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Physiology Lecture - Dr. Dominguez: Rapid Transmission of Action Potential
Physiology Lecture - Dr. Dominguez: Rapid Transmission of Action Potential
CARDIAC CONDUCTION
1. SA node
a. Pacemaker of the heart- controls
rate of beating of the entire
heart; highest firing rate (60-100
bpm)
b. With greatest automaticity and
rhythmicity
CLINICAL CORRELATION
1. Sympathetic effect: increased permeability
to Na and Ca thus increasing slope of slow
diastolic depolarization
- More positive RMP of SA node
- Increased rate of SA node discharge
- Increased rate of conduction and excitability
of A-V node
- Increased force of contraction
2. Parasympathetic effect/ increased vagal
activity: increased permeability to potassium
thus hyperpolarizing pacemaker cell
membrane and reducing slope of slow
diastolic depolarization
3. Quinidine and procainamide
(antiarrhythmics) raise threshold value to
less negative values
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY
CARDIAC VECTOR
- vector sum of all cardiac electrical activity
at any moment
- orientation of vector represents mean
electrical axis of the heart in the frontal plane
QRS in
LEAD I
^
QRS in
LEAD II
^
QRS in
LEAD III
^
small ^
/v