ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

Assignment 1 Report
1.

Student Details

Student name:
Student number:

3.

Streamflow Data

BASIC STREAMGAUGE DATA

Provide a table of the basic gauge information

Station 422313B
Sr. No
1.

Location (Lat / Long)

2.
3.
4.
5.

Catchment area
When stream-gauging started
When rainfall measurements started
Maximum observed instantaneous
discharge and when this occurred
Maximum observed daily total rainfall
and when this occurred

6.

Description

Information
Lat: 2813'44.0"S, Long: 15213'38.0"E
148 sq. km
01/10/1972
10/04/1990
689.261 (Cumecs); 28/01/2013
190.0 mm; 19/12/2014

Provide a photograph of the control weir

Hydraulic Control and associated Rating Curve.

Provide an image showing the creek cross section at the Stream-gauge

1|P a g e

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

Provide an image of the rating curve and answer the gauging questions.

2|P a g e

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

Gaugings have been done to the end of 2013

161

What is the highest gauging (level and discharge)

Gauge Height = 3.550 m, 03/02/2001
Discharge = 48.665 (cumecs)

The highest recorded flood was 689.261 (cumecs), 28/01/2013

Make a comment of the adequacy of the rating curve based on this information.

The development of a rating curve involves two steps. In the first step the relationship between stage
and discharge is established by measuring the stage and corresponding discharge in the river. And in
the second part, stage of river is measured and discharge is calculated by using the relationship
established in the first part. Stage is measured by reading a gauge installed in the river. If the stagedischarge relationship does not change with time, it is called permanent control. If the relationship
does change, it is called shifting control. Shifting control is usually due to erosion or deposition of
sediment at the stage measurement site. Bedrock-bottomed parts of rivers or concrete/metal weirs or
structures are often, though not always, permanent controls.
The rating curve shows that with increase in the stage will also increase the discharge at the station.
After year 2000 the stage increase which exhibits the real case at site as the flood discharge in the year
2013 was very high.
MISSING DATA
Provide a monthly discharge time-series plot and state the % of missing data

3|P a g e

No. of
Years

Year

Peak
Discharge

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

1973/74
1974/75
1975/76
1976/77
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92

238.00
74.86
341.58
13.40
4.36
36.86
21.28
9.95
106.15
206.31
195.98
25.81
0.28
21.06
198.32
116.38
50.39
67.07
11.16

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15

0.61
3.52
1.09
528.29
19.43
34.65
94.51
37.38
168.35
7.76
1.48
49.89
24.06
4.59
0.08
367.88
11.27
111.96
601.60
39.50
689.05
130.29
58.74

Time Series plot of monthly peak discharge. 1973/74 to 2014/15 (October-September). 42 years

Peak Discharge
800.00
600.00
Time-Series Plot
Peak Annual Discharge 400.00
200.00
0.00
0

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Years

4|P a g e

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

There are only two months with discharge code 255.

There are 40 water years to analysis the annual series FFA. This is adequate with good data. Only
two month have missing data which can be ignored as they are very small.
% missing data = 2/ 504
= 0.004
= 0.4% of the total data

4.

Annual Series Flood Frequency Analysis

ANNUAL SERIES ANALYSIS

Provide a table of the water years in chronological order with the peak discharge for each year

5|P a g e

Year

Q
(m^3/
s)

Rank

Plotting
Position

2012/13
2010/11
1995/96
2007/08
1975/76
1973/74
1982/83
1987/88
1983/84
2000/01
2013/14
1988/89
2009/10
1981/82
1998/99
1974/75
1990/91
2014/15
1989/90
2003/04
2011/12
1999/00
1978/79
1997/98
1984/85
2004/05
1979/80
1986/87

689.1
601.6
528.3
367.9
341.6
238.0
206.3
198.3
196.0
168.3
130.3
116.4
112.0
106.2
94.5
74.9
67.1
58.7
50.4
49.9
39.5
37.4
36.9
34.7
25.8
24.1
21.3
21.1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

1.4
3.8
6.2
8.5
10.9
13.3
15.6
18.0
20.4
22.7
25.1
27.5
29.9
32.2
34.6
37.0
39.3
41.7
44.1
46.4
48.8
51.2
53.6
55.9
58.3
60.7
63.0
65.4

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

1996/97
1976/77
2008/09
1991/92
1980/81
2001/02
2005/06
1977/78
1993/94
2002/03
1994/95
1992/93
1985/86
2006/07

19.4
13.4
11.3
11.2
10.0
7.8
4.6
4.4
3.5
1.5
1.1
0.6
0.3
0.1

29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

67.8
70.1
72.5
74.9
77.3
79.6
82.0
84.4
86.7
89.1
91.5
93.8
96.2
98.6

The number of months of missing data for each year. Highlight the water years when the
amount of missing data is unacceptable.
There are only two months with 255 code and two months with 180 codes.
In year water year 1973/74 two months October and September have missing data with code
255 and in water year 1984/85 the month of August and September are the only two months
with code 180 have missing data. But there is no water year when the amount of missing data is
unacceptable because according AR&R 87 if there isnt four months data missing in a particular
water year then the data for that year can be considered.

Table the Annual Series discharges, ranked in order. State the number of water years (N)
included in the Annual Series, allowing for missing data.
Water Years = 42

Year

6|P a g e

Rank

Plotting
Position

2012/13

Q
(m^3/
s)
689.1

1.4

2010/11

601.6

3.8

1995/96

528.3

6.2

2007/08

367.9

8.5

1975/76

341.6

10.9

1973/74

238.0

13.3

1982/83

206.3

15.6

1987/88

198.3

18.0

1983/84

196.0

20.4

2000/01

168.3

10

22.7

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

7|P a g e

2013/14

130.3

11

25.1

1988/89

116.4

12

27.5

2009/10

112.0

13

29.9

1981/82

106.2

14

32.2

1998/99

94.5

15

34.6

1974/75

74.9

16

37.0

1990/91

67.1

17

39.3

2014/15

58.7

18

41.7

1989/90

50.4

19

44.1

2003/04

49.9

20

46.4

2011/12

39.5

21

48.8

1999/00

37.4

22

51.2

1978/79

36.9

23

53.6

1997/98

34.7

24

55.9

1984/85

25.8

25

58.3

2004/05

24.1

26

60.7

1979/80

21.3

27

63.0

1986/87

21.1

28

65.4

1996/97

19.4

29

67.8

1976/77

13.4

30

70.1

2008/09

11.3

31

72.5

1991/92

11.2

32

74.9

1980/81

10.0

33

77.3

2001/02

7.8

34

79.6

2005/06

4.6

35

82.0

1977/78

4.4

36

84.4

1993/94

3.5

37

86.7

2002/03

1.5

38

89.1

1994/95

1.1

39

91.5

1992/93

0.6

40

93.8

1985/86

0.3

41

96.2

2006/07

0.1

42

98.6

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

Tabulate the
statistics (mean
of
skew) for both
without the

Mean = 1.49
Standard Deviation =
Skew = -0.87 (Skew
b) Without 9 Floods
The total water years
after excluding 9 years
Water Years = 33

8|P a g e

LP3 Fit
log
(Q)
2.84
2.78
2.72
2.57
2.53
2.38
2.31
2.30
2.29
2.23
2.11
2.07
2.05
2.03
1.98
1.87
1.83
1.77
1.70
log
1.70
Q
2.84
1.60
1.57
2.78
1.57
2.72
1.54
2.57
1.41
2.53
1.38
2.38
1.33
2.31
1.32
2.30
1.29
2.29
1.13
2.23
1.05
2.11
1.05
2.07
1.00
2.05
0.89
2.03
0.66
1.98
0.64
1.87
0.55
1.83
0.17
0.04
-0.21
-0.55
-1.08
62.39

(Log(Q)M)^2
1.83
1.67
1.53
1.17
1.10
0.79
0.69
0.66
0.65
0.55
0.40
0.34
0.32
0.29
0.24
0.15
0.12
LP3 Fit
0.08
0.05
(LogQ0.05
M)^2
0.96
0.01
0.01
0.85
0.01
0.75
0.00
0.50
0.01
0.46
0.01
0.27
0.02
0.21
0.03
0.19
0.04
0.19
0.13
0.14
0.19
0.07
0.19
0.04
0.24
0.04
0.35
0.03
0.68
0.01
0.72
0.00
0.88
0.00
1.73

(Log(Q)M)^3
2.48
2.17
1.89
1.26
1.15
0.71
0.57
0.54
0.53
0.41
0.25
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.12
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.01
(LogQ0.01
M)^3
0.94
0.00
0.00
0.78
0.00
0.65
0.00
0.36
0.00
0.31
0.00
0.14
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.09
-0.01
0.08
-0.05
0.05
-0.08
0.02
-0.08
0.01
-0.12
0.01
-0.21
0.00
-0.56
0.00
-0.61
0.00
-0.83
0.00
-2.28

2.10
2.88
4.14
6.56

-3.03
-4.90
-8.41
-16.80

33.58

-25.23

Annual Series
and standard deviation
log(discharges) and
cases of with and
lowest 9 floods.

0.91
value is negative)

will be reduce to 33
of lowest floods.

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

1.77
1.70
1.70
1.60
1.57
1.57
1.54
1.41
1.38
1.33
1.32
1.29
1.13
1.05
1.05
1.00

0.01
0.02
0.03
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.10
0.20
0.23
0.28
0.28
0.32
0.53
0.65
0.66
0.74

0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.03
-0.09
-0.11
-0.15
-0.15
-0.18
-0.39
-0.52
-0.53
-0.63

61.28

8.99

0.68

Mean = 1.857
Standard Deviation = 0.530
Skew = 0.151 (Skew is now positive.)

Provide graphs of the Annual Series, fitted LP3 distribution and 5% & 95% confidence limits for
both cases of with and without the lowest 9 floods.
LP3 5% , 95%

KY

9
9
9
5
9
0
8
0
5
0
2
0
1
0
5
2
1

2.9
1.9
1.3
0.8
0.1

Log 5% Q

5% Q

Log 95% Q

95% Q

-0.1

0.8

-2.2

0.0

2.6

0.4

2.5

-0.8

0.2

1.9

1.9

0.7

5.1

-0.2

0.7

0.8

6.1

1.4

1.1

13.0

0.5

2.9

1.6

41.2

1.1

1.9

75.5

1.4

22.5

0.9

2.3

181.5

0.9

2.5

291.4

2.1

113.1

1.2

2.5

337.8

0.9

2.7

554.1

2.3

206.0

1.4
1.6
1.7

2.7
2.9
3.0

524.5
799.5
1017.7

1.2
1.8
2.3

3.0
3.3
3.5

1007.7
2077.3
3385.5

2.4
2.5
2.5

273.0
307.7
305.9

9|P a g e

Log
Q
-1.2

Q
0.1

delt
a
4.6

-0.2

0.6

0.3

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

10000
1000
100
10
Q (m3/s)
1
0.1

LP3
5% Confidence Limit
95% Confidence Limit

0.01
0
(AEP) %

b) Without 9 Floods
LP3 5% , 95%
Y

KY

9
9
9
5
9
0
8
0
5
0
2
0
1
0
5
2
1

2.24
1.70
1.40
0.89
0.03
0.90

Log 5% Q

5% Q

Log 95% Q

95% Q

4.67

delt
a
2.50

1.05

11.21

0.29

1.95

0.96

9.04

1.61

1.20

15.86

0.71

5.15

1.11

13.03

1.24

1.30

20.10

0.93

8.45

1.39

24.28

1.14

1.56

36.17

1.21

16.30

1.84

69.78

1.01

2.00

99.32

1.69

49.03

2.34

216.58

1.22

2.52

331.15

2.15

141.65

1.30

2.55

352.02

1.54

2.78

602.99

2.31

205.51

1.64
2.20
2.50

2.73
3.02
3.18

532.41
1054.55
1522.68

1.79
2.49
2.94

3.00
3.40
3.63

995.25
2517.67
4254.41

2.45
2.65
2.74

284.82
441.71
544.98

10 | P a g e

Log
Q
0.67

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

10000

1000

Discharge, Q (m3/s)

100

Annual Series Data

LP3

5% Confidence Limit

95% Confidence Limit

10

1 1 1
1
1 1 1 1 1
Annual Exceedence Probability (AEP) %

Report the design discharge estimates for the specified ARIs for both cases of with and without
the lowest 9 floods
ARI
(years)
2
5
10
20
50
100

Q
(m3/s)
41
182
338
524
799
1018

b) Without 9 Floods
ARI
(years)
2
5
10
20
50
100

11 | P a g e

Q
(m3/s)
69.8
216.6
352.0
532.4
1054.6
1522.7

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

5.

Partial Series Flood Frequency Analysis

PARTIAL SERIES ANALYSIS

State the number of floods (K) included in Partial Series and the corresponding discharge
threshold.
Q
Rank
ARI
(m3/s)
689.1
1
70.33
The number of floods selected for this Partial series
601.6
2
26.38
is equal to number of water years
528.3
3
16.23
So K = N = 42
Therefore the threshold discharge or the discharge
497.6
4
11.72
that is ranked 42nd is 25.8m^3/s
367.9
5
9.17
341.6
257.4
238.0
206.3
198.3
196.0
168.3
133.6
130.3
118.7
116.4
112.0
106.2
94.5
75.1
74.9
67.1
58.7
51.4
50.4
49.9
47.7
46.6
44.0
43.5
40.1
39.5
38.9
The
37.4
36.9
34.7
34.0
32.2
30.3
12 | P a g e
28.8
28.3
25.8

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

7.54
6.39
5.55
4.91
4.40
3.98
3.64
3.35
3.10
2.89
2.71
2.54
2.40
2.27
2.15
2.05
1.95
1.87
1.79
1.72
1.65
1.59
1.53
1.48
1.43
1.38
1.34
1.29
1.26
1.22
1.19
1.15
1.12
1.09
1.07
1.04
1.01

Table the Partial Series discharges, ranked in order. Show

the rank, the month and the peak discharge.

Provide a regression plot with fitted

equation. Report the floods that were excluded from the
regression.
Y = 172.0ln(x)-23.7
Out of total floods 504, only 42 flood discharges were
selected for the analysis.
Regression Coefficients
a = 172
b= -23.7
discharges in the box are included in the regression rest are
excluded.

Provide a Partial Series frequency chart

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

6.

Report the design discharge estimates for the specified ARIs.

ARI
(years)
2
5
10
20
50

Q
(m3/s)
96
253.4
372.7
492.0
650

100

769.1

RFFE design discharge estimates

Provide a catchment plan showing the catchment boundary and centroid for Emu Creek upstream
of the streamgauge
20 marks

13 | P a g e

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

EMU CREEK

State the key information to use RFFE, including the centroid and streamgauge coordinates, and
catchment area.

Longitude: 15213'38.0"E,
Latitude: 2813'44.0"S of EMU Creek Station.
Lat/ Long of Centroid of Catchment Area.
Centroid: Latitude: 281125S, Longitude:1521617.9 E
Catchment Area = 150 Km2

Table the RFFE design discharge estimates for the specified ARIs

14 | P a g e

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

7.

ARI (years)

Q (m3/s)

2
5
10
20
50
100

26.200
76.80
135.00
212.00
355.00
506.00

Assessment of January 2011 flood rainfalls

Provide plots of the January 2011 flood hydrograph and rainfall from the Water Portal

Flood Hydrograph for the January 2011 flood is given below:

15 | P a g e

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

This plot is between discharges measured throughout the month of January in year 2011. On 11th of
January 2011 after a little higher flood on the 10th January it can be measured as 620 m^3/sec
Rainfall Plot for January 2011
Rainfall data can easily be interpreted from the given plot. It is noted that the given plot is prepared
with the help of online water monitoring custom portal.

15 minutes rainfall plot for the above given flood is given below:

16 | P a g e

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

Source: water monitoring portal.

2013 AR&R IFD Gauge Data:

The data description for the station EMU Creek 422313B is below as:

Provide an IFD rainfall depth table covering ARIs from 1 to 100 years and
durations from 1 to 24 hours at the gauge location, including the time of
concentration values

17 | P a g e

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

Calculation of Time Concentration:

Time calculated as given below:

t=a Ab
Where,

t = Time of Concentration for Catchment Area

A = Catchment Area = 148 sq.Km.

18 | P a g e

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

a, b = constants dependent upon the region
For Queensland a, b are calculated from Weeks Method and is given as:
a = 0.76
b = 0.38
Putting this value in the above equation of time of concentration will result in:

t c =a A

t c =0.76 x 1480.38
t c =5.05 hours
IFD Design Rainfall Depth Chart:
This chart contains the rainfall depths in mm on the y-axis and Duration in given along x-axis.

Taking time of concentration to 6 5.05 hours we can easily estimate the

approximate AEP of the rainfall by interpolation between the 6 hours and 3
hours.

19 | P a g e

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

Give the following details of the January 2011 storm associated with the flood peak: total
rainfall for the two-day rainfall event, the observed rainfall intensity corresponding to the
time of concentration of the catchment, the AEP of this rainfall intensity and the approximate
AEP of the peak flood discharge

20 | P a g e

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

ARI

24 hour I (2013
IFD)
46.2
61.1
73.9
84.1
100.2
111.3

2
5
6
20
50
100

140

120

100

80
Q (m3/s)
60

40

20

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

ARI (years)

21 | P a g e

70

80

90

100

110

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

8.

Selection of design discharge estimates

Compile the design discharge estimates in a single table

ARI (years)
2
5
10
20
50
100

Annual FFA
41.2
181.5
337.8
524.5
799.5
1017.7

Annual FFA without Low 9 Floods

69.8
216.6
352.0
532.4
1054.6
1522.7

Partial FFA
95.7
253.4
372.7
492.0
649.8
769.1

RFFE
26.2
76.8
135.0
212.0
355.0
506.0

Plot the estimates on linear ARI-Q scale (include also the selected design discharges, from the
next step)
1600

1400

1200
Annual FFA
1000

Q (m3/s)

Annual FFA without Lowest 9 Floods

Partial FFA

RFFE

800

600

400
Selected Discharge
200

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

, ARI (years)

Table your selected design discharge estimate for each ARI and provide statements to justify

22 | P a g e

ENV3105 Hydrology 2016

your selection

ARI (years)
2
5
10
20
50
100

Selected Discharge
(m3/s)
26.20
76.80
135.00
212.00
355.00
506.00

Reason:
Region flood frequency estimates are considered to be the most accurate out of all the methods.
This method has been used in Rahman et al., 2001. He also accredits the significance and accuracy of
this method. Other methods like annual FFA without 9 lowest floods drastically increases the
discharges that show that these discharges arent that correct.

References:
Queensland Government Water Monitoring information Portal,
http://watermonitoring.derm.qld.gov.au/host.htm
Regional Flood Frequency Estimates, http://rffe.arr.org.au/.
AR&R1987 study material.

23 | P a g e