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Thermo Non Flow
Thermo Non Flow
Constant Pressure
pv(0 ) = c
Constant Temperature
pv(1) = c
Adiabatic Process
Ploytropic Process
Constant Volune
pv(n ) = c
pv( ) = c
pv(k ) = c
kJ, BTU
kJ/kg, BTU/lb
q = (u 2 + p2 v2 ) (u1 + p1v1 )
q = h 2 h1 = cpdT
dh = cpdT
V
v2
m RT
q = p1v1ln
dV
Q=
V
v1
Q = m RT lnV
p2 v2 v2
q=
ln
q = RT ln V
J
v1
40
q = 24,115.ft lbf/lbm
2
p
T=const
Q=
1
22.5ft3
40 ft3
V, ft3
p
q = R T ln 1
p2
POLYTROPIC PROCESS
pvn = constant
p1v1n = p 2 v n2
n
p 2 v1
=
p1 v 2
substitute from pv = RT
T2 v1
=
T1 v 2
n 1
p2
=
p1
n 1
n
c v n +1
W = m pdv = m c v dv =
1 n
m(p2 v 2 p1v1 ) m R (T2 T1 )
W=
=
1 n
1 n
Q = E + W
n
q = u + w
R (T2 T1 )
q = c v (T2 T1 ) +
1 n
kn
q = cv
(T2 T1 )
1 n
n 1
n
k n p 2
q = cv
T1 1
1 n p1
n 1
k n v1
q = cv
T1 1
1 n v 2
1
+ 1ln v +
ln p = Constant
k 1
k 1
pvk = constant
ADIABATIC PROCESS
k
Q=0, pv = constant
pv k = constant
p2 v 2k = p1v1k
k
p2 v1
=
p1 v 2
substitutefrom pv = RT
T2 v1
=
T1 v 2
k 1
p2
=
p1
k 1
k
Q = E + W = 0
q = u + w
w = u = c v dT = c v (T2 T1 )
1
p2 v2 p2 v2
(p2 v2 p1v1 )
w = cv
=
R
R
k
1
R = cp cv
k 1
p2 k
w = c v T1 T1
p1
k 1
p
cR
w = v T1 2 1
cp cv
p1
k 1
p2 k
1
R T1 1
w=
k 1
p1
v k 1
1
w=
R T1 1 1
v2
k 1
p1v1k = p 2 v k2
p2 v2
=
p1 v1
p 2 = p1 (10)
1.4
p 2 = 14.7psia 25.11
and pressure?
p 2 = 369.3psia
T2 p 2
=
T1 p1
k 1
k
Also by formula :
1.41
1.4
T2 = (70 + 460)(25.11)
T2 = 1331O R
Q = E + W
Q=0
W = E
W = m c v (T2 T1 )
W = .5 .17(1331 530)
W = 68.09 BTU
v k 1
1
W = m
R T1 1 1
v2
k 1
1
1.41
W = .5
53.35 530 (10) 1
1.4 1
W = 53,437ftlbf
W=
53,437ftlb
= 68.8 BTU
ftlb
778
BTU
pv = const.
n
p, v, T
Property
Relationships
q, heat
energy/mass
w, work
w=
pdv
Constant
Pressure
n=0
Constant
Volume
n=
Constant Temperature
n=n
n =1
T2 v2
=
T1 v1
T2 p2
=
T1 p1
p1v1 = p2 v2
c p (T2 T1 )
cv (T2 T1 )
v
p1v1 ln 2
v1
p1 (v2 v2 )
Polytropic Process **
p1v1n = p2 v2n
T2 v2
=
T1 v1
p
= 2
p1
n 1
n
k n
cp
(T2 T )
1
p
= R1T1 ln 1
p2
v
p1v1 ln 2
v1
n 1
= R1T1 ln p1
p
energy/mass
Specific Heat
c p , cv
c p = R + cv
cp =
Rk
k 1
cv = c p R
cv =
R
k 1
* * for n = k =
cp
cv