Journal for Research | Volume 02 | Issue 01 | March 2016

ISSN: 2395-7549

Detection of Fault Location in Transmission Line

using Internet of Things(IOT)
Velladurai S
UG Student
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Hindusthan Institute of Technology

Sarathkumar G
UG Student
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Hindusthan Institute of Technology

Praveenraj G
UG Student
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Hindusthan Institute of Technology

Senthamizhselvan R
UG Student
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Hindusthan Institute of Technology

Ms Venkateswari.M
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Hindusthan Institute of Technology

Abstract
Transmission lines are used to transmit electric power to distant large load centres. These lines are exposed to faults as a result of
lightning, short circuits, faulty equipments, miss-operation, human errors, overload, and aging.To avoid this situation, and we
need the exact location of fault occurrence. This problem ishandled by a set of resistors representing cable length in KMs and
fault creation is made by a set of switches at every known KM to cross check the accuracy of the same. The fault occurring at
what distance and which phase is displayed on a 16X2 LCD interfaced with the microcontroller. Calculated values are sends to
the receiving section with help of Zigbee. Measured values are updated in PC and monitored with help of .NET. RTC is used
here to time and date reference, that when the event occurs.
Keywords: Internet of things, Overloading, PIC 16F77A, Resistors, Zigbee, .NET, Fault switches
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
I.

INTRODUCTION

The transmission line conductors have resistances and inductances distributed uniformly along the length of the line. Traveling
wave fault location methods are usually more suitable for applicationto long lines. A representation of an overhead transmission
line by means of a numberof pi-sections has been implemented using the Alternative Transient Program (ATP/EMTP) inwhich
the properties of the electric field in a capacitance and the properties of the magneticfield in an inductance have been taken into
account and these elements are connected withlossless wires.Transmission lines cannot be analyzed with lumped parameters,
when the length of the line isconsiderable compared to the wavelength of the signal applied to the line. Power transmissionlines,
which operate at 50-Hz and are more than 80-km long, are considered to have distributedparameters. These lines have the
properties of voltage and current waves that travel on the linewith finite speed of propagation. Traveling wave methods for
transmission lines fault locationhave been reported since a long time. Subsequent developments employ high speed digital
Recording technology by using the traveling wave transients created by the fault. It is well known that when a fault occurs in
overhead transmission lines systems, the abrupt changes in voltage and current at the point of the fault generate high frequency
electromagnetic impulses called traveling waves which propagate along the transmission line in both directions away from the
fault point.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Title 1: Digital Fault Locator for Double End Fed Transmission Lines:
Author: Micheletti.R
Year: 2010
The paper presents a digital fault locator by dynamic system parameter estimation for a double end fed transmission line. The
method uses about 1/6 cycle of recorded fault data and does not require filtering of dc offset and high-frequency components.
The system differential equations are based on a lumped parameter line model, Thevenin equivalents at both ends of the line and
an unknown fault resistance. The accuracy is demonstrated by a representative set of tests results obtained with computer
simulation.

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72

Detection of Fault Location in Transmission Line using Internet of Things(IOT)

(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 01 / 012)

Title 2: Fault location in EHV transmission lines using Artificial Neural Networks
Author: TAHAR BOUTHIBA
Year: 2004
This paper deals with the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to fault detection and location in extra high voltage
(EHV) transmission lines for high speed protection using terminal line data. The proposed neural fault detector and locator were
trained using various sets of data available from a selected power network model and simulating different fault scenarios (fault
types, fault locations, fault resistances and fault inception angles) and different power system data (source capacities, source
voltages, source angles, time constants of the sources).
III. TRANSMITTER SECTION

Receiver Section:

Working Explanation:
To attain our concept need to use pic16f877a controller, voltage sensor, current sensor, speed sensor, buzzer, temperature sensor,
LCD. The project is assembled with a set of resistors representing cable length in KMs and fault creation is made by a set of
switches at every known KM to cross check the accuracy of the same. The voltage drop across the feeder resistor is given to an
ADC which develops a precise digital data which the programmed microcontroller would display the same in Kilo meters. The
fault occurring at what distance and which phase is displayed on a 16X2 LCD interfaced with the microcontroller.

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73

Detection of Fault Location in Transmission Line using Internet of Things(IOT)

(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 01 / 012)

If the temperature higher than the threshold value at that time buzzer and LCD will give intimation. Calculated values are
sends to the internet with help of IOT.RTC is used here to time and date reference, that when the event occurs.
Error Identification Using Fault Switch:
AFCI

SYMPTOM
Trips when
Trips when any
somesmall load runs
thing runs
on the circuit
on another
circuit

Never trips,
even when
"TEST" is
pushed

Trips
right
away

Trips
within 5
sec.

Trips in 1
min. to 1
month

1 Overload

--

--

yes

--

--

--

2 Short circuit
3 Overheating
AFCI
4 Ground- fault
(4) Neutral shared
with another
circuit
5 Arc- fault

yes

yes

--

--

--

--

--

--

yes

--

--

--

yes

yes

--

yes

--

--

yes

--

--

yes

yes

--

--

--

yes

--

--

--

AFCI device
miswired

yes

--

--

yes

--

yes

Bad AFCI

rare

--

--

--

--

yes

CAUSE:

Advantages:
Devices are enabled by wireless communication.
Coverage area is large compared to the existing system.
Less number of components and manual observation. So it is economically reliable and low cost

Application:
Used in transmission line.
Used in textile mills.
Used in food industry.

SOLUTION:

Reduce wattage in use on

circuit
Short
Replace AFCI and put in
diff. location in panel
Ground fault
Call experienced
electrician
See C below
AFCI's own white goes to
neutral bar, circuit white
to "load neut"
Replace

IV. CONCLUSION
In the existing system the reliability of fault detection is poor. The method proposed now provides us a cheap and highly reliable
way to locate the faults in the three phase transmission lines and also supports data storage. Hence this method can be
implemented to detect the faults and retrieve the corresponding data anytime.
REFERENCES
M. M. Saha, J. Iykowski, and E. Rosolowski, Fault Location on Power Networks. New York: Springer, 2010.
M. T. Sant and Y. G. Paithankar, Online digital fault locator for overhead transmission line, Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng., vol. 126, no. 11, pp. 11811185,
1979.
[3] T. Takagi, Y. Yamakoshi, M. Yamaura, R. Kondow, and T. Matsushima,Development of a new type fault locator using the one-terminal voltage and
current data, IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst.,vol. PAS-101, no. 8, pp. 28922898, 1982.
[4] A. Wiszniewski, Accurate fault impedance locating algorithm, Inst.Elect. Eng., Gen. Transm. Distrib., vol. 130, no. 6, pp. 311314, 1983.
[5] L. Eriksson, M. Saha, and G. D. Rockefeller, An accurate fault locator with compensation for apparent reactance in the fault resistance resulting from
remore-end infeed, IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., vol.PAS-104, no. 2, pp. 423436, 1985.
[6] M. S. Sachdev and R. Agarwal, A technique for estimating transmission line fault locations from digital impedance relay measurements,IEEE Trans.
Power Del., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 121129, 1988.
[7] A. Johns and S. Jamali, Accurate fault location technique for power transmission lines, Inst. Elect. Eng., Gen. Transm. Distrib., vol. 137, no. 6, pp. 395
402, 1990
[8] Transmission Line Fault Detection Using Android Application Via Bluetooth By MD AsaduzzamanNur, Jahidul Islam, Md. Golam Mostofa & Moshiul
Alam Chowdhury.
[9] Transmission Line Fault Detection & Phase Selectionusing ANN. Sanaye- Pasand1, H. Khorashadi-Zadeh2.
[10] Three Phase Transmission lines fault Detection, Classification and Location Raunak Kumar Student, Electrical Engineering, National Institute of
Technology, Raipur, 492010, C.G., India
[1]
[2]

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