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PreprintWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Preprint
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Inacademicpublishing,apreprintisaversionofascholarlyorscientificpaperthatprecedespublicationina
peerreviewedscholarlyorscientificjournal.Thepreprintmaypersist,oftenasanontypesetversionavailable
free,afterapaperispublishedinajournal.

Contents
1 Role
1.1 Stagesofprinting
1.2 Tenureandpromotion
2 Preprintserverbyresearchfield
2.1 arXivphysics,mathematics,computerscience,quantitativebiologyandfinance,statistics
2.2 bioRxivbiology
2.3 ChemRxivchemistry
2.4 engrXivengineering
2.5 NaturePrecedingsbiology,medicine,chemistry,earthscience
2.6 PeerJPrePrintsbiology,medicine,healthsciences,computerscience
2.7 MDPI'sPreprintsanyfield
2.8 Philicaanyfield
2.9 PhilSciArchivephilosophyofscience
2.10 PsyArXivpsychologicalsciences
2.11 SciencepaperOnlineanyfield
2.12 SocArXivsocialscience
2.13 SocialScienceResearchNetworksocialscienceandhumanities
2.14 Zenodo
3 Computerpreprints
4 Seealso
5 References
6 Externallinks

Role
Publicationofmanuscriptsinapeerreviewedjournaloftentakesweeks,monthsorevenyearsfromthetimeof
initialsubmission,owingtothetimerequiredbyeditorsandreviewerstoevaluateandcritiquemanuscripts,
andthetimerequiredbyauthorstoaddresscritiques.Theneedtoquicklycirculatecurrentresultswithina
scholarlycommunityhasledresearcherstodistributedocumentsknownaspreprints,whicharemanuscripts
thathaveyettoundergopeerreview.Theymaybeconsideredasgreyliterature.Theimmediatedistributionof
preprintsallowsauthorstoreceiveearlyfeedbackfromtheirpeers,whichmaybehelpfulinrevisingand
preparingarticlesforsubmission.
Since1991,preprintshaveincreasinglybeendistributedelectronicallyontheInternet,ratherthanaspaper
copies.ThishasgivenrisetomassivepreprintdatabasessuchasarXiv.organdtoinstitutionalrepositories.
Insomejournals,postingpreprintsmaydisqualifytheresearchfromsubmissionforpublicationduetothe
IngelfingerRule.Themajorityofpublishershoweverdoallowworktobepublishedtopreprintserversbefore
submissionwhileothersdonotandareevaluatedonacasebycasebasis.[1]
InAugust2016,Crossrefannouncedplansthatitwillprovidesupportandinfrastructureforpreprints.[2]

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AlsoinAugust2016,aproposalwasmadeforoneCentralPreprintService.[3]
PreprintFAQ.[4]

Stagesofprinting
Whileapreprintisanarticlethathasnotyetundergonepeerreview,apostprintisanarticlewhichhasbeen
peerreviewedinpreparationforpublicationinajournal.Boththepreprintandpostprintmaydifferfromthe
finalpublishedversionofanarticle.Preprintsandpostprintstogetherarereferredtoaseprintsoreprints.[5]
Thewordreprintreferstohardcopiesofpapersthathavealreadybeenpublishedreprintscanbeproducedby
thejournalpublisher,butcanalsobegeneratedfromdigitalversions(forexample,fromanelectronicdatabase
ofpeerreviewedjournals,suchasEBSCOhost),orfromeprintsselfarchivedbytheirauthorsintheir
institutionalrepositories.

Tenureandpromotion
Inacademia,preprintsarenotlikelytobeweighedheavilywhenascholarisevaluatedfortenureorpromotion,
unlessthepreprintbecomesthebasisforapeerreviewedpublication.

Preprintserverbyresearchfield
arXivphysics,mathematics,computerscience,quantitativebiologyandfinance,
statistics
TheeprintarchivearXiv.org(pronouncedlike"archive")wascreatedbyPaulGinspargin1991atLosAlamos
NationalLaboratoryforthepurposeofdistributingtheoreticalhighenergyphysicspreprints.[6]In2001,
arXiv.orgmovedtoCornellUniversityandnowencompassesthefieldsofphysics,mathematics,computer
science,quantitativebiology,quantitativefinance,statistics.Withinthefieldofhighenergyphysics,the
postingofpreprintsonarXivissocommonthatmanypeerreviewedjournalsallowsubmissionofpapersfrom
arXivdirectly,usingthearXiveprintnumber.
Insomebranchesofphysics,thearXivdatabasemayserveasafocalpointforthemanycriticismsmadeofthe
peerreviewprocessandpeerreviewedjournals.InhiscolumninPhysicsToday,April1992,DavidMermin
describedGinsparg'screationaspotentially"stringtheory'sgreatestcontributiontoscience".
About8,000preprintsamonthareuploadedtoarXivasof2016.[7]

bioRxivbiology
bioRxiv6isoperatedbyColdSpringHarborLaboratory.FoundedinNovember2013,bioRxivholdsover6,000
preprintarticlesintotal.[8][9]Allarticlessubmittedundergoabasicscreeningprocessforoffensiveand/ornon
scientificcontentbutdonotundergoapeerreviewprocess.[10]

ChemRxivchemistry
Announcedon10August2016,AmericanChemistrySocietyconfirmeditwillbecreatingapreprintserverfor
chemistryresearch.[11]

engrXivengineering

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engrXivisapreprintserverforengineeringoperatedinpartnershipwithCenterforOpenScience.Itwas
launchedinJuly2016andisadministratedoutoftheUniversityofWisconsinStoutwhereitisdirectedby
DevinR.Berg.[12]engrXiviscurrentlyindevelopmentandusesatemporaryemaildepositsystem.[13]

NaturePrecedingsbiology,medicine,chemistry,earthscience
NaturePrecedingswasafreeelectronicrepositoryforpreprintsofscientificmanuscripts,posters,and
unpublishedobservations.Itwasoperatedfrom20072012byNaturePublishingGroup.

PeerJPrePrintsbiology,medicine,healthsciences,computerscience
PeerJPrePrintsisafreepreprintserveroperatedbyPeerJ.Allarticlessubmittedundergoabasicscreening
processbutarenotpeerreviewed.Commentingisallowedbyanyregistereduser,anddownloadandpageview
dataaresupplied.AllarticlesarepublishedwithaCCBYlicense.AsofSeptember2016,2,439articleshave
beenmadeavailable.[14]

MDPI'sPreprintsanyfield
Preprints[15]isapreprintserveroperatedbyMDPIlaunchedinJune2016.[16]

Philicaanyfield
SeealsoOpenpeerreview

PhilSciArchivephilosophyofscience
Launchedin2001,PhilSciArchive(http://philsciarchive.pitt.edu/)isapreprintarchiveforallsubfieldsof
PhilosophyofSciencehostedbytheUniversityLibrarySystemattheUniversityofPittsburgh.[17]

PsyArXivpsychologicalsciences
PsyArXiv[18]isafreepreprintserviceforthepsychologicalscienceswhichwasannouncedinAugust2016[19]
andthenlaunchedinSeptember.[20]TheservicewascreatedbytheSocietyfortheImprovementof
PsychologicalScience(http://improvingpsych.org/)andtheCenterforOpenScience.

SciencepaperOnlineanyfield
SciencepaperOnline[21]isawebsiteapprovedbytheMinistryofEducation(China)andunderthe
administrationoftheCenterforScienceandTechnologyDevelopmentoftheMinistry.

SocArXivsocialscience
Anopenarchiveofthesocialsciences.SocArXivwasformedinJuly2016byagroupofsociologists,members
oftheacademiclibrarycommunity,andtheirtechnologypartner,theCenterforOpenScience,usingtheOpen
ScienceFramework.ItisadministrativelyhousedattheUniversityofMarylandanddirectedbyPhilip
Cohen.[22]SocArXivhasatemporaryemaildepositsystem.[23]

SocialScienceResearchNetworksocialscienceandhumanities

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TheSocialScienceResearchNetworkisarepositoryforbothworkingpapersandacceptedpapers,which
showsdownloadandcitationdatawithinthesiteforeachstoredpaper.InMay2016,SSRNwasacquiredby
Elsevier.[24]

Zenodo
Zenodoisarepositoryforresearchdatathathasbeenusedalsoaspreprintrepository,becauseoffersdocument
previewandaDOInumberforthesubmitteddocument.

Computerpreprints
Theabilitytodistributemanuscriptsaspreprintshashadagreatimpactoncomputerscience,particularlyinthe
waythatscientificresearchisdisseminatedinthatfield(seeCiteSeer).Theopenaccessmovementhastended
tofocusondistributedinstitutionalcollectionsofresearch,globalharvesting,andaggregationthroughsearch
enginesandgatewayssuchasOAIster,ratherthanaglobaldisciplinebasesuchasarXiv.Eprintscannow
refertoanyelectronicformofascholarlyorscientificpublication,includingjournalarticles,conference
papers,researchthesesordissertations,becausetheseusuallyarefoundinmultidisciplinarycollections,called
openaccessrepositories,oreprintsarchives.

Seealso
Cogprints
CryptologyePrintArchive
Greyliterature
Listofacademicjournalsbypreprintpolicy
Prepress
ScientificCommons
Selfarchiving

References
1."Takingtheonlinemedicine".TheEconomist.ISSN00130613.Retrieved20160323.
2."Gettingreadytorunwithpreprints,anydaynowCrossrefBlog".blog.crossref.org.Retrieved20160816.
3."CreationofaCentralPreprintServicefortheLifeSciences|ASAPbio".asapbio.org.Retrieved20160818.
4."PreprintFAQ|ASAPbio".asapbio.org.Retrieved20160818.
5."SelfarchivingFAQ(http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/selffaq/#WhatisEprint)".EPrints.
6.RichardVanNoorden(December30,2014)."ThearXivpreprintserverhits1millionarticles".Nature.Retrieved
20150907.
7."Takingtheonlinemedicine".TheEconomist.ISSN00130613.Retrieved20160323.
8."Takingtheonlinemedicine".TheEconomist.ISSN00130613.Retrieved20160323.
9."AllArticles|bioRxiv".biorxiv.org.Retrieved20161004.
10.http://biorxiv.org/aboutbiorxiv
11.Widener,Andrea."ACSlauncheschemistrypreprintserver|Chemical&EngineeringNews".cen.acs.org.Retrieved
20160811.
12."engrXivBlog|AnnouncingengrXiv,theeprintserverforengineering".blog.engrxiv.org.Retrieved20160811.
13."OSF|TemporaryHomeofengrXivPresentations".osf.io.Retrieved20160811.
14.http://peerj.com/preprints
15.https://www.preprints.org/
16."IntroducingPreprints:AMultidisciplinaryOpenAccessPreprintPlatform".Retrieved20160801.
17."History".PhilSciArchive.RetrievedAugust26,2016.
18."OSF|TemporaryHomeofPsyArXivPresentations".osf.io.Retrieved20160818.
19."PsyArXivonTwitter".Retrieved20160811.
20."IntroducingPsyArXiv:apreprintserviceforpsychologicalsciencePsyArXivBlog".20160919.Retrieved
20160920.
21.http://www.paper.edu.cn/
22."AnnouncingthedevelopmentofSocArXiv".Retrieved20160810.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preprint

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23."WhyyoushouldpostyourpaperstoSocArXiv".Retrieved20160810.
24."SSRNtheleadingsocialscienceandhumanitiesrepositoryandonlinecommunityjoinsElsevier".Retrieved
20160810.

Externallinks
EysenbachG."Theimpactofpreprintserversandelectronicpublishingonbiomedicalresearch(http://yi.
com/home/EysenbachGunther/scans/Eysenbach2000e_CurrOpImmunol_preprint_servers.pdf)".Curr
OpinImmunol.2000Oct12(5):499503
EysenbachG."Challengesandchangingrolesformedicaljournalsinthecyberspaceage:Electronicpre
printsandepapers(http://www.jmir.org/1999/2/e9/)".JMedInternetRes19991(2):e9
ElectronicPreprintsandPostprints(http://cogprints.org/3019/),inEncyclopediaofLibraryand
InformationScience.MarcelDekker.
Inefuku,HarrisonW."PrePrint,PostPrintorOffprint?AGuidetopublicationversions,permissionsand
thedigitalrepository.(http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/digirep_outreach/2/)"Ames,IA:DigitalRepository@
IowaStateUniversity,14January2013.
Journalpoliciesonpreprints(http://network.nature.com/forums/precedings/255)fromNaturePrecedings
forum
Preprint,postprint,definitionsandterms(http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeoinfo.html#colours/)asdefined
bySHERPA(organisation)
Preprint,Postprint(http://www.crossref.org/02publishers/glossary.html)asdefinedbyCrossref
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Preprint&oldid=742550703"
Categories: Academicpublishing Scientificdocuments Publicationsbyformat Publishing
Greyliterature Academicjournalarticles
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