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Microwave Techniques - Review Notes
Microwave Techniques - Review Notes
Microwave Techniques - Review Notes
17. The modes of a waveguide describe the various patterns of electric and
magnetic fields that are possible.
18. A transverse electric (TE) mode is one where the electric field is
transverse or perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
19. A transverse magnetic (TM) mode is one where the magnetic field is
perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
20. Waveguides are available in standard lengths and sizes, and special
pieces are used for right-angle bends and 90 twists.
21. Half-wavelength sections of waveguides with shorted or closed ends
are known as resonant cavities since they "ring" or oscillate at the frequency
determined by their dimensions.
22. Cavity resonators are metallic chambers of various shapes and sizes
that are used as parallel-tuned circuits and filters. They have a Q of up
to 30,000.
23. Point-contact and Schottky or hot-carrier diodes are widely uses as
mixers in microwave equipment as they have low capacitance and
inductance.
24. Varactor diodes are widely used as microwave frequency
multipliers. Multiplication factors of 2 and 3 are common with power levels
up to 20 Wand efficiencies up to 80 percent.
25. Step-recovery or snap-off diodes are also widely used as frequency
multipliers with multiplication factors up to 10, power ratings up to 50 W. and
efficiencies approaching 80 percent.
26. A Gunn diode is a microwave semiconductor device used to generate
microwave energy. When combined with a microstrip, stripline or resonant
cavity, simple low power oscillators with frequencies up to 50 GHz are
easily implemented.
27. Both I MPATT and TRAPATT diodes are GaAs devices operated with
high reverse bias to produce avalanche breakdown. Both are used in
microwave oscillators.
28. A klystron is a vacuum tube used for microwave amplification and
oscillation.
29. Klystrons use a cavity resonant or to velocity modulate an electron
beam which imparts energy to another cavity, producing power
amplification. Klystrons are available which produce from a few to many
thousands of watts.
30. A single-cavity reflex klystron is used as a microwave oscillator.
31. Klystrons are being gradually replaced by Gunn diodes and travelingwave tubes.
32. A magnetron is a diode vacuum tube used as a microwave oscillator
in radar and microwave ovens to produce powers up to the megawatt
range.