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1907-Semin Sanuri-The Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Cylinder Pressure Storage Technology in Natural Gas Vehicles (NGV) Research Trends
1907-Semin Sanuri-The Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Cylinder Pressure Storage Technology in Natural Gas Vehicles (NGV) Research Trends
1. INTRODUCTION
Natural gas is becoming an increasingly alternative
and attractive fuel for many transportation uses. Fuel
costs are significantly less compare gasoline and the
most suitable fuel for bridge to hydrogen.
Table 1: Characteristics Comparison Between
Gasoline and CNG [4].
GASOLINE
CNG
PROPERTIES
Vapour density
Ignition
Octane rating
Boiling point (Atm.Press)
Air-Fuel Ratio (Weight)
Chemical Reaction With
Rubber
Storage Pressure
3.5
430C
96
27C
14.5
Yes
0.68
700C
130
-162C
17.24
No
Atm. Pressure
20.6Mpa
Poor
High
0.83
1-16%
Good
Very Low
0.63
4-14%
Chemical
formula
% CNG
content
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Hydrogen Sulphide
Rare Gas
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
CO2
O2
N2
H2S
70-90%
0-20%
0-20%
0-20%
0-8%
0-0.2%
0-5%
0-5%
Trace
A,He,Ne,Xe
Composites
Composites
iv.
Composites
(1)
F = (/4) Pi di^22 r t
Figure 11: Typical cross section of the TUFFSHELL allcomposite tank [21].
5. CONCLUSION
Various scenarios of development and manufacture CNG
pressure vessels have been discussed and it seem all the
CNG pressure vessels (CNG-1 TO CNG-4) had their own
advantages and disadvantages. The cost of manufactured
and material will increased from type-1 to type-4. New
solution, manufacturing process or material should be
used to reduce the cost but must follow the international
standard characteristics. Not only the cost but reliability
and life span of tank also must be considered to developed
economical and reliable tanks.
REFERENCES
1. www.cleanenergyfuels.com/pdf/Fuel_Matrixsp.pdf
2. J. K. Parker, A Freshman Engineering Design
Project. 2002, Alabama, US
3. Q. S. Chen, J. Wegrzyn, V. Prasad, Analysis of
Temperature and Pressure Changes in Liquefied
Natural Gas (LNG) Cryogenic tanks, 2004, NY,
US
4. Nice Academy, NGV Technical Training NGV
Characteristics and Safety 2006, Malaysia
5. P. Sunil, Practical Guide to Pressure Vessel
Manufacturing, Marcel n Dekker, 2002
6. ISO 11439:2000: Gas cylinders High pressure
cylinders for the on-board storage of natural gas
as a fuel for automotive vehicles. First Edition,
2000
7. Nice Academy, NGV Technical Training NGV
Cylinders, 2006, Malaysia.
8. S.T. Peters, Composites Materials and
Processes, Digital Engineering Library By
McGrawHill, Mountain View, 2004 California,
US
9. ASME Section VIII Div (1) 1998 ed: Rules For
Construction of Unfired Pressure Vessel.
10. B. Sachindranarayan, Standard HandBook of
Machine Design-Pressure Cylinders, Digital
Engineering Library By McGrawHill, 2004 Texas,
US
11. R. C. Hibbeler, Mechanics of Materials,
published by Prentice Hall, 4th edition, 2000, NJ,
US.
12. Tenaris S. A., Dalmine, Piazza Caduti 6 Luglio
1944, 1 Bergamo (24044), 2004, Italy
13. Dalmine S. p. A technical drawing data sheet,
Tenaris S. A., 2000, Italy.