BAB II

Perencanaan Roda Gigi

1.
2.
3.
4.

Data-data awal :
Hp motor = 25 hp
Putaran masuk (nin) = 500 rpm
Putaran keluar (nout) = 15 rpm
Velocity ratio (i)
Spur gear I = 5
Spur gear II = 4

5. Efisiensi gear
Spur gear I = 100% = 25 hp
Spur gear II = 95% = 23,75 hp
Perhitungan Roda Gigi
1.1 Spur Gear I
Rasio putaran
dg
np
Nt g

n
d
i = g = Nt w = p
i=5
np = 500 rpm
ng = 100 rpm
Diametral pitch (P)
Asumsi diametral pitch (P) = 5 teeth/in
Jumlah gigi pinion dan gear
dg
np
Nt g

n
d
i = g = Nt w = p
Asumsi jumlah gigi pinion = 15 teeth
Jumlah gigi gear = dg = dp x i = 15 x 5 = 75 teeth
Diameter pinion dan gear
Ntp
15
dp =
P = 5 = 3,75 in
dg =

Ntg
P

75
5 = 18,75 in

Addendum & Dedendum

= 20o Full Depth
Berdasarkan tabel 10-1
1
addendum = P = 0,2 in
1 ,25
dedendum = P = 0,25 in
Pitch line velocity (Vp) untuk pinion
3,14 x 3,75 x 500
x dp x np
12
12
(Vpp) =
=

= 490,87 ft/min

Torsi (T) pinion

P x 63000
n
T=

25 x 63000
500

P x 63000
np

Tp =
=
Gaya tangensial (Ft) pinion
Ft =

Ftp =

T
r
T
rp

3150
3,75
2

= 1680 lb

Gaya radial
Fr = Ft tan
Fr = 1680 lbf x tan 20o = 545,86 lb
Gaya dinamik pinion
Berdasarkan persamaan fig. 10-38 Buku Machine Design, Deutshman
600 Vp
ft
600
Fd =
x Ft ( Vp< 2000 min )
600+ 490,87
600 Vpp
600
600
Fdp =
x Ftp =
x 1680 = 3054,44 lb
Lebar gigi
600 Vpp
9
13
Lebar gigi (b) memiliki batas 600
: P b P atau 2,25 in b 3,25 in
Asumsi material memiliki BHN 275 sehingga K = 162
2 Ntg
2 x 75
Q = Ntg+ Ntp = 75+ 15 = 1,67
b=

= 3150 lb-in

Fd
dp Q K

3054,44
2,75 x 1,67 x 162

= 3,01 in (AMAN)

Material gear
Y (gear) = 0,433 (Tabel 10-2 dengan Ntg = 75)
Fd x P
3054,44 x 5
So = b x Y
= 3,01 x 0,4433 = 11717,83 psi
Material yang sesuai untuk digunakan adalah Copper Base SAE 65 (phospor bronze)

1.2 Spur Gear II

Rasio putaran
np
Nt g

dg

n
d
i = g = Nt w = p
i=4
np = 100 rpm
ng = 25 rpm
Diametral pitch (P)

Asumsi diametral pitch (P) = 4 teeth/in

Jumlah gigi pinion dan gear
dg
np
Nt g

n
d
i = g = Nt w = p
Asumsi jumlah gigi pinion = 15 teeth
Jumlah gigi gear = dg = dp x i = 15 x 4 = 60 teeth
Diameter pinion dan gear
Ntp
15
dp =
=
P
4 = 3,75 in
Ntg
P

dg =

60
4

= 15 in

Addendum & Dedendum

= 20o Full Depth
Berdasarkan tabel 10-1
1
addendum = P = 0,25 in
1 ,25
dedendum = P = 0,3125 in
Pitch line velocity (Vp)
3,14 x 3,75 x 100
x dp x np
12
12
(Vpp) =
=
= 98,17 ft/min
3,14
x
15
x
25
x dg x ng
12
12
(Vpg) =
=
= 98,17 ft/min
Torsi (T)
P x 63000
n
T=
23,75 x 63000
P x 63000
100
np
Tp =
=
= 14962,5 lb-in
23,75 x 63000
P x 63000
25
ng
Tg =
=
= 59850 lb-in
Gaya tangensial (Ft)
Ft =

T
r

Ftp =

T
rp

Ftg =

T
rg

14962,5
3,75
2

59850
15
2

Gaya radial

= 7980 lb

= 7980 lb

Fr = Ft tan
Fr = 7980 lbf x tan 20o = 2904,48 lb
Gaya dinamik
Berdasarkan persamaan fig. 10-38 Buku Machine Design, Deutshman
600 Vp
ft
600
Fd =
x Ft ( Vp< 2000 min )
600+ 98,17
600 Vpp
600
600
Fdp =
x Ftp =
x 7980 = 9285,6 lb
600+ 98,17
600 Vpg
600
600
Fdg =
x Ftg =
x 7980 = 9285,6 lb
Lebar gigi
600 Vpp
9
13
Lebar gigi (b) memiliki batas 600
: P b P atau 2,25 in b 3,25 in
Asumsi lebar gigi (b) = 3,25 in
Gaya Bending (Fb)
So x b x Y
P
Fb =
Y (gear) = 0,421 (Tabel 10-2 dengan Ntg = 60)
Y (pinion) = 0,289 (Tabel 10-2 dengan Ntp = 15)
Asumsi material untuk pinion adalah SAE 2345 hardened by OQT
50000 x 3,25 x 0,289
S o x b x Yp
4
P
Fbp =
=
= 11740,625 lb
Asumsi material untuk pinion adalah SAE 1045 hardened by WQT
32000 x 3,25 x 0,421
S o x b x Yg
4
P
Fbp =
=
= 10946 lb
Fbp> Fdp ,sehingga memenuhi syarat beban ijin (AMAN).
Fbg> Fdg ,sehingga memenuhi syarat beban ijin (AMAN).

BAB III
Perencanaan Poros
1. Perencanaan Poros 1
Data Poros 1 :
T = 3150 lb-in
FBH = 1680 lb
FBV = FAH tan 200 = 545,86 lb
dp = 2,5 in (didapat dari spesifikasi motor 25 hp merk Casey Equipment)
2
2

1
1

Analisa gaya pada bidang vertikal

5,5 in

FAv

FCv
FBv

(+) MA = 0
FBv (1,375 in) FCv (4,125) = 0
FCv = 181,95 lb
(+) Fv = 0
-FAV + FBV FCV = 0
FAV = 363,91 lb
Potongan 1-1

1
x
FAv

1,375 in

2,75 in

(+) M = 0
-My1 FAV x = 0
My1 = -FAv x = -363,91x
X1 = 0 in My1 = -363,91 lb x 0 in = 0
X1 = 1,375 in My1 = -363,91 lb x 1,375 in = -500,376 lb-in
2

Potongan 2-2
2

FCv

(+) M = 0
My2 + FCV x = 0
My2 = -FCV x = -181,95x
X2 = 0 in My2 = -181,95 lb
x 0 in = 0
5,5
X2 = 1,375 in My2 = -181,95 lb x 1,375 in = -250,18 lb-in
1,375

Diagram bidang momen vertikal

-500,376 lb-in
2
2
1
1

Analisa gaya pada bidang horizontal

FAH

FCH
FBH

1,375 in

2,75 in

(+) MA = 0
FBH (1,375 in) FCH (4,125) = 0
FCH = 560 lb
(+) Fv = 0
-FAH + FBH FCH = 0
FAH = 1120 lb

Potongan 1-1

FAH

(+) M = 0
-Mx1 FAH x = 0
Mx1 = -FAH x = -1260x
X1 = 0 in Mx1 = -1260 lb x 0 in = 0
2
X1 = 1,375 in Mx1 = -1260 lb x 1,375 in = -1732,5 lb-in
2

Potongan 2-2

FCH

(+) M = 0

Mx2 + FCH x = 0
Mx2 = -FCH x = -560x
X2 = 0 in Mx2 = -560 lb x 0 in = 0

5,5

X2 = 1,375 in Mx2 = -560 lb x 1,375 in = -577,5 lb-in

1,375

Diagram bidang momen horizontal

-1732,5 lb-in

Momen bending

(500,376)2+(1732,5)2

M=

= 1821,66 lb- in

T = 3150 lb-in
a =

avg =

32 M
d3

32(1821,66)
2,53

16 T
d3

16 (3150)
2,53

= 1187,54 lb/in2

= 1026,74 lb/in2

Perumusan mencari diameter poros :

[[

K fb Sy a
+3 ( avg )2
Se

1/ 2

Sy
N

Safety factor (N) = 2

Shock factor for bending (Kfb) = 2 (profile quenched and drawn)
Shock factor for torsion (Kft) = 1,6 (profile quenched and drawn)
Dari tabel 3-2 hal 109 Machine Design, Deutschman didapatkan deviation multiplication

factor (DMF) for 95 % survival rate = 1,64

Reliability factor (CR) didapatkan dari perumusan CR = 1 - 0,08 (DMF)
CR = 1 - 0,08 (1,64) = 0,87
Dari fig 3-27 hal 110 Machine Design, Deutschman didapatkan size correction factor (CS)
= 0,85 untuk momen bending dan torsi spesimen dengan diameter poros perkiraan yang
digunakan sebesar 0,5 in 2 in.

(CS) = 0,7 untuk untuk momen bending dan torsi spesimen dengan diameter poros
perkiraan yang digunakan sebesar > 2 in.
Welding factor (Cw) = 1 untuk koreksi pengelasan dianggap tidak mempengaruhi.
Material yang dipilih adalah AISI 1050 CD
Sy = 104000 psi
Su = 114000 psi
Sn = 0,5 Su = 0,5 (114000) = 57000 psi
Cs = 0,7
Cf = 0,9 (commercially polished)
Ct = 1
Se = Cr . Cs . Cf . Cw . Ct . Sn = 31241,7 psi

[[

2 ( 104000 ) (1187,54 )
+3(1026,74)2
31241,7

1 /2

104000
2

8103,9 52000 (AMAN)

2. Perencanaan Poros 2
Data Poros 2 :
T = 14962,5 lb-in
FBv

FBH = 1680 lb
FBV = FAH tan 200 = 545,86 lb

3
3
FGV

Analisa gaya pada bidang vertikal

2
2

(+) MD = 0
-FBv (0,25x) FFv (0,75x) + FGv (x) = 0
FGv = 337,07 lb
(+) Fv = 0
FDV - FBV FFV + FGv = 0
FDV = 458,07 lb
1
x Potongan 1-1
1

FDv

My1

(+) M = 0
-My1 + FDV x = 0
My1 = FDv x = 458,07x
X1 = 0 in My1 = 458,07 lb x 0 in = 0
FDv

X1 = 5 in My1 = 458,07 lb x 5 in = 2290,35 lb-in

2

Potongan 2-2

My2

FBv

(+) M = 0
-My2 + FDV (5 + x) FBv x = 0
My2 = 2290,35 60,5x
X2 = 0 in My2 = 2290,35 lb-in

X2 = 5 in My2 = 1987,85 lb-in

Potongan 3-3
3
My3

x
3

FGv

(+) M = 0
My3 FGv x = 0
My3 = 337,07x

FBH

X3 = 0 in M3y = 337,07 lb x 0 in = 0
X3 = 5 in M3y = 337,07 lb x 5 in = 1685,35 lb-in
3

Diagram bidang momen vertikal

3

FGH

2290,35
1987,85

2
2
0

15

20

Analisa gaya pada bidang horizontal

(+) MD = 0
FBH (0,25x) + FFH (0,75x) FGH (x) = 0
FGH = 1037,4 lb
(+) Fv = 0
FDH - FBH FFH + FGH = 0

FDH = 1409,8 lb

Mx1

x
1

Potongan 1-1

FDH

(+) M = 0
-Mx1 + FDH x = 0
Mx1 = FDH x = 1409,8x
X1 = 0 in Mx1 = 1409,8 lb x 0 in = 0
X1 = 5 in Mx1 = 1409,8 lb x 5 in = 7049 lb-in
Potongan 2-2
2

5
FDH

Mx2

x
2

(+) M = 0
-Mx2 + FDH (5 + x) FBH x = 0
Mx2 = FDH (5 + x) - FBH x = 7049 186,2X
X2 = 0 in Mx2 = 7049 lb-in
X2 = 5 in Mx2 = 6118 lb-in
Potongan 3-3

3
Mx3
3
(+) M = 0
Mx3 = FGH x = 1037,4x

FGH

X3 = 0 in Mx3 = 0 lb-in
X3 = 5 in Mx3 = 5187 lb-in
Diagram bidang momen horizontal
7049
6118

15

20

Momen bending terbesar

M=

(2290,35)2 (7049)2

= 7411,75 lb-in

T = 14962,5 lb-in
a =

avg =

32 M
d3
16 T
3
d

32(7411,75 )
d3

16 (14962,5)
d3

75495,46
d3

lb/in2

76203,38
3
d

lb/in2

Perumusan mencari diameter poros :

[[

K fb Sy a
2
+3 ( avg )
Se

1/ 2

Sy
N

Safety factor (N) = 2

Shock factor for bending (Kfb) = 2 (profile quenched and drawn)
Shock factor for torsion (Kft) = 1,6 (profile quenched and drawn)
Dari tabel 3-2 hal 109 Machine Design, Deutschman didapatkan deviation multiplication

factor (DMF) for 95 % survival rate = 1,64

Reliability factor (CR) didapatkan dari perumusan CR = 1 - 0,08 (DMF)
CR = 1 - 0,08 (1,64) = 0,87
Dari fig 3-27 hal 110 Machine Design, Deutschman didapatkan size correction factor (CS)
= 0,85 untuk momen bending dan torsi spesimen dengan diameter poros perkiraan yang
digunakan sebesar 0,5 in 2 in.
(CS) = 0,7 untuk untuk momen bending dan torsi spesimen dengan diameter poros
perkiraan yang digunakan sebesar > 2 in.
Welding factor (Cw) = 1 untuk koreksi pengelasan dianggap tidak mempengaruhi.
Material yang dipilih adalah AISI 1050 CD

Sy = 104000 psi
Su = 114000 psi
Sn = 0,5 Su = 0,5 (114000) = 57000 psi
Cs = 0,7
Cf = 0,9 (commercially polished)
Ct = 1
Se = Cr . Cs . Cf . Cw . Ct . Sn = 31241,7 psi

[[

2 ( 104000 ) (75495,46)
76203,38 2
+3
(
)
31241,7 d 3
d3

1/2

2,15 in d (AMAN)
3. Perencanaan Poros 3
Data poros 3:

FHv

2
FJv
1
FIv

Analisa gaya pada bidang vertikal

1

(+) MI = 0
-FHv (0,5x) + FJv (x) = 0
FJv = 1231,61 lb
(+) Fv = 0
FIV - FHV + FJv = 0
FIV = 1231,61 lb
My1
x

Potongan 1-1
FIv

(+) M = 0

104000
2

-My1 + FIV x = 0
My1 = FIv x = 1231,61x
X1 = 0 in My1 = 0
X1 = 10 in My1 = 12316,1 lb-in
Potongan 2-2
2

My2

x
2

FJv

(+) M = 0
My2 = FJv x
My2 = 1231,61x
X2 = 0 in My2 = 0 lb-in
X2 = 10 in My2 = 12316,1 lb-in
Diagram bidang momen vertikal
12316,1
FHH
2
FJH
FIH

10

Analisa gaya pada bidang horizontal

1

20

(+) MI = 0
-FHH (0,5x) + FJH (x) = 0
FJH = 3790,5 lb
(+) Fv = 0
FIH - FHH FJH = 0
FIH = 3790,5 lb
Potongan 1-1
1
Mx1

x
FIH
M (+) = 0Mx1

-Mx1 + FIH x = 0
Mx1 = FIH x = 3790,5x
X1 = 0 in Mx1 = 0
X1 = 5 in Mx1 = 37905 lb-in
Potongan 2-2
2
Mx2
x
FJH

2
(+) M = 0
Mx2 FJH x = 0
Mx2 = FJHx = 37905 lb-in
X2 = 0 in Mx2 = 7049 lb-in
X2 = 5 in Mx2 = 6118 lb-in
37905

Diagram bidang momen horizontal

10

20

Momen bending
M=

(12316,1)2 (37905)2

= 39855,68 lb-in

T = 56857,5 lb-in

a =

avg =

32 M
d3
16 T
d3

32(39855,68)
d3

16 (56857,5)
3
d

405966,62
d3
289573,78
d3

lb/in2

lb/in2

Perumusan mencari diameter poros :

[[

K fb Sy a
2
+3 ( avg )
Se

1/ 2

Sy
N

Safety factor (N) = 2

Shock factor for bending (Kfb) = 2 (profile quenched and drawn)
Shock factor for torsion (Kft) = 1,6 (profile quenched and drawn)
Dari tabel 3-2 hal 109 Machine Design, Deutschman didapatkan deviation

multiplication factor (DMF) for 95 % survival rate = 1,64

Reliability factor (CR) didapatkan dari perumusan CR = 1 - 0,08 (DMF)
CR = 1 - 0,08 (1,64) = 0,87
Dari fig 3-27 hal 110 Machine Design, Deutschman didapatkan size correction factor
(CS) = 0,85 untuk momen bending dan torsi spesimen dengan diameter poros perkiraan
yang digunakan sebesar 0,5 in 2 in.
(CS) = 0,7 untuk untuk momen bending dan torsi spesimen dengan diameter poros
perkiraan yang digunakan sebesar > 2 in.
Welding factor (Cw) = 1 untuk koreksi pengelasan dianggap tidak mempengaruhi.
Material yang dipilih adalah AISI 1050 CD
Sy = 104000 psi
Su = 114000 psi
Sn = 0,5 Su = 0,5 (114000) = 57000 psi
Cs = 0,7
Cf = 0,9 (commercially polished)
Ct = 1

Se = Cr . Cs . Cf . Cw . Ct . Sn = 31241,7 psi

[[

2 ( 104000 ) (405966,62)
289573,78 2
+3
(
)
3
3
31241,7 d
d

2,22 in d (AMAN)

1/ 2

104000
2

BAB III
Perencanaan Bearing
1. Perencanaan Bearing pada Poros 1
Diketahui :
Diameter minimal poros 1 = 2,5 in
Putaran poros 1 = 500 rpm
Umur bantalan = 20.000 jam
Bantalan A
1. Gaya-gaya reaksi
Fr =
FAv

FAH

(363,91)2 +(1120 )2

Fr =

= 1177,64 lb

2. Beban equivalent
P = X . V. Fr + Y. Fa
Dimana :
X = Faktor gaya radial diasumsikan 0,56 (sudut = 0o)
V = Faktor rotasi diasumsikan 1 (inner rotating)
Y = Faktor gaya axial diasumsikan 1,55 (sudut = 0o)
P = (0,56) x (1) x (1177,64 lb)
P = 659,48 lb
3. Beban dinamik
C

L10 = P

10 6
x n.60

L10 .60.n.P b
106

L10 .60.n.P 3
106
=

C=

C=

20000 x 60 x 500 x 659,483

6
10

4. Bantalan yang digunakan

SKF *6010
Dimensi bantalan :
d = 50 mm
D = 80 mm
b = 16 mm
r fillet = 1 mm
Bantalan B

= 414837,56 N

1. Gaya-gaya reaksi
Fa = FBx = 0 lb
Fr =

FCv F 2
CH

(181,95)2 +(560)2

Fr =

= 588,81 lb

2. Beban equivalent
P = X . V. Fr + Y. Fa
Dimana :
X = Faktor gaya radial diasumsikan 1 (Fa = 0)
V = Faktor rotasi diasumsikan 1 (inner rotating)
Y = Faktor gaya axial diasumsikan 1,55 (sudut = 0o)
P = (0,56) x (1) x (588,81 lb)
P = 329,73 lb
3. Beban dinamik
C

L10 = P

10 6
x n.60

C=

L10 .60.n.P b
106

C=

L10 .60.n.P 3
106
=

20000 x 60 x 500 x 329,733

6
10

4. Bantalan yang digunakan

SKF *6010
Dimensi bantalan :
d = 50 mm
D = 80 mm
b = 16 mm
r fillet = 1 mm
2. Perencanaan Bearing pada Poros 2
Diketahui :
Diameter minimal poros 1 = 2,15 in
Putaran poros 1 = 100 rpm
Umur bantalan = 20.000 jam

= 146660,55 N

 Bantalan A
1. Gaya-gaya reaksi
Fr =
2

FDv F 2
DH

( 458,07)2 +(1409,8)2

Fr =

= 1482,35 lb

2. Beban equivalent
P = X . V. Fr + Y. Fa
Dimana :
X = Faktor gaya radial diasumsikan 0,56 (sudut = 0o)
V = Faktor rotasi diasumsikan 1 (inner rotating)
Y = Faktor gaya axial diasumsikan 1,55 (sudut = 0o)
P = (0,56) x (1) x (1482,35 lb)
P = 830,12 lb
3. Beban dinamik
C

L10 = P

10 6
x n.60

C=

L10 .60.n.P b
106

C=

L10 .60.n.P 3
106
=

20000 x 60 x 100 x 830,123

6
10

4. Bantalan yang digunakan

SKF *6010
Dimensi bantalan :
d = 50 mm
D = 80 mm
b = 16 mm
r fillet = 1 mm
Bantalan B
1. Gaya-gaya reaksi
Fr =

Fr =

FGv F 2
G,55)
x (1) x (H

(337,07)2 +(1037,4)2

= 1090,78 lb

= 262000,39 N

2. Beban equivalent
P = X . V. Fr + Y. Fa
Dimana :
X = Faktor gaya radial diasumsikan 1 (Fa = 0)
V = Faktor rotasi diasumsikan 1 (inner rotating)
Y = Faktor gaya axial diasumsikan 1,55 (sudut = 0o)
P = (0,56) x (1) x (1090,78 lb)
P = 610,84 lb
3. Beban dinamik
C

L10 = P

10 6
x n.60

L10 .60.n.P b
106

L10 .60.n.P 3
106
=

C=

C=

20000 x 60 x 500 x 610,843

6
10

4. Bantalan yang digunakan

SKF *6010
Dimensi bantalan :
d = 50 mm
D = 80 mm
b = 16 mm
r fillet = 1 mm
3. Perencanaan Bearing pada Poros 3
Diketahui :
Diameter minimal poros 1 = 2,22 in
Putaran poros 1 = 25 rpm
Umur bantalan = 20.000 jam
Bantalan A
1. Gaya-gaya reaksi
Fr =
FJv

FJH

= 369799,93 N

(1231,61)2 +(3790,5)2

Fr =

= 3985,57 lb

2. Beban equivalent
P = X . V. Fr + Y. Fa
Dimana :
X = Faktor gaya radial diasumsikan 0,56 (sudut = 0o)
V = Faktor rotasi diasumsikan 1 (inner rotating)
Y = Faktor gaya axial diasumsikan 1,55 (sudut = 0o)
P = (0,56) x (1) x (3985,57 lb)
P = 2231,92 lb
3. Beban dinamik
C

L10 = P

10 6
x n.60

C=

L10 .60.n.P b
106

C=

L10 .60.n.P 3
106
=

20000 x 60 x 25 x 2231,923
6
10

= 577534,62 N

4. Bantalan yang digunakan

SKF *6010
Dimensi bantalan :
d = 50 mm
D = 80 mm
b = 16 mm
r fillet = 1 mm
Bantalan B
1. Gaya-gaya reaksi
Fr =
FJv

Fr =

FJH

(1231,61)2 +(3790,5)2

= 3985,57 lb

2. Beban equivalent
P = X . V. Fr + Y. Fa
Dimana :
X = Faktor gaya radial diasumsikan 0,56 (sudut = 0o)

V = Faktor rotasi diasumsikan 1 (inner rotating)

Y = Faktor gaya axial diasumsikan 1,55 (sudut = 0o)
P = (0,56) x (1) x (3985,57 lb)
P = 2231,92 lb
3. Beban dinamik
C

L10 = P

10 6
x n.60

C=

L10 .60.n.P b
106

C=

L10 .60.n.P 3
106
=

20000 x 60 x 25 x 2231,923
6
10

4. Bantalan yang digunakan

SKF *6010
Dimensi bantalan :
d = 50 mm
D = 80 mm
b = 16 mm
r fillet = 1 mm

= 577534,62 N