Intensity (physics)

In physics, intensity is the power transferred per unit area, where the area is measured on the plane
perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the energy.[1] In the SI system, it has
units watts per square metre (W/m2). It is used most frequently with waves (e.g. sound or light), in
which case the average power transfer over oneperiod of the wave is used. Intensity can be applied
to other circumstances where energy is transferred. For example, one could calculate the intensity of
the kinetic energy carried by drops of water from a garden sprinkler.
The word "intensity" as used here is not synonymous with "strength", "amplitude", "magnitude", or
"level", as it sometimes is in colloquial speech.
Intensity can be found by taking the energy density (energy per unit volume) at a point in space and
multiplying it by the velocity at which the energy is moving. The resulting vector has the units of
power divided by area (i.e., surface power density).

Magnitude (astronomy)
In astronomy, magnitude is a logarithmic measure of the brightness of an object, measured in a
specific wavelengthor passband, usually in the visible or near-infrared spectrum. An imprecise but
systematic determination of the magnitude of objects was introduced in ancient times by Hipparchus.
Astronomers use two different definitions of magnitude: apparent magnitude and absolute
magnitude. The apparent magnitude (m, or vmag for the visible spectrum) is the brightness of an
object as it appears in the night sky from Earth, while the absolute magnitude (Mv, V and H)
describes the intrinsic brightness of an object as it would appear if it were placed at a certain
distance from Earth. This distance is 10 parsecs for stars and 1 astronomical
unit for asteroids andplanets. The size of an asteroid is typically estimated based on its absolute
magnitude.[1]
The brighter an object appears, the lower the value of its magnitude, with the brightest objects
reaching negative values. The Sun has an apparent magnitude of 27, the full moon 13, the
brightest planet Venus measures 5, andSirius, the brightest visible star in the night sky, is at 1.5.
An apparent magnitude can also be assigned to man-made objects in Earth orbit. The
brightest satellite flares are ranked at 9, and the International Space Station appears at a
magnitude of 6. The scale is logarithmic, and defined such that each step of one magnitude
changes the brightness by a factor of the fifth root of 100, or about 2.512. A magnitude 1 star is
exactly a hundred times brighter than a magnitude 6 star, as the difference of five magnitude steps
corresponds to (2.512)5 or 100.[2]

What Should I Do Before, During, And After An Earthquake?

What to Do Before an Earthquake

school or workplace Make sure you have a fire extinguisher, first aid kit, a batterypowered radio, a flashlight, and extra batteries at home.

Learn first aid.

Learn how to turn off the gas, water, and electricity.

Make up a plan of where to meet your family after an earthquake.

Don't leave heavy objects on shelves (they'll fall during a quake).

Anchor heavy furniture, cupboards, and appliances to the walls or floor.

Learn the earthquake plan at your.

What to Do During an Earthquake

Stay calm! If you're indoors, stay inside. If you're outside, stay outside.

If you're indoors, stand against a wall near the center of the building, stand in a doorway,
or crawl under heavy furniture (a desk or table). Stay away from windows and outside
doors.

If you're outdoors, stay in the open away from power lines or anything that might fall.
Stay away from buildings (stuff might fall off the building or the building could fall on
you).

Don't use matches, candles, or any flame. Broken gas lines and fire don't mix.

If you're in a car, stop the car and stay inside the car until the earthquake stops.

Don't use elevators (they'll probably get stuck anyway).

What to Do After an Earthquake

Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first aid for anyone who needs it.

Check water, gas, and electric lines for damage. If any are damaged, shut off the valves.
Check for the smell of gas. If you smell it, open all the windows and doors, leave
immediately, and report it to the authorities (use someone else's phone).

Turn on the radio. Don't use the phone unless it's an emergency.

Stay out of damaged buildings.

Be careful around broken glass and debris. Wear boots or sturdy shoes to keep from
cutting your feet.

Be careful of chimneys (they may fall on you).

Stay away from beaches. Tsunamis and seiches sometimes hit after the ground has
stopped shaking.

Stay away from damaged areas.

If you're at school or work, follow the emergency plan or the instructions of the person in
charge.

Expect aftershocks.