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Nsci Exam 3 Study Sheet
Nsci Exam 3 Study Sheet
Nsci Exam 3 Study Sheet
RECEPTION (2)
dendrites bring info to cell body
distinct receptive field for each receptor
TRANSDUCTION (3)
different for each type of stimulus
MECHANORECEPTORS
pressure opens ion channels OR attachment to
extracellular/cytoskeletal proteins that stretch ion
channels open
greater stimulus = greater # of receptor potentials
intensity of perception proportional to firing rate
superficial receptors generally have small
receptive fields and vice versa
adaptation rate
slow adapting = sustained response
fast adapting = respond to onset and offset only
Mechanoreceptor SUBTYPES
Meissners corpuscles rapidly adapting, small
receptive field, less sensitive to vibration,
receptive to low frequencies
Pacinian corpuscles rapidly adapting, large
receptive field, extremely sensitive to vibration,
receptive to high frequencies
Raffinis endings slow adapting, large receptive
field
Merkels disks slow adapting, small receptive
field
THERMORECEPTORS
TRP receptors hot and cold
G-protein coupled receptors
each is sensitive to a diff. temperature range
acclimate to a sustained temperature
NOCICEPTORS
react to harmful extreme stimuli like heat,
chemicals, high pressure, cold
TRANSMISSION (4)
AXON SUBTYPES
A most myelinated, proprioception in skeletal
muscle
A 2nd most myelinated, skin mechanoreceptors
A least myelinated, pain and temperature
reception
C unmyelinated, temperature, pain, and itch
reception
Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) all cell bodies for body
senses (unipolar), axons connect to dorsal horn of
spinal cord
PATHWAYS
Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscal Pathway (DCML)
A and A (some A) fibers
axon goes straight to brain (doesnt synapse w/
spinal cord)
goes to medulla (which has dorsal column
nuclei)
at the dorsal column nucleus, it synapses with
the medial lemniscus which then synapses onto
the thalamus
Spino-thalamic tract C fibers (also some A
fibers)
C fibers primarily synapse at dorsal horn, some
synapse at other parts of the spinal cord
spinal cord then goes to the thalamus
2 dorsal ganglia left and right
TRANSCDUCTION (3)
Photoreceptors
lots of extra membrane on outer segment to carry
lots of rhodopsin (which changes shape when hit
by light)
light causes Na+ channels to close so the receptor
hyperpolarizes
Na+ channels open in the dark via cGMP
SIGNALING CASCADE
rhodopsin activates transducin (G protein)
transducin activates cGMPphosphodiesterase
(cGMPPDE)
cGMPPDE closes Na+ channels by degrading
cGMP
RODS bleach at low light, periphery of retina
CONES bleach at high light, fovea of retina
TRANSMISSION (4)
Bipolar cells
receive graded glutamatergic input from
photoreceptors
graded response (no action potentials)
can be on or off
Lateral inhibition
direct transmission from photoreceptors to bipolar
cells in the center on or off, glutamatergic
synapse (excitatory)
indirect transmission from photoreceptors to
horizontal cells to bipolar cells in surrounding area
reverses center response, GABAergic synapse
(inhibitory)
Ganglion Cells
receive graded input from bipolar cells