Geotechnical

Kemal Al Zaro
D100133007
Civil Engineering (Double Degree)

Foundation

A. Definition
Part of the building which is located in the basement that serves
the entire burden of forwarding it to the ground in the base / ground
support. The foundation must be calculated in such a way so as to
ensure the stability of the building:
Load of building
Weight alone
Useful load
Wind
Earthquakes
Dynamic Load
Decrease the foundation

B. Qualified Foundation
The requirement of Foundation of a building to the foundation in
building a strong foundation, then it should be qualified as:
Form and construction must demonstrate a strong and sturdy
construction to support building loads of it.

 Must be made of materials that are durable and not easily

destroyed.
Not easily affected by a state outside the foundation.
Must be located on a land base that is strong enough so that the
position of stable foundation.

C. Selection of Foundation types

The investigation results land, survey to field and its interpretation.

The amount of static or dynamic loads that work.
The cost of construction and ease of implementation in the field.
Consideration of the level of risk of failure during a planned life of
the building foundation.

D.Types of Foundation
1. Stone Foundation
Ground

Stone
Rock
Sand

Foundations are made with stone base material is arranged in such

a way. So it can hold the weight of the existing building on it and pass
on to the ground. Used in building a simple original soil conditions
are good enough. Usually this foundation depth between 60-80 cm
with the same tread width to height.
Advantages
Implementation of foundations easy
The time to work is fast
Stone split easily obtained
Disadvantages
Stone split in certain areas hard to find
Creating this foundation requires huge cost
This foundation costs more expensive for terraced
houses.

2. Brick Foundation

Foundation is made of bricks, bricks generally as materials for the

foundation is less effective and well besides the price is more
expensive than natural stone (stone, limestone) in the process is the
foundation of the first brick is more complicated material than natural
stone (with preparation more detailed and specific than preparing the
foundation made from natural stone).
Advantages
Suitable for building who have one floor
Disadvantages
Expensive
Requires a long time in the works
Less powerful as it is not waterproof

3. Foot Plate Foundation

The foundation is used for storey buildings or structures on the

soft ground. The foundation is made of reinforced concrete and is
located just below the column / pillar and depth to the hard ground.
The foundation of this site can be combined with the foundation stone
sides / times. Its application can also directly use the sloop concrete
with specific dimensions for wall mounting interest. The foundation
can also be prepared for the building in a narrow land that will be
developed upward.
Advantages
This foundation is cheaper when measured in terms of cost
For multistory buildings use foundation foot plate is more
reliable than the foundation stone
Disadvantages
We must prepare the mold first.
It takes work for longer. It takes an understanding of the
science of the structure.

4. Wells Foundation

Foundation that in the cast in place using concrete

components and masonry sides as filler. Called pitting foundation
because the foundation started by digging the ground diameter 6080 cm as digging wells. The foundation depth can reach 8 meters.
At the top of the foundation is approaching sloop, given pembesian
to bind sloop. The foundation of this type of construction is used
when a remote location so it is not possible to secure transportation
to transport piles.

Advantages
Cheaper.
Alternative use of deep foundations.
Not required heavy equipment.
Disadvantages
The use of material wasteful.
Not resistant to horizontal style.

5. Strauss Pile / Bore Pile Foundation

The

foundation of this type usually

used in building load is not too heavy, for example, to stay home.
The foundation depth can reach 5 meters by using steel
reinforcement along the inside of foundation. Usually the size of
the foundation that is often used is the diameter of 20 cm, 30 cm,
and 40 cm, in accordance with the availability of the drill bit. Like
a pile foundation, then the foundation strauss holder riveted on
concrete (pile cap). The function holder is fastened reinforcing
concrete foundation coloumn and Sloof. Besides its the function is

to transfer the pressure load on it.

Advantages
Have a little volume of concrete
Cheaper
At the top of foundation may rely on the ground
Disadvantages
Need drilling equipment
Installation relative rather difficult
If the implementation lack of good can cause loss of
foundation