Acute Renal Failure

Predisposing Factors
- Age
- Gender
- Race

Precipitating
Factors
- Diabetic
nephropathy
Glomerulonephritis
- Renal Obstruction

Decreased blood flow to the renal arteries

Release of rennin by the juxtaglomerular

apparatus
Renin enters the blood stream

Conversion of angiotensinogen in the liver to

angiotensin I

Angiotensinogen I passes through the lung

capillaries

ACE in the Lung capillaries converts

Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II (potent
vasoconstrictor)

VASOCONSTRICTION

Release of
Aldosterone in the
adrenal glands

Sodium retention

Increase Plasma

Increase BLOOD PRESSURE

Decrease Tissue Perfusion

Unable to excrete metabolic waste

If TREATED:
Dialysis
Antihypertensive Meds
Diuretics
etc.

If Not TREATED:

Signs and
Symptoms:
- Decrease Urine
output
- Increase BUN
- Increase Serum
Creatinine
- Edema

Good Prognosis/ Poor

Prognosis
(It depends on the patients
Coping abilities)

Recurrent ARF

Further damage to the

glomeruli

Hypertrophy of the remaining

healthy glomeruli

A number of the
hyperthrophied glomeruli dies

Signs and
Symptoms:
Nocturia
fatigue
lassitude
anorexia
uremia

Renal Impairment (40-50%

remaining GFR)

Further stimulation of RAAS

(rennin angiotensin
aldosterone system)

Further damage occurs

Signs and
Symptoms:
- Muscle cramps
- hypereflexia
- seizure
- nausea and
vomiting
- uremic frost

Renal Insufficiency
(20-40% remaining GFR)

Renal Failure
(10-20% remaining GFR)

ESRD

DEATH