TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 9139:2012
CNG TRNH THY LI KT CU B TNG, B TNG CT THP VNG VEN BIN - YU
CU K THUT
Hydraulic Structures - Concrete and reintorced concrete Structures in coastal areas - Technical
Specitications
Li ni u
TCVN 9139:2012 c chuyn i t 14TCN 142 - 2004 theo quy nh ti khon 1 iu 69 ca
Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im a khon 1 iu 7 Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP
ngy 1/8/2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy
chun k thut.
TCVN 9139:2012 do Vin Khoa hc Thy li Vit Nam bin son, B Nng nghip v Pht trin
Nng thn ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng
ngh cng b.
CNG TRNH THY LI KT CU B TNG, B TNG CT THP VNG VEN BIN YU CU K THUT
Hydraulic Structures - Concrete and reintorced concrete Structures in coastal areas Technical Specitications
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh nhng yu cu v thit k, la chn vt liu, thi cng, vn hnh v bo
dng cc kt cu b tng, b tng ct thp cng trnh thy li xy dng trong vng chua phn,
mn (gi tt l vng ven bin) nhm bo v, chng n mn v nng cao tui th ca cng trnh.
Tiu chun ny p dng cho tt c cc cng trnh thy li xy dng t b tng v b tng ct
thp trong vng ven bin ca Vit Nam. Cc n v c lin quan khi thit k, thi cng, qun l vn
hnh cc cng trnh thy li trong vng ven bin ngoi vic tun th cc quy nh trong tiu
chun ny, cn phi tun th cc tiu chun, quy chun v cc vn bn Quy phm php lut hin
hnh c lin quan.
2. Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau rt cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin
dn ghi nm cng b th p dng phin bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi
nm cng b th p dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c sa i, b sung (nu c).
TCVN 1651:2008, Thp ct b tng cn nng.
TCVN 2682:2009, Xi mng pooclng - Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 3105:1993, B tng nng - Phng php xc nh chng thm nc.
TCVN 3118:1993, B tng nng - Phng php xc nh ht nc.
TCVN 4033:1995, Xi mng pooclng - Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 4316:2007, Xi mng pooclng x l cao Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 4453:1998, Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp ton khi - Quy phm thi cng v nghim
thu.
TCVN 5592:1991, Bo dng b tng - Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 6067:2004, Xi mng pooclng bn sunfat - Yu cu k thut.

TCVN 6260:2009, Xi mng pooclng hn hp - Yu cu k thut.

TCVN 7570:2006, Ct liu cho b tng v va Yu cu k thut.
3. Thut ng v nh ngha
3.1. Nc mn (salt - water)
Nc c cha mui natri clorua (NaCI) ha tan vi hm lng t 3 g/l n 10 g/l.
3.2. Nc chua phn (aliminous water)
Nc chu nh hng ca t chua phn. t chua phn c c trng bi tng B 20 cm c
ch s pH 3,5 v tng C 60 cm c hm lng lu hunh S 0,75 %.
3.3. Nc bin (sea water)
Nc bin thng thng cha trung bnh khong 3,5 % cc mui ha tan gm: NaCI 2,73 %;
MgCI2 32 %; MgSO4 0,22 %; CaSO4 0,13 %; cn li l KCl v K2SO4. Ngoi ra cn mt lng nh
CO2 v O2 ha tan.
3.4. Vng trn b (shore area)
Vng nm trong khong t 0 km n 1 km tnh t mp nc.
3.5. Vng gn b bin (near- shore area)
Vng nm trong khong t 1 km n 20 km cch mp nc bin.
3.6. Vng xa b bin (off -shore area)
Vng nm ngoi khong 20 km tnh t mp nc bin vo t lin.
3.7. Vng nc mn thay i (tidal area)
Vng mc nc bin ln xung thng xuyn, c tnh xm thc mnh nht i vi b tng v b
tng ct thp.
3.8. Vng ngp mn (seawater - in undated area)
Vng lun lun ngp nc bin c tnh n mn mnh i vi b tng v b tng ct thp.
3.9. Vng kh quyn bin (marine atmospheric area)
Vng kh hu bin nm trn mt nc bin, ch yu gy n mn ct thp vi mc gim dn
theo c ly cch mp b bin tr vo t lin.
4. Phn loi cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp cng trnh thy li theo iu kin tip
xc vi mi trng xm thc
Cn c vo mi trng lm vic ca cc cng trnh thy li vng ven bin, cc kt cu b tng
v b tng ct thp c phn loi theo v tr tip xc nh sau:
4.1. Cc kt cu lm vic vng nc mn
4.1.1. Cc kt cu lm vic vng nc ngp mn
Cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp nm ngp hon ton trong nc bin.
4.1.2. Cc kt cu lm vic trong vng nc mn thay i
Cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp nm gia mc nc ln xung ca thy triu, k c
vng sng leo.
4.1.3. Cc kt cu lm vic trong vng kh quyn bin
Cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp nm trong khng kh (bao gm cc vng kh quyn trn
mt bin, gn b v xa b).
4.2. Cc kt cu lm vic trong vng chua phn

4.2.1. Cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp nm trong vng ngp nc chua phn

Cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp nm ngp hon ton trong nc chua phn.
4.2.2. Cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp nm trong vng mc nc chua phn thay
i
Cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp nm gia mc nc chua phn ln v xung.
4.2.3. Cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp nm trong khng kh vng nc chua phn
Cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp nm trong khng kh ti vng c nc chua phn.
5. Cc quy nh v thit k, la chn vt liu, thi cng v vn hnh cng trnh
5.1. Quy nh chung
Khi thit k, la chn vt liu, thi cng v vn hnh cc cng trnh thy li xy dng t b tng
v b tng ct thp trong vng ven bin phi m bo s dng vt liu khng b n mn, b tng
c chc s dng cng trnh ng cng nng nh thit k quy nh.
5.2. Cng tc thit k
5.2.1. Mc b tng, mc chng thm ca b tng, chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp, m
rng ca vt nt v cu to b mt kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp cng trnh thy li xy
dng trong vng mn: ti thiu phi m bo quy nh ti Bng 1.
Bng 1 - Cc yu cu k thut v thit k kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp cng trnh
thy li trong vng mn
Mi trng lm vic ca kt cu
Yu cu thit k

Mc b tng khng nh hn
Mc chng thm
Chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct
thp, mm
m vt nt, d, mm
B mt bn ngoi ca kt cu

Ngp
nc
M30

Kh quyn
Mc
nc Trn mt Trn b (cch mp
Gn b
thay i
nc
nc n 1 km)
M40

W8 n W10 n
W10
W12
50

50

M30

M30

M25

W8 n
W10

W8 n W10

W6 n
W8

50

50

50

d 0,1

d 0,1

Khng cho php c d = 0 hoc

vt nt
d 0,1

Phng nhn, khng ng nc, khng gy tch m v tch bn

CH THCH:
a) Chiu dy lp b tng bo v tnh bng khong cch gn nht gia mt ngoi kt cu ti mt
ngoi ca ct thp ai.
b) Kt cu trong t vng ngp nc bin c bo v nh kt cu trong vng ngp nc bin.
i vi cng trnh quan trng th cn nghin cu tng chiu dy hoc ra bin php bo v
chng n mn c hiu qu.
5.2.2. Mc b tng, mc chng thm ca b tng, chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp, m
rng ca vt nt v cu to b mt kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp cng trnh thy li xy
dng trong vng chua phn: ti thiu phi m bo quy nh ti Bng 2.
Bng 2 - Cc yu cu k thut v thit k kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp cng trnh
thy li trong vng chua phn

Yu cu thit k

Mi trng lm vic ca kt cu
Ngp nc

Mc nc thay i

Kh quyn

Mc b tng

M25 n M30

M30 n M40

M25 n M30

Mc chng thm

W8 n W10

W10 n W12

W8 n W10

Chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct
thp, mm
m vt nt, d, mm

50
Khng c php c vt nt

B mt bn ngoi ca kt cu

d 0,1

Phng nhn, khng ng nc,

khng gy tch m v tch bn

5.3. Vt liu s dng

5.3.1. Vt liu ch to b tng v b tng ct thp cng trnh thy li vng ven bin ngoi vic
tun th cc tiu chun v vt liu hin hnh cn phi tun th cc quy nh ti Bng 3.
Bng 3 Yu cu k thut i vi vt liu lm b tng v b tng ct thp cng trnh thy
li vng chua phn, mn
Tn vt liu
Xi mng

Yu cu k thut
1.1. Kt cu trong vng kh quyn
- Poc lng hn hp theo TCVN 6260:2009;
- Poc lng thng theo TCVN 2682:2009;
1.2. Kt cu trong vng nc thay i
- Poc lng hn hp theo TCVN 6260:2009 (C3A clinke 10 %);
- Poc lng bn sun pht theo TCVN 6067:2004;
- Poc lng thng theo TCVN 2682:2009 (C3A clinke 10 %);
1.3. Kt cu trong vng ngp nc
- Poc lng hn hp theo TCVN 6260:2009 (C3A clinke 10 %);
- Poc lng bn sunpht theo TCVN 6067:2004;
- Poc lng x theo TCVN 4316:2007;
- Poc lng puzlan theo TCVN 4033:1995;
- Poc lng thng theo TCVN 2682:2009 (C3A clinke 10 %);

Ct

2.1. Kt cu trong vng kh quyn

- M un ln, Mn 2,0;
- Khng gy phn ng kim - silic;
- Lng Cl- ha tan 0,005 % khi lng ct trong b tng v b tng ct thp;
- Cc ch tiu khc tun th TCVN 7570:2006;
2.2. Kt cu trong vng mc nc thay i v vng ngp nc
- Nh cc yu cu 2.1 trong Bng 3;
- Lng SO3 0,5 % khi lng ct.
CH THCH: i vi vng chua phn khng c dng ct nghin t vi.

 (si)

3.1. Kt cu trong vng kh quyn

- Khng gy phn ng kim - silic;
- Khng gy phn ng kim - cc b nt;
- Lng Cl- ha tan 0,01 % khi lng ct liu ln;
- Cc ch tiu khc tun theo TCVN 7570:2006.
3.2. Kt cu trong vng ngp nc
- Yu cu nh 3.1 trong Bng 3;
- Lng SO3 0,5 % khi lng ct liu ln.
3.3. Kt cu nm trong vng mc nc thay i
- Yu cu nh 3.2 trong Bng 3;
- mi mn t Mn I n Mn II theo TCVN 1771:1987.
CH THCH: i vi vng chua phn khng c dng ct liu ln c ngun
gc t vi.

Nc trn b
tng

4.1. Kt cu nm trong vng kh quyn

- pH t 6,5 n 12,5;
- Hm lng Cl- 500 mg/l cho b tng v b tng ct thp;
- Cc ch tiu khc tun theo TCVN 7570:2006.
4.2. Kt cu nm trong vng ngp nc v mc nc thay i
- Yu cu nh 4.1 ca Bng 3
- Hm lng SO3 1000 mg/l;
- Tng lng mui ha tan 2000 mg/l.

Ph gia

i vi cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp nm trong tt c cc vng xm

thc nn s dng cc loi ph gia khng cha ion Cl- bao gm:
- Cc ph gia khong hot tnh (tro bay nhit in, X l cao nghin mn, silica
fume, v.v... );
- Ph gia ha hc khng cha ion Cl - (ph gia ha do, siu do, ng cng
nhanh, chm ng kt, v.v...);
- Ph gia chng thm cc loi (dng lng, dng bt, khong hoc gc polyme,
v.v... );
- Ph gia chng s n mn ct thp trong b tng.

Ct thp

i vi tt c cc vng xm thc:
- Ct thp thng: Cl, Cll, CIII, CIV theo TCVN 1651:2008;
- C th dng ct thp hp kim c kh nng chng n mn cao, hoc c th
dng bin php sn ph ct thp bng loi sn c chng.

5.3.2. m bo tnh c chc ca b tng trong cng trnh thy li vng ven bin, phi s
dng ph gia trong khi thi cng b tng. Vic la chn loi ph gia theo quy nh trong Bng 4
di y:
Bng 4 - Quy nh s dng ph gia i vi cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp vng
ven bin

Mi trng lm vic

Loi ph gia

Vng ngp trong nc

Siu do hoc siu do kt hp vi ph gia khong hot tnh (bao

gm c silica fume).

Vng mc nc thay i

Siu do hoc siu do kt hp vi ph gia khong hot tnh (bao

gm c silica fume), siu do hoc siu do kt hp vi ph gia c
ch n mn ct thp.

Vng kh quyn

Siu do hoc siu do kt hp vi ph gia c ch n mn ct thp.

5.3.3. m bo cho kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp cng trnh thy li c kh nng bn

trong mi trng ven bin, t l nc xi mng (N/X) trong cc cp phi b tng khi thi cng
khng c ln hn:
- 0,50 trong vng mc nc bin thay i;
- 0,55 trong vng ngp nc bin;
- 0,60 trong vng kh quyn bin.
5.4. Cng tc thi cng b tng
Cng tc thi cng cc kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp cng trnh thy li vng ven bin ngoi
vic tun th nhng quy nh ca TCVN 4453:1995, cn tun th mt s yu cu k thut b
sung sau y:
5.4.1. Yu cu trong cng tc bo qun, lp dng ct thp v cp pha
1) Ct thp phi c bo qun trong kho kn c mi che. Khng ct thp chu nh hng
ca nc chua phn, nc ma, nc bin v c gi bin.
2) Trc khi b tng, phi kim tra ct thp v phi m bo khng c cc vt g mu trn
b mt ct thp.
3) Thi gian t lc nh g ct thp xong n lc b tng (T) phi c khng ch nh quy
nh sau v phi trnh cho ct thp khi mi trng xm thc:
a) T 12 h i vi cc kt cu nm trong vng chu nh hng ca mi trng xm thc mn;
b) T 24 h i vi cc kt cu nm trong vng chu nh hng ca mi trng chua phn.
4) Chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp c m bo bng cc con k. Con k c ch to
t b tng ht nh (Dmax = 10 mm), c cng v chng thm tng ng vi b tng
ca kt cu.
Kch thc ca cc con k c tit din d x d, trong d l chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp
theo yu cu ca thit k.
5) Khng c dng ct thp chu lc lm im ta gng vn khun. Trong trng hp s
dng bu lng xuyn qua kt cu gng vn khun th phi t trong ng nha rt ra khi kt
cu sau khi b tng. Nu v iu kin m cc bu lng ny phi li trong b tng th phi c
xung quanh cc bu lng ny su hn chiu dy lp b tng bo v theo thit k, ct b hai u
bu lng v phc hi li lp b tng bo v bng lp va c cng v chng thm nh b
tng ca kt cu cng trnh.
5.4.2. Cng tc thi cng b tng v b tng ct thp cng trnh thy li vng ven bin ngoi vic
phi tun th cc quy nh thi cng trong TCVN 4453:1995 cn phi p ng cc yu cu sau
y:
1) Xi mng, ct cn c phn l v bo qun trnh nhng tc ng trc tip ca cc mi
trng xm thc. Nu ct liu c vn chuyn bng ng bin hoc lu bi lu trn b bin
th phi kim tra li hm lng ion Cl- ca ct liu trc khi thi cng b tng cho d trc
c kt qu kim tra ch tiu ny t yu cu.

2) B tng c ch to phi m bo ng nht cao, nht thit phi trn bng my.
3) Trong qu trnh thi cng m bo cht lng b tng ti cc mch ngng, cn phi thc
hin cc bc sau y:
a) nh sm v ra sch mt b tng c;
b) mt lp va xi mng ct dy 20 mm/30 mm (t l xi mng/ct ly nh va ca b tng)
dn u va kn ht b mt b tng c sau mi b tng mi ln;
c) i vi khe co gin chn nc nn dng bng chn nc lm t vt liu khng b g nh
ng, cao su, nha PVC, v.v...
4) Bo dng b tng v b tng ct thp c thc hin theo TCVN 5592:1991. Khng c
dng nc bin, nc chua phn bo dng b tng. i vi cc kt cu b tng v b tng
ct thp cng trnh thy li thi cng ngay ti vng ngp nc chua phn, mn hay vng nc
chua phn mn thay i th phi cn c bin php che chn b mt cc kt cu b tng, b
tng ct thp khng b tip xc trc tip vi nc chua phn, mn trong vng t nht 7 ngy u
bo dng.
5) Hn ch b tng trong nc chua phn, mn, nu trng hp bt buc th thc hin nh
b tng trong nc, nhng cn c bin php bo v ct thp ct thp khng trc tip tc
ng vi nc c tc nhn n mn, c bit khi ch to hn hp b tng trong trng hp ny
phi dng ph gia siu do khng ch t l nc:xi mng thp nht c th nhng vn m
bo linh ng thi cng d dng.
5.4.3. Sa cha nhng h hng ca cc kt cu b tng, b tng ct thp cng trnh thy li
vng ven bin, xut hin trong qu trnh thi cng v vn hnh cng trnh:
1) Trong qu trnh thi cng v qua thi gian vn hnh cng trnh thy li thng xut hin cc
loi h hng sau y:
a) B mt b tng b n mn l ct liu ln trn din rng;
b) B tng b thm nc, tit vi;
c) B mt b tng b nt n, phng rp hoc bong trc cc b tng mng;
d) Nt kt cu vi b rng ln hn quy nh trong bng 1 v bng 2;
e) G st mu vng tit ra t trong lng khi b tng;
f) Xut hin cc vt nt b tng dc theo cc thanh ct thp;
h) Bong rp lp b tng bo v, l ct thp b g.
2) Cc trng hp h hng cc kt cu b tng, b tng ct thp cng trnh thy li vng ven
bin nh nu trn y cn phi sa cha ngay. Trc ht cc vt nt, cc hin tng bong
trc b tng bo v cn phi bt kn bo v ct thp khi b n mn. Cng tc sa cha c th
tham kho Ph lc A ca tiu chun ny.
5.5. Quy nh vi cng tc vn hnh cng trnh thy li vng ven bin:
Khi vn hnh cc cng trnh thy li xy dng t b tng v b tng ct thp trong vng ven bin
cn phi m bo:
1) S dng ng cng nng nh thit k quy nh cho kt cu, b phn cng trnh cng nh ton
b cng trnh;
2) Nhng khuyt tt ca cng trnh nh nu trong 5.3.3 cn c ghi vo s theo di hin
trng, din bin k c trc v sau khi sa cha;
3) Cn theo di cc vng b tng b nt, thm hoc tin s b nt thm v kp thi pht hin
cc du hiu h hng cng trnh do n mn gy ra. Khc phc sa cha ngay cc h hng nh.
Nu pht hin thy c du hiu h hng ph bin trn ton b kt cu cng trnh th cn phi
kho st chi tit c phng n sa cha hp l (tham kho Ph lc A).

PH LC A
(Tham kho)
CH DN PHNG PHP SA CHA CC KT CU B TNG V B TNG CT THP
CNG TRNH THY LI B H HNG DO N MN GY RA
Sau mt thi gian s dng nht nh, cc kt cu b tng v nht l b tng ct thp cc cng
trnh thy li xy dng trong mi trng chua phn, mn c th b h hng do n mn gy ra t
cc tc nhn n mn ca mi trng. sa cha cc h hng c th tin hnh theo trnh t
cc bc sau:
1. Xc nh du hiu h hng;
2. Kho st, nh gi mc h hng;
3. Thit k v thi cng sa cha.
A.1. Xc nh du hiu h hng
A.1.1. Cc kt cu b tng c xc nh l b h hng do n mn khi quan st thy
mt trong nhng du hiu sau:
1) B mt b tng b n mn l ct liu ln trn din rng;
2) B mt b tng b nt n, phng rp hoc bong trc cc b tng mng;
A.1.2. Cc kt cu b tng ct thp c xc nh l b h hng do n mn khi quan st
thy mt trong nhng du hiu sau:
1) Cc du hiu h hng b tng nh nu A.1.1;
2) Cc du hiu h hng ct thp:
a) G st mu vng tit ra t trong lng kh b tng;
b) Xut hin cc vt nt lp b tng dc theo cc thanh ct thp;
c) Bong rp lp b tng bo v l ct thp b g.
A.2. Kho st mc h hng
A.2.1. Cn c vo du hiu v mc h hng bn ngoi, phn ra dng v mc h
hng
T tm ra vng h hng nng i din tp trung kho st chi tit.
A.2.2. Kho st chi tit cc kt cu b tng b h hng
A.2.2.1. Xc nh cc tnh cht c l ca b tng ti cc vng b h hng
Khoan ly mu theo TCVN 3105:1993. Mi kt cu hay mt vng b h hng ly t nht mt t
mu, mi t mu 03 vin nn khoan. Dng mu nn khoan xc nh cc tnh cht c l ca b
tng: Cng nn theo TCVN 3118:1993, ht nc theo TCVN 31:1993. Cng c th dng
mu nn khoan phn tch thch hc bit cc khong cht xut hin trong b tng. i
chiu cc ch tiu c l vi h s hon cng ca cng trnh nu c.
A.2.2.2. Xc nh ng nht v cng b tng
Dng my siu m theo ASTM C 597- 09, EN 12504-4:2004, BS 1881 part 203:1986 Standard
test method for pulse velocity through concrete xc nh ng nht v cng ca b
tng trn ton b cu kin. Hiu chnh li ng chun ca my siu m bng cc mu nn
khoan sau khi gia cng trong phng th nghim. Xc nh cng trung bnh thc t ca b
tng trn ton b kt cu v tnh ton h s bin ng ca cng b tng ti thi im b n
mn.

A.2.2.3. Xc nh lng cht xm thc hoc mc cc b nt ha b tng theo chiu

su
Dng ly bt ti chiu su 100 mm phn thnh tng lp 20 mm. Phn tch cc ch tiu c bn
nh pH, Cl-, SO42- v.v... ca nc chit t bt khoan tng lp theo ASTM D 1293-95, ASTM C
1152-94.
A.2.3. Kho st chi tit cc kt cu b tng ct thp
A.2.3.1. Phn kho st b tng tin hnh nh A.2.2. Xy dng b sung chiu dy lp b tng
bo v v s ng u ca chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp trn kt cu bng cc thit b
in t theo BS 1881 part 204:1988. Kt hp c cc b mt vi v tr kim tra li cc kt qu
o.
A.2.2.2. Dng thit b in t xc nh ng knh ct thp nm trong b tng theo BS 1881
part 204:1998 hoc c l ct thp mt vi v tr xc nh ng knh thc t. So snh vi
h s hon cng nu c.
A.2.3.3. Dng thit b chuyn dng o g ca ct thp trong b tng (CANIN - o in th
ca ct thp) kt hp c l ct thp xc nh mc g ca ct thp theo ASTM C 876-91.
Ti cc v tr ct thp b h, co sch g v o ng knh cn li bng thc kp c kh.
A.2.3.4. Dng knh phng i chnh xc ti 0,001 mm o rng cc vt nt nhn thy.
A.2.4. nh gi mc h hng
A.2.4.1. Xc nh kh nng chu lc cn li ca kt cu
Da vo cng trung bnh ca b tng trn cu kin, ng nht v cng , xc nh gi
tr cng tiu chun v cng tnh ton ca b tng trn cu kin theo TCVN 5574:1991.
Cn c vo s lm vic, hin trng h hng ca kt cu, ng knh ct thp cn li, chiu
dy lp bo v thc t xc nh, tin hnh kim tra xc nh kh nng chu lc cn li ca kt
cu. Trn c s phn chia cc kt cu hoc b phn kt cu thnh hai nhm:
1) Cn gia c tng cng kh nng chu lc, bao gm cc cu kin b n mn v h hng
nng;
2) Khng cn gia c tng cng kh nng chu lc, bao gm cc cu kin h hng nh hoc
cha b h hng.
A.2.4.2. Xc nh mc v kh nng chng n mn ca kt cu
1) i vi kt cu b tng, phn thnh 03 mc:
a) b n mn: Khi xut hin du hiu h hng nh nu trong A.1.1 hoc cha c du
hiu ny nhng hm lng SO3 trong b tng vt qu 6 % khi lng xi mng trong b
tng;
b) Khng cn kh nng chng li s n mn ca mi trng: Khi cc tnh cht c l ca b tng
khng cn tha mn yu cu trong Bng 1, v 2;
c) Cha b n mn: Khi cha thy du hiu h hng bn ngoi, cng , chng thm ca b
tng vn tha mn yu cu ca Bng 1 v 2.
2) i vi b tng ct thp c th chia thnh 03 mc:
a) b n mn, b tng khng cn kh nng bo v ct thp: Khi xut hin cc du hiu h
hng nu trong A.1.2 hoc hm lng SO2- quy i ra SO3 trong b tng vt qu 6 %
khi lng xi mng, ti vng ln cn ct thp hm lng Cl- > 1,0 kg/m3 hoc pH <11,0; ct thp
xc nh theo A.2.3.3 b g cc b nhng hao tn tit din cha c v tr no t n 5 %;
b) Khng cn kh nng chng li s n mn ca mi trng: Khi cng , chng thm
ca b tng, chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp, b rng vt nt khng cn tha mn so vi
Bng 1 v 2; ct thp xc nh theo A.2.2.3 b g trn din rng v c v tr hao tn tit din n
trn 5 %;

c) Cha b n mn: Khi cha thy cc du hiu h hng bn ngoi; thp cha b g cc b, b
tng c cc ch tiu m bo yu cu ca Bng 1 v 2.
A.2.4.3. nh gi v iu kin lm vic ca kt cu
iu kin lm vic ca kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp cng trnh thy li vng ven bin c
th phn lm 02 loi:
1) C yu t gy tng tc n mn nh kt cu lm vic trong iu kin khng ng quy nh
ca thit k ban u, b thm, nt, qu ti, ng nc, tch t bi bn, m t ko di...;
2) Khng c cc yu t nh trn.
A.3. Thit k sa cha
Thit k sa cha cc kt cu b h hng do n mn gy ra nn thc hin ng thi cc
bc sau y:
A.3.1. m bo iu kin lm vic ca kt cu
khi phc iu kin lm vic bnh thng ca kt cu, trong phng n thit k nn c bin
php ngn chn hoc loi b cc yu t gy tng tc n mn nh nu trong A.2.4.3.
A.3.2. Gia c phc hi kh nng chu lc ca kt cu
Cn c vo tnh ton theo A.2.4.1 xc nh mc gia c cho kt cu. Cc phng n gia c
thng dng i vi b tng ct thp b h hng do n mn nh sau:
A.3.2.1. B sung ct thp chu lc b h hng cc b (khng m rng tit din)
1) Tit din ct thp cn b sung xc nh theo tnh ton;
2) Lin kt thp c vi thp mi b sung bng hn buc, chiu di mi hn, mt nt buc tun
th cc quy phm hin hnh. Thc hin cho c thp ai v thp ct ch (Hnh A.1)

Hnh A.1 B sung ct thp b h hng cc b nhng khng m rng tit din kt cu
A.3.3.3. Gia c bng thp hnh hoc thp trn c m rng tit din kt cu
p dng khi phi gia c ton b kt cu chu lc ln (Hnh A.2).

Hnh A.2 Gia c m rng tit din kt cu

A.3.2.3. Gia c bng thp ko cng
1) Khoan xuyn kt cu to h lun cp v m neo, lun cp vo cu kin v thc hin cng cp
trong kt cu, sau bm chn va xi mng vo h cp bo v cp;

2) Lp t cc m neo, lun cp ngoi v cng ct thp bn ngoi kt cu. Ct thp c bo v

bng m bm vo trong ng lun cp.
A.3.3. Bo v chng n mn lu di cho kt cu
A.3.3.1. i vi cc kt cu b tng
1) Nu b tng b n mn cc b [nh gi theo A.2.4.2 1)], c b phn b tng b n
mn, lm y cc v tr c b bng lp b tng mi tha mn nhng yu cu trong Bng 1
v 2 trong tiu chun ny;
2) Nu b tng b n mn trn ton b b mt, khng cn kh nng chng n mn [nh
gi theo A.2.4.2 1)], phi c b ht lp b tng h hng v to lp b tng mi bo v b
sung ton b mt ngoi ca kt cu. Cch lm tng t nh i vi b tng ct thp theo
A.3.3.2 2).
A.3.3.2. i vi cc kt cu b tng ct thp
1) Trong trng hp kt cu b n mn hoc b tng khng cn kh nng bo v ct thp.
a) Nu kt cu ch b h hng cc b: c ty lp b tng b bong l xung quanh khu vc ct
thp b g, nh g ct thp, ch b c lp b lng b nhim cc tc nhn xm thc sau ct thp,
ti thiu 20/30 mm. Chn y cc v tr c b bng cch li b tng, b tng phun kh,
va trt c mc v chng thm cao, b tng phun kh kt hp va trt, va bm. B tng
hoc va mi dng sa cha phi c cc tnh nng tha mn yu cu Bng 1 v 2;
b) Nu b tng mt kh nng bo v ct thp trn din rng ti nhiu v tr ca kt cu, c bit
khi b tng b nhim nng cc tc nhn xm thc ca mi trng th phi thit k chng n
mn cho ton b kt cu theo cc bin php sau y:
- Bo v mt ngoi ca kt cu.
+ Dng lp b tng thng c li thp cu to. Li thp loi 4 mm n 6 mm an 150 mm
n 200 mm lin kt tt vi kt cu c. Chiu dy b tng mi ti thiu 60 mm, trong chiu
dy b tng bo v ct thp khng nh hn gi tr trong Bng 1 v 2. Phng n ny nn p
dng cho sa cha cc kt cu nn, kt cu bn hoc mt khi ln c nghing 30.
+ C th dng bng lp b tng phun kh c li thp cu to. Li thp loi 1 mm, an 15
mm n 25 mm c lin kt tt vi kt cu c. Chiu dy lp b tng phun ti thiu tnh ti li
thp cu to v mc b tng phun ph hp vi yu cu trong Bng 1 v 2.. Phng n ny nn
p dng cho cc kt cu ng, kt cu trn.
+ C th dng bng lp b tng phun kh kt hp va trt c li thp cu to. Li thp loi
1 mm, an 15 mm n 25 mm c lin kt tt vi kt cu bn trong. Chiu dy lp b tng
phun ti thiu tnh ti li thp cu to v mc b tng phun ph hp vi yu cu trong Bng 1
v 2. Phng n ny nn p dng cho cc kt cu ng, kt cu trn c yu cu hon thin b
mt cao.
- Bo v catt, phng php ny ch p dng bo v cc kt cu thp khi b n mn khi
khng th bo v bng phng php thng thng c. Phng php ny s c hng dn
ring.
2) Trong trng hp chiu dy lp b tng bo v mng, khng t mc chng thm:
a) i vi cc kt cu c lp b tng bo v mng, khng t mc chng thm nh yu cu
Bng 1 v 2, th c th bo v mt ngoi bng lp b tng phun kh, va trt chng thm hoc
sn chng thm ngn chn s xm nhp ca nc v cc tc nhn xm thc vo kt cu.
Chiu dy lp b tng, va chng thm mi phi c tnh ton sao cho tng chiu dy lp bo
v c v mi t yu cu ti thiu nh trong Bng 1 v 2. Phng n bo v bng sn chng
thm ph b mt c thit k theo ch dn ring (ACI 515.1R - 79a).
b) i vi cc kt cu c vt nt rng qu gii hn cho pnp, bo v ct thp cn trm bt vt
nt ngn khng cho cc tc nhn xm thc, khng kh, hi m t mi trng trc tip gy g ct

thp. Ty thuc vo kh nng tip tc bin dng, rng v chiu su ca vt nt c th la

chn mt trong nhng cch lm sau:
- Trm ming vt nt bng va xi mng mc cao, va epoxy vo cc vt nt nng, khng bin
dng;
- Bm keo epoxy nht nh vo cc vt nt nh, su, kh ro;
- Trm ming vt nt bng va xi mng mc cao, bm keo PU (polyurethane) vo cc vt nt
nh, su, b thm nc;
- Nu vt nt vn cha n nh th phi phun v bt ming vt nt bng vt liu n hi.
c) i vi cc vt nt c chiu rng 0,5mm, cc vt r, mch ngng thm nc hoc cc
khuyt tt ln c th kt hp gia c kt cu v bo v ct thp bng bm p h.
A.4. Thi cng sa cha
Trong cng tc thi cng sa cha cc kt cu b tng, b tng ct thp cng trnh thy li vng
ven bin b n mn, ngoi vic phi tun theo cc quy phm k thut hin hnh cn ch :
A.4.1. Khi sa cha hoc gia c cc kt cu b n mn, c bit l nhng kt cu b gim
kh nng chu lc, nht thit phi chng kt cu v gii phng hon ton hoc mt phn kt
cu cn sa cha khi trng thi chu lc. Cc kt cu chu ti ln c th chia ra x l tng phn
tit din.
A.4.2. Ty g ct thp
Ct thp phi c nh sch g bng bn chi st, hoc phun ct. Khi cn sn chng g ct
thp phi p ng yu cu ca tiu chun ASTM D 3963/D 3963M - 93a.
A.4.3. Lin kt gia b tng, va mi v b tng c
m bo lin kt tt gia lp b tng hoc va sa cha vi lp b tng c cn lm nh
sau:
1) c nhm b mt b tng c, ra sch b mt bng nc, ro nc sau mi thi cng;
2) Qut ln b mt b tng c mt lp cht lin kt p ng tiu chun ASTM C 1509-90. Sau
thi cng sa cha c thc hin ngay khi lp lin kt cn cha b kh.
A.4.4. Thi cng b tng v va sa cha
1) b tng: Thc hin theo TCVN 4453:1995. Nn s dng ct liu ln c kch thc Dmax
khng vt qu 1/3 kch thc nh nht ca khi v to lin kt tt vi b tng c ca kt
cu;
2) Bm va lng c gc xi mng, khng co ngt, theo hng dn ca nh sn xut hoc theo
cc quy nh hin hnh.
3) Phun b tng kh, thc hin theo B tng phun kh - Ch dn k thut thi cng v nghim
thu.
4) Trt v: p dng sa cha cc khuyt tt nh v cc b. Trm lm nhiu lp, chiu dy mi
lp trt khng qu 20 mm.
5) Bo dng b tng v va sa cha thc hin theo TCVN 5592:1991.