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Pipes, Pipe, Piping, Flow, Rate, Loss, Losses, Head, Friction, Hydraulic, Velocity
Pipes, Pipe, Piping, Flow, Rate, Loss, Losses, Head, Friction, Hydraulic, Velocity
Pipes, Pipe, Piping, Flow, Rate, Loss, Losses, Head, Friction, Hydraulic, Velocity
Pipes, pipe, piping, flow, rate, loss, losses, head, friction, hydraulic, velocity
Pressure losses in the pipes, rate of flow (laminar, turbulent, critical zone), viscosity, calculation of the Reynolds number,
influences rate of antifreeze (glycol).
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Margin
Hydraulic
Linear pressure
loss
The calculation of the linear pressure loss, that corresponding to the general flow in a rectilinear conduit, is given
by the following general formula:
Local pressure
loss
Compressible
fluids
No circular duct
Thermal
Thermal fluid
flow
Pipe sizing
steam
Control valves
Orifice plate
Pumps
Ventilators
Gas
Fuel gas
Dp = pressure loss in Pa
L = friction factor (a number without dimension)
p = density of water in kg/m3
V = flow rate in m/s
D = pipe diameter in m
L = pipe length in m
The expression above shows that calculations of pressure losses rest entirely on the determination of the
coefficient L.
Flow type
The nature of the type of flow of a fluid is determined by the value of the Reynolds number.
The various types of flows are visualized by the chart of the diagram of Moody using the Reynolds number for the
x axis and the factor of friction F for the y axis.
The mode of flow of a fluid is characterized in 3 forms:
Laminar mode
Reynolds number lower than 2000 indicates than the flow is calm and regular
Turbulent mode
Reynolds number higher than 4000 indicates than the flow is in the form of
swirl and of movement.
Zone critique
Reynolds number located 2000 and 4000 indicates that the flow is unstable
between the laminar mode and the turbulent mode.
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8/25/2016
Pipes, pipe, piping, flow, rate, loss, losses, head, friction, hydraulic, velocity
p = density in kg/m3
V =speed in m/s
D = hydraulic diameter of the pipe in m
= dynamic viscosity in Pa.s (or kg/m.s)
(kg/m.s = One tenth of a poise = 10
poises)
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Pipes, pipe, piping, flow, rate, loss, losses, head, friction, hydraulic, velocity
Loss pressure
Laminar flow (Re 2000)
In rate of laminar, the nature or the surface quality of the interior walls of the lines does not intervene in the
calculation of the pressure loss.
The loss pressure is determined by the following function:
It is noted that this formula is in implicit form; consequently search can be done only by successive approaches
(iterative calculation)
With:
L = friction factor (a number without dimension)
D = pressure loss coefficient.
k = index of roughness of the pipe.
d = pipe diameter in mm.
Re = Reynolds number.
Usual value index of roughness (k) in mm
Nature of interior surface
Index roughness K
0,001 to 0,002
PVC pipe
0,0015
Stainless steel
0,015
0,045 0,09
Stretched steel
0,015
Weld steel
0,045
Galvanized steel
0,15
Rusted steel
0,1 to 1
0,25 to 0,8
10
0,8 to 1,5
11
1,5 to 2,5
12
0,01 to 0,015
13
Smoothed cement
0,3
14
Ordinary concrete
15
Coarse concrete
16
17
Ordinary wood
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Pipes, pipe, piping, flow, rate, loss, losses, head, friction, hydraulic, velocity
t = temperature at 0C
a = percentage of glycol
Last update: 08/25/2016 08:47:46
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