. , M.A.,M.Phil.,B.Ed.,PGDCA.

,
... , .

10
9
8

(- ,+)

X
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -10

5
4

(+,+)

2
1
1
-1

X
2

-2
-3
-4

-5

(- ,-)

-7

-6
-8
-9
-10

(+, -)

10
9

8
7
6
5
4
3

(3,5)
(-4,5)
(-6,-5)
(5,-6)

X
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -10

1
1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10

X
2

10
9
8

Y=7

7
6

X=0
Y=4 5
4

X = -5
X = -7

X=6

X=3

3
2

Y=0

X
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

Y = -3

1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6

Y = -8

-7
-8
-9
-10

X
6

10
9
8
7
6
5

X
Y

-2
2

-5
0

4
3

(-2, 2)
X

(-5, 0)

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10

X
2

10
9
8
7
6
5

X
Y

5
0

0
4

(0, 4)

4
3
2

(5, 0)

X
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10

X
7

10
9
8
7
6
5

X
Y

-6
0

0
-5

4
3
2

(-6, 0)

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

1
-1

X
2

-2
-3
-4

-5 (0,
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10

-5)

10
9
8
7
6

(-4, 4)

X
Y

7
4

-4 -4
4

-2

(7, 4)

4
3
2

7
-2

X
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

1
-1

X
2

-2

(-4, -2)

-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10

(7, -2)

10
9
8
7
6

(-4, 4)

X
Y

2
4

-4 -4
4

-2

(2, 4)

4
3
2

2
-2

X
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

1
-1

X
2

-2

(-4, -2)

-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10

(2, -2)

10
9
8
7
6

(-1, 4)

X
Y

-1 -4
4

-2

2
-2

5
4
3
2
1

X
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

1
-1

X
2

-2

(-4, -2)

-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10

(2, -2)

10
9
8
7
6

X
Y

-4
4

-4
-2

6
-2

(-4, 4)

4
3
2
1

X
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

1
-1

X
2

-2

(-4, -2)

-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10

(6, -2)

(0,-1) (3,-1) (5,4) (5,6) (4,8)(3,9)

(0,9) (-1,8) (-2,6) (-2,4)
(1,5) (0,7) (-1,7) (-1,6)
(2,5) (4,6) (4,7) (3,7)
(1,2) (2,2) (2,3) (1,3)
(2,0) (3,1) (0,1) (1,0)

Y
10
(0,9)

(3,9)
(4,8)
(-1,8) (0,7)
8
(3,7)(4,7)
7
(-1,7)
(-2,6)
(5,6)
6
(-1,6)
(4,6)
5
(1,5) (2,5)
(-2,4)
(5,4)
4
(1,3)
(2,3)
9

(0,-1) (3,-1) (5,4) (5,6) (4,8)

(3,9) (0,9) (-1,8) (-2,6) (-2,4)
(1,5) (0,7) (-1,7) (-1,6)

2
(1,2)
(0,1) 1

(2,5) (4,6) (4,7) (3,7)

(1,2) (2,2) (2,3) (1,3)
(2,0) (3,1) (0,1) (1,0)

X
-9 -8

-7 -6 -5

-4

(1,0)
-2 0 -1 1
(0,-1) -1

-3

-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9

-10

(2,2)
(3,1)
(2,0)
3

(3,-1)

X
5

Y
10
(0,9)

(3,9)
(4,8)
(-1,8) (0,7)
8
(3,7)(4,7)
7
(-1,7)
(-2,6)
(5,6)
6
(-1,6)
(4,6)
5
(1,5) (2,5)
(-2,4)
(5,4)
4
(1,3)
(2,3)
9

2
(1,2)
(0,1) 1

X
-9 -8

-7 -6 -5

-4

(1,0)
-2 0 -1 1
(0,-1) -1

-3

-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9

-10

(2,2)
(3,1)
(2,0)
3

(3,-1)

X
5


.
(0,6), (2,7), (2,10), (3,11), (5,12), (9,10),
(9,9), (6,9), (9,8), (8,7), (6,8), (5,6), (6,4),
(6,3), (7,3), (8,4), (8,3), (7,2), (5,1), (7,1),
(8,2), (8,1), (7,0),
(4,-1), (2,-4), (2,-7), (3,-11), (4,-12),
(4,-13), (1,-12), (1,-11), (0,-7), (0,-5)
(-1,-6), (-2,-9), (-1,-11), (0,-12),
(0,-13), (-3,-12), (-3,-11), (-4,-9), (-4,-6),
(-6,-7), (-8,-10), (-8,-11), (-7,-12), (-3,-13),
(-8,-13), (-10,-11), (-9,-8), (-8,-6), (-6,-3),
(-5,1), (-4,3), (-2,5), (0,6).

15
14

(0,6), (2,7), (2,10), (3,11), (5,12), (9,10),

(9,9), (6,9), (9,8), (8,7), (6,8), (5,6), (6,4),
(6,3), (7,3), (8,4), (8,3), (7,2), (5,1), (7,1),
(8,2), (8,1), (7,0),

2)
,1
(5

13

(3,1
1)
(11
2,10
)
12

)
10
,
(9

10

(6,9)
(6,8)

(4,-1), (2,-4), (2,-7), (3,-11), (4,-12),

(4,-13), (1,-12), (1,-11), (0,-7), (0,-5)

(82,7
7

(0,6)

(8,7)

(6,4)

(-4,3)

(6,3)
(7,3)
(7,2)
(5,1)
(7,1)

3
2

(-5,1)

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

(-5,1), (-4,3), (-2,5), (0,6).

10 2
1

(-6,-3)
(-4
,-6
)

(-6
,-7
)

(0,-5)

(-1,6)

(2,-4)

5
6

(2,-7)
7
(0,-7)
8

(-2,-9)

(-4,-9)

9
10

(-8,-10)
(-8,-11) (-3,-11)
(-7,-12) (-3,-12)
(-8,-13)

(-9,-8)

(-10,-11)

(4,-1)

(-8,-6)

(9,8)

(5,6)

(-2,5)

(-1,-6), (-2,-9), (-1,-11), (0,-12),

(0,-13), (-3,-12), (-3,-11), (-4,-9), (-4,-6),
(-6,-7), (-8,-10), (-8,-11), (-7,-12), (-3,-13),
(-8,-13), (-10,-11), (-9,-8), (-8,-6), (-6,-3),

(9,9)

(-1,-11)
(0,-12)

(-3,-13)

11(1,-11)
12(1,-12)

(0,-13)
13

(3,-11)
(4,-12)
(4,-13)

(8,4)
(8,3)
(8,1)

9 10
(7,0)

15
14

2)
,1
(5

13

(3,1
1)
(11
2,10
)
12

)
10
,
(9

10

(6,9)
(6,8)

(82,7
7

(0,6)

(8,7)

(6,4)

(-4,3)

(6,3)
(7,3)
(7,2)
(5,1)
(7,1)

3
2

(-5,1)

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 2
1

(-6,-3)
(-4
,-6
)

(-6
,-7
)

(-1,-

(0,-5)

6)

(2,-4)

5
6

(2,-7)
7
(0,-7)
8

(-2,-9)

(-4,-9)

9
10

(-8,-10)
(-8,-11) (-3,-11)
(-7,-12) (-3,-12)
(-8,-13)

(-9,-8)

(-10,-11)

(4,-1)

(-8,-6)

(9,8)

(5,6)

(-2,5)

(9,9)

(-1,-11)
(0,-12)

(-3,-13)

11(1,-11)
12(1,-12)

(0,-13)
13

(3,-11)
(4,-12)
(4,-13)

(8,4)
(8,3)
(8,1)

9 10
(7,0)