expect the equation to have
two imaginary solutions. Indeed,

2 48
x=
2
2 4
=
2

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

21 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real
solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: x2 2x + 2 = 0
Note: 4 4(1)(2) = 4 8 = 4 < 0, so we expect the equation to have
two imaginary solutions. Indeed,

2 48
x=
2
2 4
=
2
2 2i
=
2

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

21 / 28

Nature of Solutions of a Quadratic Equation

A quadratic equation may have 2 distinct real solutions, 1 unique real
solution, or 2 imaginary solutions that are conjugates of each other.
Example: x2 2x + 2 = 0
Note: 4 4(1)(2) = 4 8 = 4 < 0, so we expect the equation to have
two imaginary solutions. Indeed,

2 48
x=
2
2 4
=
2
2 2i
=
2
=1i

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

21 / 28

Suggestions in Solving Verbal Problems

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

22 / 28

Suggestions in Solving Verbal Problems

1

Read the problem carefully. Determine the quantity/ies that are

known and those that are unknown.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

22 / 28

Suggestions in Solving Verbal Problems

1

Read the problem carefully. Determine the quantity/ies that are

known and those that are unknown.

Represent an unknown quantity by a variable. If possible, express the

other unknown quantities in terms of this variable.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

22 / 28

Suggestions in Solving Verbal Problems

1

Read the problem carefully. Determine the quantity/ies that are

known and those that are unknown.

Represent an unknown quantity by a variable. If possible, express the

other unknown quantities in terms of this variable.

If possible, draw a diagram or make a table depicting the relationships

behind the problem.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

22 / 28

Suggestions in Solving Verbal Problems

1

Read the problem carefully. Determine the quantity/ies that are

known and those that are unknown.

Represent an unknown quantity by a variable. If possible, express the

other unknown quantities in terms of this variable.

If possible, draw a diagram or make a table depicting the relationships

behind the problem.

Set up an equation or equations that would relate the variables, or

those that can be deduced from the diagram or table.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

22 / 28

Suggestions in Solving Verbal Problems

1

Read the problem carefully. Determine the quantity/ies that are

known and those that are unknown.

Represent an unknown quantity by a variable. If possible, express the

other unknown quantities in terms of this variable.

If possible, draw a diagram or make a table depicting the relationships

behind the problem.

Set up an equation or equations that would relate the variables, or

those that can be deduced from the diagram or table.

Solve the equation, inequality or system of equations. Identify

correctly what is being asked. Do not forget to indicate the unit of
measurement.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

22 / 28

Suggestions in Solving Verbal Problems

1

Read the problem carefully. Determine the quantity/ies that are

known and those that are unknown.

Represent an unknown quantity by a variable. If possible, express the

other unknown quantities in terms of this variable.

If possible, draw a diagram or make a table depicting the relationships

behind the problem.

Set up an equation or equations that would relate the variables, or

those that can be deduced from the diagram or table.

Solve the equation, inequality or system of equations. Identify

correctly what is being asked. Do not forget to indicate the unit of
measurement.

Verify that your answer/s indeed satisfy/ies the conditions of the

problem.
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

22 / 28

Uniform Motion
Example: Two airplanes traveling in opposite directions left an airport at
the same time. If one plane is traveling at a constant speed of 480 mi/hr
and the other is traveling at a constant speed of 520 mi/hr, how long will
it take until they are 2000 mi apart?

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

23 / 28

Uniform Motion
Example: Two airplanes traveling in opposite directions left an airport at
the same time. If one plane is traveling at a constant speed of 480 mi/hr
and the other is traveling at a constant speed of 520 mi/hr, how long will
it take until they are 2000 mi apart?
Solution: Let t be this unknown time (in hours).

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

23 / 28

Uniform Motion
Example: Two airplanes traveling in opposite directions left an airport at
the same time. If one plane is traveling at a constant speed of 480 mi/hr
and the other is traveling at a constant speed of 520 mi/hr, how long will
it take until they are 2000 mi apart?
Solution: Let t be this unknown time (in hours).
Since distance=speedtime,
After t hours:

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Plane 1 has travelled

Equations

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Uniform Motion
Example: Two airplanes traveling in opposite directions left an airport at
the same time. If one plane is traveling at a constant speed of 480 mi/hr
and the other is traveling at a constant speed of 520 mi/hr, how long will
it take until they are 2000 mi apart?
Solution: Let t be this unknown time (in hours).
Since distance=speedtime,
After t hours:

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Plane 1 has travelled

Equations

480t mi

Lec 7

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Uniform Motion
Example: Two airplanes traveling in opposite directions left an airport at
the same time. If one plane is traveling at a constant speed of 480 mi/hr
and the other is traveling at a constant speed of 520 mi/hr, how long will
it take until they are 2000 mi apart?
Solution: Let t be this unknown time (in hours).
Since distance=speedtime,
After t hours:

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Plane 1 has travelled

Plane 2 has travelled

Equations

480t mi
520t mi

Lec 7

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Uniform Motion
Example: Two airplanes traveling in opposite directions left an airport at
the same time. If one plane is traveling at a constant speed of 480 mi/hr
and the other is traveling at a constant speed of 520 mi/hr, how long will
it take until they are 2000 mi apart?
Solution: Let t be this unknown time (in hours).
Since distance=speedtime,
After t hours:

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Plane 1 has travelled

Plane 2 has travelled
The planes are

Equations

480t mi
520t mi
2000 mi apart

Lec 7

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Uniform Motion
Example: Two airplanes traveling in opposite directions left an airport at
the same time. If one plane is traveling at a constant speed of 480 mi/hr
and the other is traveling at a constant speed of 520 mi/hr, how long will
it take until they are 2000 mi apart?
Solution: Let t be this unknown time (in hours).
Since distance=speedtime,
After t hours:

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Plane 1 has travelled

Plane 2 has travelled
The planes are
Hence

Equations

480t mi
520t mi
2000 mi apart
480t + 520t = 2000

Lec 7

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Uniform Motion
Example: Two airplanes traveling in opposite directions left an airport at
the same time. If one plane is traveling at a constant speed of 480 mi/hr
and the other is traveling at a constant speed of 520 mi/hr, how long will
it take until they are 2000 mi apart?
Solution: Let t be this unknown time (in hours).
Since distance=speedtime,
After t hours:

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Plane 1 has travelled

Plane 2 has travelled
The planes are
Hence

Equations

480t mi
520t mi
2000 mi apart
480t + 520t = 2000
1000t = 2000

Lec 7

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Uniform Motion
Example: Two airplanes traveling in opposite directions left an airport at
the same time. If one plane is traveling at a constant speed of 480 mi/hr
and the other is traveling at a constant speed of 520 mi/hr, how long will
it take until they are 2000 mi apart?
Solution: Let t be this unknown time (in hours).
Since distance=speedtime,
After t hours:

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Plane 1 has travelled

Plane 2 has travelled
The planes are
Hence

Equations

480t mi
520t mi
2000 mi apart
480t + 520t = 2000
1000t = 2000
t=2

Lec 7

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Uniform Motion
Example: Two airplanes traveling in opposite directions left an airport at
the same time. If one plane is traveling at a constant speed of 480 mi/hr
and the other is traveling at a constant speed of 520 mi/hr, how long will
it take until they are 2000 mi apart?
Solution: Let t be this unknown time (in hours).
Since distance=speedtime,
After t hours:

Plane 1 has travelled

Plane 2 has travelled
The planes are
Hence

480t mi
520t mi
2000 mi apart
480t + 520t = 2000
1000t = 2000
t=2

Checking: if t = 2, 480t + 520t = 2000.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Uniform Motion
Example: Two airplanes traveling in opposite directions left an airport at
the same time. If one plane is traveling at a constant speed of 480 mi/hr
and the other is traveling at a constant speed of 520 mi/hr, how long will
it take until they are 2000 mi apart?
Solution: Let t be this unknown time (in hours).
Since distance=speedtime,
After t hours:

Plane 1 has travelled

Plane 2 has travelled
The planes are
Hence

480t mi
520t mi
2000 mi apart
480t + 520t = 2000
1000t = 2000
t=2

Checking: if t = 2, 480t + 520t = 2000.

Thus, the planes are 2000 mi apart after 2 hours.
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Mixture Problem
Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same
acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Mixture Problem
Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same
acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Note:
Volume of solution 1 + Volume of solution 2
= Volume of combined solution

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Mixture Problem
Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same
acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Note:
Volume of solution 1 + Volume of solution 2
= Volume of combined solution
Amount of solution Concentration (in %) of the
solute
= Amount of solute in the solution

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Mixture Problem
Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same
acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Note:
Volume of solution 1 + Volume of solution 2
= Volume of combined solution
Amount of solution Concentration (in %) of the
solute
= Amount of solute in the solution
Amount of solute in solution 1 + Amount of solute in
solution 2
= Amount of solute in the combined solution
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution:

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution:
Let x be the amount of Solution X needed (in liters).

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution:
Let x be the amount of Solution X needed (in liters).
The mixture problem could be presented as follows:
Amt of Sol
(liters)

Acid Concentration

Amt of Acid
(liters)

Sol X
Sol Y
Result.
Sol

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution:
Let x be the amount of Solution X needed (in liters).
The mixture problem could be presented as follows:

Sol X
Sol Y
Result.
Sol

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Amt of Sol
(liters)
x

Acid Concentration

Equations

Amt of Acid
(liters)

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution:
Let x be the amount of Solution X needed (in liters).
The mixture problem could be presented as follows:

Sol X
Sol Y
Result.
Sol

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Amt of Sol
(liters)
x

Acid Concentration

Amt of Acid
(liters)

20%

Equations

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution:
Let x be the amount of Solution X needed (in liters).
The mixture problem could be presented as follows:

Sol X
Sol Y
Result.
Sol

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Amt of Sol
(liters)
x

Acid Concentration
20%

Equations

Amt of Acid
(liters)
0.20x

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution:
Let x be the amount of Solution X needed (in liters).
The mixture problem could be presented as follows:

Sol X
Sol Y
Result.
Sol

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Amt of Sol
(liters)
x
100

Acid Concentration
20%

Equations

Amt of Acid
(liters)
0.20x

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution:
Let x be the amount of Solution X needed (in liters).
The mixture problem could be presented as follows:

Sol X
Sol Y
Result.
Sol

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Amt of Sol
(liters)
x
100

Acid Concentration
20%
50%

Equations

Amt of Acid
(liters)
0.20x

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution:
Let x be the amount of Solution X needed (in liters).
The mixture problem could be presented as follows:

Sol X
Sol Y
Result.
Sol

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Amt of Sol
(liters)
x
100

Acid Concentration
20%
50%

Equations

Amt of Acid
(liters)
0.20x
50

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution:
Let x be the amount of Solution X needed (in liters).
The mixture problem could be presented as follows:

Sol X
Sol Y
Result.
Sol

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Amt of Sol
(liters)
x
100

Acid Concentration
20%
50%

Amt of Acid
(liters)
0.20x
50

x + 100

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution:
Let x be the amount of Solution X needed (in liters).
The mixture problem could be presented as follows:

Sol X
Sol Y
Result.
Sol

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Amt of Sol
(liters)
x
100
x + 100

Acid Concentration
20%
50%

Amt of Acid
(liters)
0.20x
50

30%

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution:
Let x be the amount of Solution X needed (in liters).
The mixture problem could be presented as follows:

Sol X
Sol Y
Result.
Sol

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Amt of Sol
(liters)
x
100
x + 100

20%
50%

Amt of Acid
(liters)
0.20x
50

30%

0.30(x + 100)

Acid Concentration

Equations

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution:
Let x be the amount of Solution X needed (in liters).
The mixture problem could be presented as follows:

Sol X
Sol Y
Result.
Sol

Amt of Sol
(liters)
x
100
x + 100

20%
50%

Amt of Acid
(liters)
0.20x
50

30%

0.30(x + 100)

Acid Concentration

Thus,

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution:
Let x be the amount of Solution X needed (in liters).
The mixture problem could be presented as follows:

Sol X
Sol Y
Result.
Sol

Amt of Sol
(liters)
x
100
x + 100

20%
50%

Amt of Acid
(liters)
0.20x
50

30%

0.30(x + 100)

Acid Concentration

Thus,
0.20x + 50 = 0.30(x + 100)
Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution (cont):
0.20x + 50 = 0.30(x + 100)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution (cont):
0.20x + 50 = 0.30(x + 100)
10[0.20x + 50] = 10[0.30(x + 100)]

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution (cont):
0.20x + 50 = 0.30(x + 100)
10[0.20x + 50] = 10[0.30(x + 100)]
2x

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution (cont):
0.20x + 50 = 0.30(x + 100)
10[0.20x + 50] = 10[0.30(x + 100)]
2x + 500

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution (cont):
0.20x + 50 = 0.30(x + 100)
10[0.20x + 50] = 10[0.30(x + 100)]
2x + 500 =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution (cont):
0.20x + 50 = 0.30(x + 100)
10[0.20x + 50] = 10[0.30(x + 100)]
2x + 500 = 3x

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution (cont):
0.20x + 50 = 0.30(x + 100)
10[0.20x + 50] = 10[0.30(x + 100)]
2x + 500 = 3x + 300

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution (cont):
0.20x + 50 = 0.30(x + 100)
10[0.20x + 50] = 10[0.30(x + 100)]
2x + 500 = 3x + 300
500

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution (cont):
0.20x + 50 = 0.30(x + 100)
10[0.20x + 50] = 10[0.30(x + 100)]
2x + 500 = 3x + 300
500 300

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution (cont):
0.20x + 50 = 0.30(x + 100)
10[0.20x + 50] = 10[0.30(x + 100)]
2x + 500 = 3x + 300
500 300 =

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

26 / 28

Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution (cont):
0.20x + 50 = 0.30(x + 100)
10[0.20x + 50] = 10[0.30(x + 100)]
2x + 500 = 3x + 300
500 300 = 3x

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

26 / 28

Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution (cont):
0.20x + 50 = 0.30(x + 100)
10[0.20x + 50] = 10[0.30(x + 100)]
2x + 500 = 3x + 300
500 300 = 3x 2x

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

26 / 28

Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution (cont):
0.20x + 50 = 0.30(x + 100)
10[0.20x + 50] = 10[0.30(x + 100)]
2x + 500 = 3x + 300
500 300 = 3x 2x
200 = x

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Solution X is 20% acid while Solution Y is 50% of the same

acid. How much of Solution X must be added to a 100 liters of Solution
Y to get a solution that is 30% acid?
Solution (cont):
0.20x + 50 = 0.30(x + 100)
10[0.20x + 50] = 10[0.30(x + 100)]
2x + 500 = 3x + 300
500 300 = 3x 2x
200 = x
Checking: If x = 200, 0.20x + 50 = 90 and 0.30x + 30 = 90.
Hence, 200 liters of Solution X is needed.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

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Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

27 / 28

Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

27 / 28

Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,
x

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,
x + (x + 2)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = (x + 2)2

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = (x + 2)2
3x + 6

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

27 / 28

Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = (x + 2)2
3x + 6 = x2 + 4x + 4

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

27 / 28

Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = (x + 2)2
3x + 6 = x2 + 4x + 4
0=

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

27 / 28

Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = (x + 2)2
3x + 6 = x2 + 4x + 4
0 = x2

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

27 / 28

Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = (x + 2)2
3x + 6 = x2 + 4x + 4
0 = x2 + x

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

27 / 28

Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = (x + 2)2
3x + 6 = x2 + 4x + 4
0 = x2 + x 2

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = (x + 2)2
3x + 6 = x2 + 4x + 4
0 = x2 + x 2
0 = (x + 2)(x 1)

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = (x + 2)2
3x + 6 = x2 + 4x + 4
0 = x2 + x 2
0 = (x + 2)(x 1)
x = 2 or x = 1

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

27 / 28

Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = (x + 2)2
3x + 6 = x2 + 4x + 4
0 = x2 + x 2
0 = (x + 2)(x 1)
x = 2 or x = 1
Since x is odd,

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

27 / 28

Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = (x + 2)2
3x + 6 = x2 + 4x + 4
0 = x2 + x 2
0 = (x + 2)(x 1)
x = 2 or x = 1
Since x is odd, x must be 1,

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

27 / 28

Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = (x + 2)2
3x + 6 = x2 + 4x + 4
0 = x2 + x 2
0 = (x + 2)(x 1)
x = 2 or x = 1
Since x is odd, x must be 1, and the other integers must be

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

27 / 28

Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = (x + 2)2
3x + 6 = x2 + 4x + 4
0 = x2 + x 2
0 = (x + 2)(x 1)
x = 2 or x = 1
Since x is odd, x must be 1, and the other integers must be 3 and 5.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Example. Find three consecutive odd numbers whose sum is the square of
the second odd number.
Solution: Let x be the smallest of the odd numbers. Then,
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = (x + 2)2
3x + 6 = x2 + 4x + 4
0 = x2 + x 2
0 = (x + 2)(x 1)
x = 2 or x = 1
Since x is odd, x must be 1, and the other integers must be 3 and 5.
Check: Indeed, 1 + 3 + 5 = 32 .
Hence, the three consecutive odd integers are 1, 3 and 5.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

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Exercises:
1

Find the solution set of the following equations.

1
2

1
2x + 3 x + 1

=
4
2
3
3x2 2x + 1 = 0

The numerator of a positive fraction is 5 more than thrice its

denominator. If 13 is added to the denominator and 9 is subtracted
from the numerator, the resulting fraction is twice the reciprocal of
the original number. Find the original fraction.
Find all real values of k such that x2 + kx + k = x 2 has exactly
one solution.

Next Meeting: Rational Equations, Radical Equations, etc.

Math 17 (UP-IMath)

Equations

Lec 7

28 / 28