Lun n tt nghip ng c

khng ng b

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

PHN I. THIT K NG C KHNG NG B .............................................. 5

CHNG 1. NGUYN L LM VIC V KT CU MY IN KHNG
NG B ............................................................................................................... 5
I. i cng v my in khng ng b ........................................................... 5
II. Nguyn l lm vic ca ng c khng ng b ........................................... 5
III. Cu to ca ng c khng ng b ............................................................ 7
IV. Cng dng ..................................................................................................... 9
V. Kt cu ca my in...................................................................................... 9
CHNG 2. NHNG VN D CHUNG KHI THIT K NG C KHNG
NG B RTO LNG SC ............................................................................. 13
I. u dim .......................................................................................................... 13
II. Khuyt im .................................................................................................. 13
III. Bin php khc phc ................................................................................... 13
IV. Nhn xt ....................................................................................................... 13
V. Tiu chun sn sut ng c ........................................................................ 13
VI. Phng php thit k................................................................................... 14
VII. Ni dung thit k ........................................................................................ 14
VIII. Cc tiu chun i vi ng c khng ng b rto lng sc ................. 14
IX. Trnh t thit k ........................................................................................... 18
CHNG 3. TNH TON MY IN KHNG NG B ............................... 19
I. Xc nh kch thc ch yu .......................................................................... 19
II. Thit k stato................................................................................................. 21
III. Thit k li st rto ..................................................................................... 23
IV. Khe h khng kh ......................................................................................... 25
V. Tham s ca ng c in khng ng b trong qu trnh khi ng......... 26
PHN II. THIT K V TNH TON NG C KHNG NG B BA PHA
RTO LNG SC.................................................................................................... 30
CHNG 1. KCH THC CH YU .............................................................. 32
1. S i cc .................................................................................................. 32
2. ng knh ngoi stato ............................................................................. 32
CHNG 2. DY QUN, RNH STATO V KHE H KHNG KH ............... 34
1. M hiu thp v b dy l thp.................................................................. 34
2. Kt cu stato ca v my in xoay chiu................................................. 34
4. Bc rnh stato ......................................................................................... 34
5. S thanh dn tc dng ca mt rnh ur1 ................................................... 35
6. S vng dy ni tip ca mt pha.............................................................. 35
7. Tit din v ng knh dy dn ............................................................... 35
8. Kiu dy qun ............................................................................................ 35
9. H s dy qun .......................................................................................... 37
10. T thng khe h khng kh .................................................................. 37
11. Mt t thng khe h khng kh B v ti ng A ............................. 37
12. S b nh chiu rng ca rng bz1........................................................ 37
13. S b chiu cao ca gng stato hg1 ......................................................... 37
14. Kch thc rnh v cch in ................................................................. 38
15. Din tch rnh tr nmSr ........................................................................ 38
16. B rng rng stator bz1 ............................................................................ 39

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

17. Chiu cao gng stato ............................................................................... 39

18. Khe h khng kh ..................................................................................... 39
CHNG 3. DY QUN, RNH V GNG RTO ........................................... 40
1. S rnh rto Z2 .......................................................................................... 40
2. ng knh ngoi rto D ......................................................................... 40
3. Bc rng rto t2 ....................................................................................... 40
4. S b nh chiu rng ca rng rto bz2 .................................................. 40
5. ng knh trc rto Dt ............................................................................ 40
6. Dng in trong thanh dn rto Itd ........................................................... 40
7. Dng in trong vng ngn mch Iv.......................................................... 41
8. Tit din thanh dn vng nhm Std ........................................................... 41
9. S b chn mt dng in trong vng ngn mch Sv = 2,5 A/mm2 ..... 41
10. Kch thc rnh rto v vng ngn mch ............................................... 41
11. Chiu cao vnh ngn mch hv ................................................................. 41
12. ng knh trung bnh vnh ngn mch Dv............................................ 41
13. B rng vnh ngn mch bv ..................................................................... 41
14. Din tch rnh rto Sr2 ............................................................................. 41
15. B rng rng rto 1/3 chiu cao rng .................................................. 41
16. Chiu cao gng rto hg2 .......................................................................... 42
17. Lm nghin rnh rto bn ...................................................................... 42
CHNG 4. TNH TON MCH T ................................................................. 43
1. H s khe h khng kh ............................................................................. 43
2. Dng thp KT cn ngui 2211................................................................ 43
3. Sc t ng khe h khng kh F ............................................................... 43
4. Mt t thng rng stator Bz1 ............................................................. 43
5. Sc t ng trn rng stato ....................................................................... 43
6. Mt t thmg rng rto Bz2 ............................................................... 44
7. Sc t ng trn rng rto Fz2 .................................................................. 44
8. H s bo ha rng kz ............................................................................... 44
9. Mt t thng trn gng stator Bg1 ........................................................ 44
10. Cng t trng gng stator Hg1: theo Bng V-9 (Ph lc V, trang
611 TKM), ta chn ...................................................................................... 44
11. Chiu di mch t gng stator Lg1 ....................................................... 44
12. Sc t ng gng stator Fg1 ................................................................. 44
13. Mt t thng trn gng rto Bg2 ......................................................... 44
14. Cng t trng gng rto Hg2: theo Bng V-9 (Ph lc V, trang
611 TKM), ta chn ...................................................................................... 44
15. Chiu di mch h gng rto Lg2 ........................................................... 44
16. Sc t ng gng rto Fg2 .................................................................... 45
17. Tng sc t ng ca mch t F ............................................................ 45
18. H s bo ha ton mch k .................................................................... 45
19. Dng in t ha I ................................................................................. 45
20. Dng in t ha phn trm ................................................................... 45
CHNG 5. THAM S NG C IN CH NH MC .................. 46
1. Chiu di phn u ni ca dy qun stator L1 ...................................... 46
2. Chiu di trung bnh na vng ca dy qun stator ltb ........................... 46

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

3. Chiu di dy qun mt pha ca stator L1 ................................................ 46

4. in tr tc dng ca dy qun stator r1 ................................................ 46
5. in tr tc dng ca dy qun rto rtd .................................................... 46
6. in tr vng ngn mch rv ...................................................................... 47
7. in tr rto r2 .......................................................................................... 47
8. H s quy i .......................................................................................... 47
9. in tr rto quy i ............................................................................ 47
10. H s t dn tn rnh stator r1 .............................................................. 47
11. H s t dn tn tp stator ...................................................................... 48
12. H s t tn phn u ni 1 .................................................................. 48
13. H s t dn tn ca stator .................................................................... 48
14. in khng dy qun stator x1 ................................................................ 48
15. H s t dn tn rnh rto r2 ................................................................. 48
16. H s t dn tn tp rto......................................................................... 49
17. H s t dn tn phn u ni ................................................................ 49
18. H st tn do rnh nghin ..................................................................... 49
19. H s t tn rto ...................................................................................... 49
20. in khng tn dy qun rto ................................................................. 49
21. in khng rto quy i ..................................................................... 49
22. in khng h cm x12 ............................................................................ 49
23. Tnh lai kE ................................................................................................ 50
CHNG 6. TN HAO THP V TN HAO C .............................................. 51
1. .................................................................................................................... 51
2. Trng lng gng t stato ......................................................................... 51
3. Tn hao st trong li st stato ................................................................... 52
4. Tn hao b mt trn rng rto .................................................................. 52
5. Tn hao p mch trn rng rto ............................................................. 53
6. Tng tn hao thp ...................................................................................... 53
7. Tn hao c ................................................................................................. 53
8. Tn hao khng ti ...................................................................................... 53
CHNG 7. C TNH LM VIC ................................................................... 54
1. H s C1 ..................................................................................................... 54
2. Thnh phn phn khng ca dng in ch ng b........................ 54
3. Thnh phn tc dng ca dng in ch ng b ............................ 54
4. Sc in ng E1 ....................................................................................... 55
5. H s trt nh mc ................................................................................. 55
6. H s trt ti momen cc i .................................................................. 55
7. Bi s momen cc i................................................................................ 55
CHNG 8. TNH TON C TNH KHI NG .......................................... 58
1. Tham s ca ng c in khi xt n hiu ng mt ngoi vi s = 1 ....... 58
2. Tham s ca ng c in khi xt n hiu ng mt ngoi v s bo ha
ca mch t tn khi s=1 ................................................................................ 59
4. Dng in khi ng ................................................................................. 61
5. Bi s dng in khi ng ....................................................................... 61
6. Bi s momen khi ng ........................................................................... 61
CHNG 9 TNH TON NHIT......................................................................... 62

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

1. Cc ngun nhit trn s thay th nhit bao gm ................................. 62

2. Nhit tr trn mt li st stator ................................................................. 63
3. Nhit tr phn u ni dy qun stator .................................................... 63
4. Nhit tr c trng cho chnh lch gia khng kh nng bn trong my
v v my ....................................................................................................... 64
5. Nhit tr b mt ngoi v my .................................................................. 64
6. Nhit tr trn lp cch in rnh ............................................................. 65
7. chnh nhit ca v my vi mi trng .............................................. 66
8. tng nhit ca dy qun stato .............................................................. 66
CHNG 10. TNH TON THNG GI V LM NGUI ............................... 67
I. H thng thng gi ........................................................................................ 67
II. Tnh ton thng gi ...................................................................................... 68
1. Xc nh lng khng kh cn thit ........................................................... 68
III. Tnh ton qut gi ....................................................................................... 69
1. c im ca qut ly tm .......................................................................... 69
2. c tnh ca qut ly tm ........................................................................... 69
1. Xc nh lng khng kh cn thit Q ....................................................... 70
2. Lng khong kh tiu hao cc i ............................................................. 70
3. Tnh ton qut ly tm................................................................................ 70
4. Chiu cao cnh qut .................................................................................. 73
5. S cnh qut .............................................................................................. 73
6. Kch thc qut ......................................................................................... 73
7. Cng sut qut Pq ...................................................................................... 73
CHNG 11. TNH TON C............................................................................ 74
I. Tnh ton trc................................................................................................. 74
II. Chn kch thc trc .................................................................................... 75
2. Kim tra bn trc .................................................................................. 75
3. Tnh ton gi trc bi ............................................................................... 78
4. Chn v my .............................................................................................. 79
5. Chn np my ............................................................................................ 80
6. Kch thc tng qut v chn ca my theo ph lc I trang 598
(TKMD) ......................................................................................................... 80
7. Chn mc treo ........................................................................................... 80
CHNG 12. TRONG LNG VT LIU TC DNG V CH TIU S
DNG ................................................................................................................... 82
1. Trng lng thp silic cu chun b ........................................................... 82
2. Trng lng dng ca dy qun stato ...................................................... 82
3. Trng lng nhm rto (khng k cnh qut vnh ngn mch) ............ 82
PHN III
TIT KIM NNG LNG IN BNG CCH IU KHIN H S CNG
SUT83
1.iu Khin H S Cng Sut- Mch Chi Tit C Bn83
2.Mch Khuch i Ch Khng Lin Tc n Vi Ch Lin Tc Cho
S iu Chnh H S Cng Sut85
3.S n nh in p ng Vo Trong B Khuch i Ch Lin Tc 88
4.S n nh Ng Ra Trong B n nh Khuch i Ch Lin Tc .89

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n tt nghip ng c
khng ng b

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

PHN 1. THIT K NG C KHNG NG B

CHNG 1. NGUYN L LM VIC V KT CU MY IN KHNG
NG B
I. i cng v my in khng ng b
My in khng ng b do kt cu n gin, lm vic chc chn, s dng
v bo qun thun tin, gi thnh r nn c s dng rng ri trong nn kinh t
quc dn, nht l loi cng sut di 100 kW.
ng c in khng ng b rto lng sc cu to n gin nht nht l loi
rto lng sc c nhm) nn chim mt s lng kh ln trong loi ng c cng
sut nh v trung bnh. Nhc im ca ng c ny l iu chnh tc kh khn
v dng in khi ng ln thng bng 6-7 ln dng in nh mc. b khuyt
cho nhc im ny, ngi ta ch to ng c khng ng b rto lng sc nhiu
tc v dng rto rnh su, lng sc kp h dng in khi ng, ng thi
tng mmen khi ng ln.
ng c in khng ng b rto dy qun c th iu chnh tc c tc
trong mt chng mc nht nh, c th to mt mmen khi ng ln m dng khi
ng khng ln lm, nhng ch to c kh hn so vi vi loi rto lng sc, do
gi thnh cao hn, bo qun cng kh hn.
ng c in khng ng b c sn xut theo kiu bo v IP23 v kiu
kn IP44. Nhng ng c in theo cp bo v IP23 dng qut gi hng tm t
hai u rto ng c in. Trong cc ng c rto lng sc c nhm th cnh qut
nhm c c trc tip ln vnh ngn mch. Loi ng c in theo cp bo v
IP44 thng nh vo cnh qut t ngoi v my thi gi mt ngoi v my,
do tn nhit c km hn do vi loi IP23 nhng bo dng my d dng hn.
Hin nay cc nc sn xut ng c in khng ng b theo dy tiu
chun. Dy ng c khng ng b cng sut t 0,55-90 KW k hiu l K theo tiu
chun Vit Nam 1987-1994 c ghi trong bng 10-1 (Trang 228 TKM). Theo
tiu chun ny, cc ng c in khng ng b trong dy iu ch to theo kiu
IP44.
Ngoi tiu chun trn cn c tiu chun TCVN 315-85, quy nh dy cng
sut ng c in khng ng b rto lng sc t 110 kW-1000 kW, gm
c cng sut sau: 110,160, 200, 250, 320, 400, 500, 630, 800 v 1000 kW.
K hiu ca mt ng c in khng ng b rto lng sc c ghi theo k
hiu v tn gi ca dy ng c in, k hiu v chiu cao tm trc quay, k hiu v
kch thc lp t d trc v k hiu v s trc.
II. Nguyn l lm vic ca ng c khng ng b
ng c khng ng b ba pha c hai phn chnh: stato (phn tnh) v rto
(phn quay). Stato gm c li thp trn c cha dy qun ba pha.
Khi u dy qun ba pha vo li in ba pha, trong dy qun s c cc
dng in chy, h thng dng in ny tao ra t trng quay, quay vi tc :

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-5 -

Lun n Tt Nghip
n1 = 60 *

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

f1
p

Trong :
-f1: tn s ngun in
-p: s i cc t ca dy qun
Phn quay, nm trn trc quay bao gm li thp rto. Dy qun rto bao gm
mt s thanh dn t trong cc rnh ca mch t, hai u c ni bng hai vnh
ngn mch.

n1 N1
Fdt
n2

n2
Fdt
s1

n1

Hnh 1.1
T trng quay ca stato cm ng trong dy rto sc in ng E, v dy
qun stato kn mch nn trong c dng in cha. S tc dng tng h gia
cc thanh dn mang dng in vi t trng ca my to ra cc lc in t Ft tc
dng ln thanh dn c chiu xc nh theo quy tc bn tay tri.
Tp hp cc lc tc dng ln thanh dn theo phng tip tuyn vi b mt
rto to ra mmen quay rto. Nh vy, ta thy in nng ly t li in c
bin thnh c nng trn trc ng c. Ni cch khc, ng c khng ng b l mt
thit b in t, c kh nng bin in nng ly t li in thnh c nng a ra
trn trc ca n. Chiu quay ca rto l chiu quay ca t trng, v vy ph thuc
vo th t pha ca in p li t trn dy qun stato. Tc ca rto n2 l tc
lm vic v lun lun nh hn tc t trng v ch trong trng hp mi xy
ra cm ng sc in ng trong dy qun rto. Hiu s tc quay ca t trng v
rto c c trng bng mt i lng gi l h s trt s:
s=

n1 n2
n1

Khi s=0 ngha l n1=n2, tc rto bng tc t trng, ch ny gi l

ch khng ti l tng (khng c bt c sc cn no ln trc). ch khng
ti thc, s0 v c mt t sc cn gi, ma st do bi
Khi h s trt bng s=1, lc rto ng yn (n2=0), momen trn trc bng
momen m my.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-6 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

H s trt ng vi ti nh mc gi l h s trt nh mc. Tng ng vi

h s trt ny gi tc ng c gi l tc nh mc.
Tc ng c khng ng b bng:
n2 = n1 * (1 s)

Mt c im quan trng ca ng c khng ng b l dy qun stato

khng c ni trc tip vi li in, sc in ng v dng in trong rto c
c l do cm ng, chnh v vy ngi ta cng gi ng c ny l ng c cm
ng.
Tn s dng in trong rto rt nh, n ph thuc vo tc trt ca rto
so vi t trng:
f2 = p *

n1 n2 p * n1 * ( n1 n2 )
=
= s * f1
60
60 * n1

ng c khng ng b c th lm vic ch my pht in nu ta dng

mt ng c khc quay n vi tc cao hn tc ng b, trong khi cc u ra
ca n c ni vi li n. N cng c th lm vic c lp nu trn u ra ca
n c kch bng cc t in.
ng c khng ng b c th cu to thnh ng c mt pha. ng c mt
pha khng th t m my c, v vy khi ng ng c mt pha cn c cc
phn t khi ng nh t in, in tr
III. Cu to ca ng c khng ng b
ng c khng ng b v cu to c chia lm hai loi: ng c khng
ng b ngn mch hay cn gi l rto lng sc v ng c dy qun. Stato c hai
loi nh nhau. phn lun vn ny ch nghin cu ng c khng ng b rto
lng sc.
1. Stato (phn tnh)
Stato bao gm v my, li thp v dy qun.
- V my
V my l ni c nh li st, dy qun v ng thi l ni ghp ni np hay
gi trc. V my c th lm bng gang nhm hay li thp. ch to v my
ngi ta c th c, hn, rn. V my c hai kiu: v kiu kn v v kiu bo v. V
my kiu kn yu cu phi c din tch tn nhit ln ngi ta lm nhiu gn tn
nhit trn b mt v my. V kiu bo v thng c b mt ngoi nhn, gi lm mt
thi trc tip trn b mt ngoi li thp v trong v my.
Hp cc l ni du in t li vo. i vi ng c kiu kn hp cc
yu cu phi kn, gia thn hp cc v v my vi np hp cc phi c ging cao
su. Trn v my cn c bulon vng cu my khi nng h, vn chuyn v bulon
tip mt.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

- Li st
Li st l phn dn t. V t trng i qua li st l t trng quay, nn
gim tn hao li st c lm nhng l thp k thut in dy 0,5mm p li. Yu
cu li st l phi dn t tt, tn hao st nh v chc chn.
Mi l thp k thut in u c ph sn cch in trn b mt gim tn
hao do dng in xoy gy nn (hn ch dng in phuco).
- Dy qun
Dy qun stator c t vo rnh ca li st v c cch in tt vi li
st. Dy qun ng vai tr quan trng ca my in v n trc tip tham gia cc qu
trnh bin i nng lng in nng thnh c nng hay ngc li, ng thi v mt
kinh t th gi thnh ca dy qun cng chim mt phn kh cao trong ton b gi
thnh my.
2. Phn quay (Rto)
Rto ca ng c khng ng b gm li st, dy qun v trc (i vi ng
c dy qun cn c vnh trt).
- Li st
Li st ca rto bao gm cc l thp k thut in nh ca stator, im khc
bit y l khng cn sn cch in gia cc l thp v tn s lm vic trong rto
rt thp, ch vi Hz, nn tn hao do dng phuco trong rto rt thp. Li st c p
trc tip ln trc my hoc ln mt gi rto ca my. Pha ngoi ca li thp c x
rnh t dy qun rto.
- Dy qun rto
Phn lm hai loi chnh: loi rto kiu dy qun va loi rto kiu lng sc
- Loi rto kiu dy qun
Rto c dy qun ging nh dy qun stato. My in kiu trung bnh tr ln
dng dy qun kiu sng hai lp, v bt nhng dy u ni, kt cu dy qun trn
rto cht ch. My in c nh dng dy qun ng tm mt lp. Dy qun ba pha
ca rto thng u hnh sao.
c im ca loi ng c kiu dy qun l c th thng qua chi than a
in tr ph hay sut in ng ph vo mch rto ci thin tnh nng m my
,iu chinh tc hay ci thin h s cng sut ca my.
- Loi rto kiu lng sc
Kt cu ca loi dy qun rt khc vi dy qun stato. Trong mi rnh ca
li st rto, t cc thanh dn bng ng hay nhm di khi li st v c ni tt
li hai u bng hai vng ngn mch bng ng hay nhm. Nu l rto c nhm
th trn vnh ngn mch cn c cc cnh khoy gi.
Rto thanh ng c ch to t ng hp kim c in tr sut cao nhm
mc ch nng cao mmen m my.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

ci thin tnh nng m my, i vi my c cng sut ln, ngi ta lm

rnh rto su hoc dng lng sc kp. i vi my in c nh, rnh rto c lm
cho gc so vi tm trc.
Dy qun lng sc khng cn cch in vi li st.
- Trc
Trc my in mang rto quay trong lng stato, v vy n cng l mt chi
tit rt quan trng. Trc ca my in ty theo kch thc c th c ch to t
thp Cacbon t 5 n 45.
Trn trc ca rto c li thp, dy qun, vnh trt v qut gi.
3. Khe h
V rto l mt khi trn nn khe h u. Khe h trong my in khng ng
b rt nh (0,21 mm trong my c nh v va) hn ch dng t ha ly t li
vo, nh h s cng sut ca my cao hn.
IV. Cng dng
My in khng ng b l my in ch yu dng lm ng c in. Do kt
cu n gin, lm vic chc chn, hiu qu cao, gi thnh r, d bo qun Nn
ng c khng ng b l loi my in c s dng rng ri nht trong cc ngnh
kinh t quc dn vi cng sut vi chc W n hng chc kW. Trong cng nghip
thng dng my in khng ng b lm ngun ng lc cho my cn thp loi
va v nh, ng lc cho cc my cng c cc nh my cng nghip nh Trong
hm m dng lm my ti hay qut gi. Trong nng nghip dng lm my bm
hay my gia cng nng phm. Trong i sng hng ngy, my in khng ng b
cng chim mt v tr quan trng nh qut gi, quay a ng c trong t lnh,
my git, my bm nht l loi rto lng sc. Tm li s pht trin ca nn sn
sut in kh ha, t ng ha v sinh hot hng ngy, phm vi ca my in khng
b ngy cng c rng ri.
My in khng ng b c th dng lm my pht in, nhng c tnh
khng tt so vi my in ng b, nn ch trong vi trng hp no (nh trong
qu trnh in kh ha nng thn) cn ngun in ph hay tm thi th n cng c
mt ngha rt quan trng.
V. Kt cu ca my in
Mc d kch thc ca cc b phn vt liu tc dng v c tnh ca my
ph thuc phn ln vo tnh ton in t v tnh ton thng gi tn nhit, nhng
cng c phn lin quan n kt cu ca my. Thit k kt cu phi m bo sao cho
my gn nh, thng gi tn nhit tt m vn c cng vng v bn nht nh.
Thng cn c vo iu kin lm vc ca my thit k ra mt kt cu thch hp,
sau tnh ton c cc b phn xc nh cng v bn ca cc chi tit my.
V vy thit k kt cu l mt phn quan trng trong tan b thit k my in.
My in c rt nhiu kiu kt cu khc nhau. S d nh vy v nhng
nguyn nhn chnh sau:

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-9 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

- C nhiu loi my in v cng dng cng khc nhau nh my mt chiu,

my ng b, my khng ng b v. v cho nn yu cu i vi kt cu my cmg
khc nhau. Cng sut my khc nhau nhiu. nhng my cng sut nh th gi
trc ng thi l np my. i vi my ln th phi c trc ring.
- Tc quay khc nhau. My tc cao th rto cn phi chc chn hn,
my tc chm th ng knh rto thng ln.
- S khc nhau ca ng c s cp ko n (i vi my pht in) hay ti
(i vi ng c in) nh tuabin nc, tuabin hi, my diezen, bm nc hay my
cng tc v. vPhng thc truyn ng hay lp ghp cng khc nhau.
- Cn c vo tnh ton in t v tnh ton thng gi c th a ra nhiu
phng n khc nhau. Nhng phng n ny v kch thc, trng lng, tnh tin
li khi s dng, tin cy khi lm vic, tnh gin n khi ch to v gi thnh ca
my c th khng ging nhau. V vy khi thit k cn ch tt c cc yu t .
Nguyn tc chung tit k kt cu:
- m bo ch to n gin, gi thnh h
- m bo bo dng my thun tin
- m bo tin cy ca my khi lm vic
1. Phn loi cc kiu kt cu my in nh hnh
Kt cu ca nhng my in hin nay c nh hnh theo cch bo v, cch
lp ghp, thng gi, c tnh ca mi trng bn ngoi
a) Phn loi theo phng php bo v my i vi mi trng bn ngoi
Cp bo v my c nh hng rt ln n kt cu ca my. Cp bo v c
k hiu bng ch IP v hai ch s km theo, trong ch s th nht ch mc
bo v chng s tip xc ca ngi v cc vt khc ri vo my, c chia lm 7
cp nh s t 0 n 6, trong s 0 ch rng my khng c bo v (kiu h
hon ton) cn s 6 ch rng my c bo v hon ton khng cho ngi tip xc
, vt v bi khng lt vo, ch s th hai ch mc bo v chng nc vo my
gm cp nh s t 0 n 8, trong s 0 ch rng my khng c bo v cn s 8
ch my c th ngm trong nc trong thi gian v hn nh.
Thng c thi quen chia cp bo v theo phng php lm ngui my.
Theo cch ny my in c chia thnh cc kiu kt cu sau:
- Kiu h
Loi ny khng c trang b bo v s tip xc t nhin cc b phn quay v
b phn mang in, cng khng c trang b bo v cc vt bn ngoi ri vo my.
Loi ny c ch to theo kiu t lm ngui. Theo cp bo v th y l loi IP00.
Loi ny thng t trong nh c ngi trng coi v khng cho ngi ngoi n
gn.
- Kiu bo v
C trang b bo v chng s tip xc ngu nhin cc b phn quay hay mang
in, bo v cc vt ngoi hoc nc ri vo theo cc gc khc nhau. Loi ny
SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

thng l t thng gi. Theo cp bo v th kiu ny thuc cc cp bo v t IP11

n IP33
- Kiu kn
L loi my m khng gian bn trong my v mi trng bn ngoi my
c cch ly. Ty theo mc kn m cp bo v l t IP44 tr ln. Kiu kn
thng l t thng gi bng cch thi gi mt ngoi v my hay thng gi c lp
bng cch a gi vo trong my bng ng ng. Thng dng loi ny mi
trng nhiu bi, m t
Kiu bo v c bit nh loi chng n, bo v chng mi trng ha cht.
b) Phn loi theo cch lp t
Theo cch lp t my, k hiu ch IM km theo 4 ch s tip theo. y,
ch s th nht ch kiu kt cu gm 9 s nh t 1 n 9 trong s 1 ch bi
c lp trn np my v s 9 ch cch lp t bit. Ch s th hai v ba ch cch
thc lp t v hng ca trc my. S th t ch kt cu ca u trc gm 9 loi
nh s t 0 n 8 trong s 0 ch my c mt u trc hnh tr, s 8 ch u trc
c cc kiu c bit khc.
2. Kt cu stato ca my in xoay chiu
a) V my
Khi thit k kt cu v stato phi kt hp vi yu cu v truyn nhit v
thng gi, ng thi phi c cng v bn, khng nhng sau khi lp li st
v c khi gia cng v. Thng cng th bn. V c th chia lm hai
loi: loi c gn trong v loi khng c gn trong. Loi khng c gn trong thng
dng i vi my in c nh hoc kiu kn, lc lng li st p st vo mt trong
ca v my v truyn nhit trc tip ln v my. Loi c gn trong c c im l
trong lc gia cng, tc ct gt chm nhng ph liu b i t hn loi khng c
gn trong.
Loi v bng thp tm hn gm t nht l hai vng thp tm tr ln v nhng
gn ngang lm thnh khung. Nhng dng khc u xut pht t dng c bn .
b) Li st stato
Khi ng knh ngoi li st nh hn 1m th dng tm nguyn lm li st.
Li st sau khi p vo v s c mt cht c nh vi v khi b quay di tc
ng ca momen in t
Nu ng knh ngoi ca li st ln hn 1m th dng cc tm hnh r qut
ghp li. Khi y ghp li st, thng dng hai tm thp dy p hai u. trnh
c lc hng tm v lc ht cc tm, thng lm nhng cnh ui nhn hnh r
qut trn cc tm ghp cc tm vo cc gn tr v my.
3. Kt cu rto ca my in xoay chiu v mt chiu
V kt cu rto my in mt chiu v xoay chiu c nhiu im ging nhau.
Khi xt n kt cu ca rto cn phi ch n cc lc tc ng ln rto khi my
lm vic.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Nu ng knh rto nh hn 350 mm th li st rto thng c p trc

tip ln trc hoc ng lng trc. l v ng knh rto khng ln, phn trong ca
li thp ct ra khng dng c vo vic g c kinh t ln m kt cu rto li c
n gin ha. Vic dng ng lng cng hn ch, ch dng khi cn thit nh ng
c in trn tu thay trc c d dng. Khi ng knh rto ln hn 350 mm,
ng knh trong rto c gng ly ln hn dng li ly ra lm vic khc, do
cn gi rto.
Khi ng knh rto ln hn 1000 mm th dng cc tm tn silic hnh r qut
p li. Lc dng gi rto hnh cnh sao. Gi rto trong cc my ln thng
lm bng thp tm hn li.
Li thp cn c p cht vi p sut t 5 kg/cm2 i vi my c trung, n
10kg/cm2 i vi my c nh v phi c nhng vng p m bo gi p sut .
trnh li st hai u b tn ra th trong my nh dng nhng tm thp dy 1,5
mm p li. Trong my ln dng tm thp c rng. Rng phi tn hay hn vo tm
thp p m bo khi quay khng vng ra.
Vng p ca my in mt chiu v my khng ng b rto dy qun mt
mt dng p cht li st, mt mt dng lm gi u dy qun. Trong my
in c nh thng c bng gan, trong my ln thng dmg thp tm hn li.
Dng gi lin vnh p s d dng cho vic ai u dy cho khi vng ra khi
quay.
Rto my in khng ng b thng c rnh na kn v dng nm c nh
dy trong rnh.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

CHNG 2. NHNG VN D CHUNG KHI THIT K NG C

KHNG NG B RTO LNG SC
I. u dim
- Kt cu n gin nn gi thnh r.
- Vn hnh d dng, bo qun thun tin.
- S dng rng ri v ph bin trong phm vi cng sut nh v va.
- Sn xut vi nhiu cp in p khc nhau (t 24 V n 10 kV) nn rt thch
nghi cho tng ngi s dng.
II. Khuyt im
- H s cng sut thp gy tn tht nhiu cng sut phn khng ca li in.
- Khng s dng c lc non ti hoc khng ti.
- Kh iu chnh tc .
- c tnh m my khng tt, dng m my ln (gp 6-7 ln dng nh
mc).
- Momen m my nh.
III. Bin php khc phc
- Hn ch vn hnh non ti.
- Ci thin c tnh m my bng cch iu chnh tc (bng cch thay i
in p, thm in tr ph vo mch rto hoc ni cp), hay dng rto c rnh su,
rto lng sc kp h dng khi ng, ng thi tng momen m my.
- Ch to rto c khe h tht nh hn ch dng in t ha v nng cao h
s cng sut.
IV. Nhn xt
Mt d c nhiu khuyt im nhng ng c khng ng b rto lng sc c
nhng u im m nhng ng c khc khng c c v quan trng nht l n
gin, d s dng, gi thnh r. Thc t ng c khng ng b rto lng sc c
p dng rng ri, chim s lng 90%, v cng sut chim 55%.
V. Tiu chun sn sut ng c
- Tiu chun v dy sn sut:
Chun ha dy cng sut ca ng c ph hp vi trnh sn xut ca
tng nc. Dy cng sut dc sp xp theo chiu tng dn.
- Tiu chun v kch thc lp t:
- cao tm trc h: lp c c ng b, th hin trnh sn xut, trang
b my cng c sn xut.
- Khong cch chn (gia cc l bc bulon).

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

VI. Phng php thit k

- Thit k n chit: mt cp cng sut (trong phm vi lun vn, chn
phng php thit k ny).
-Thit k dy: nhiu cng sut. Mt d cng mt c li st, nhng chiu di
khc nhau nn cng sut khc nhau.
VII. Ni dung thit k
Thit k in t:
- Xc nh kch thc ch yu.
- Xc nh thng s cc phn t xh yu ca my.
Cc chi tit ny khng tham gia vo qu trnh bin i nng lng.
VIII. Cc tiu chun i vi ng c khng ng b rto lng sc
1. Tiu chun v dy cng sut
Hin nay cc nc sn xut ng c in khng ng b theo dy tiu
chun. Dy ng c in khng ng b cng sut t 0,55 kW n 90kW k hiu K
theo tiu chun Vit Nam 1987-1994:
Cng sut (kW): 0, 55/ 0, 75/ 1, 1/ 1, 5/ 2, 2/ 3/ 4/5, 5/ 7, 5/ 11/ 15/ 18,
5/ 22/ 30/ 37/ 45/ 55/ 75/ 90
Dy cng sut c c trng bi s cp hay h s tng cng sut:
K HP 2 =

P2*n +1
P2*n

2. Tiu chun v kch thc lp c cao tm trc

- cao tm trc: t tm ca trc n b my. y l mt i lng rt quan
trng trong vic lp ghp ng c vi nhng c cu thit b khc.
- Kch thc lp c: chiu cao tm trc c th c chn theo dy cng sut
ca ng c in khng ng b rto lng sc.
3. K hiu my
V d: 3K 250 M4.
- 3K: ng c in khng ng b dy K thit k li ln 3.
- 250: chiu cao tm trc bng 250mm.
- M: kch thc lp c dc trc l M
- 4: my c 4 cc.
4. Cp bo v
Cp bo v c nh hng rt ln n kt cu ca my. Cp bo v c k
hiu bng ch IP v 2 ch s km theo, trong ch s th nht ch mc bo v
chng tip xc ca ngi v cc vt khc ri vo my. c chia lm 7 cp nh s
t 0-6, trong s 0 ch rng my khng c bo v (kiu h hon ton), cn s 6

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

ch rng my c bo v hon ton khng cho ngi tip xc, vt v bi khng

lt vo. Ch s th hai ch mc bo v chng nc vo my gm 9 cp nh s
t 0-8, trong s 0 ch rng my khng c bo v, cn s 8 ch rng, my c th
ngm trong nc trong thi gian v nh hn.
5. S lm mt
K hiu l IC
V d:
IC01 lm mt kiu bo v, lm mt trc tip.
IC0141 lm mt kiu kn, lm mt mt ngoi.
6. Cp cch in
- Dy A02: cp E, B
- Dy 4A: cp E, F, H
Vt liu cch in:
Vt liu cch in l mt trong nhng vt liu ch yu dng trong ngnh ch
to my in. Khi thit k my in, chn vt liu cch in l mt khu rt quan
trng v phi m bo my lm vic tt vi tui th nht nh, ng thi gi thnh
ca my li khng cao. Nhng iu kin ny ph thuc phn ln vo vic chn cch
in ca my.
Khi chn vt liu cch in cn ch n nhng vn sau:
- Vt liu cch din phi c bn cao, chu tc dng c hc tt, chu nhit
v dn nhit tt li t thm nc.
- Phi chn vt liu cch in c tnh cch in cao m bo thi gian lm
vic ca my t nht l 15-20 nm trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng, ng thi
m bo gi thnh ca my khng cao.
- Mt trong nhng yu t c bn nht l lm gim tui th ca vt liu cch
in (cng l tui th ca my) l nhit . Nu nhit vt qu nhit cho php
th cht in mi, bn c hc ca vt liu gim i nhiu, dn n s gi ha
nhanh chng cht cch in.
Hin nay, theo nhit cho php ca vt liu (nhit m vt liu cch in
lm vic tt trong 15-20 nm iu kin lm vic bnh thng). Hi k thut in
qut t IEC chia vt liu cch in thnh cc cp sau y:
Cp cch in
Y

90

105

120

130

155

180

>180

75

75

75

115

115

Nhit cho php(C)

gia tng nhit(C)

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Vt liu cch in thuc cc cp cch in trn i th c cc loi sau:

- Cp Y: Gm c s bng, t, si nhn to, giy v ch phm ca giy,
cactng, g v. v Tt c du khng tm sn cch in. Hin nay khng dng cch
ny v chu nhit km.
- Cp A: Vt liu cch in ch yu ca cp ny cng ging nh cp Y
nhng c tm sn cch in. Cp A c dng rng ri cho cc my in cng sut
n 100 kW, nhng chu m km, s dng vng nhit i khng tt.
- Cp E: Dng cc mng mng v si bng polyetylen tereftalat, cc si tm
sn tng hp lm t epoxy, trealat v aceton buterat xenlulo, cc mng sn cch
in gc v c trng ngoi dy dn (dy emay c bn c cao). Cp E c dng
rng ri cho cc my in c cng sut nh v trung bnh (n 100 kW hoc hn
na), chu m tt nn thch hp cho vng nhit i.
- Cp B: Dng vt liu ly t v c nh mica, aming, si thy tinh, du sn
cch in chiu nhit cao. Cp B c s dng nhiu trong cc my cng sut
trung bnh v ln.
- Cp F: Vt liu cng tng t nh cp B nhng c tm sn cch in gc
silicat chu nhit cao. cp F khng dng cc cht hu c nh vi la, giy v
cactong.
- Cp H: Vt liu ch yu cp ny l si thy tinh, mica, aming nh cp
F. Cc cht ny c tm sn cch in gc silicat chu nhit n 180C. Ngi ta
dng cp H trong cc my in lm vic iu kin phc tp c nhit cao.
- Cp C: Dng cc cht nh si thy tinh, thch anh, s chu nhit cao.
Cp C c dng cc my lm vic vi iu kin c bit c nhit cao.
Vic chn vt liu cch in trong cc my in c mt ngha quyt nh
n tui th v tin cy lc vn hnh ca my. Do vt liu cch in c nhiu
chng loi, k thut ch to cch in ngy cng pht trin, nn vic chn kt cu
cch in cng kh khn v thng phi chn tng hp nhiu loi cch in tha
mn c nhng yu cu v cch in.
Vt liu cch in trong ngnh ch to my in thng do nhiu vt liu
hp li nh mica phin, cht ph gia (giy hay si thy tinh) v cht kt dnh (sn
hay keo dn). i vi vt liu cch in, khng nhng yu cu c bn c cao,
ch to d m cn c yu cu v tnh nng in: c cch in cao, r in t.
Ngoi ra cn c yu cu v tnh nng nhit: chu nhit tt, dn nhit tt v yu cu
chu m tt.
Vt liu cch in dng trong mt my in hp thnh mt h thng cch
in. Vic t hp cc vt liu cch in, vic dng sn hay keo gn chc chng
li, nh hng gia cc cht cch in vi nhau, cch gia cng v tnh trng b mt
vt liu v. v s quyt nh tnh nng v c, in, nhit ca h thng cch in, v
tnh nng ca h thng cch in ny khng th hin mt cch n gin l tng hp
tnh nng ca tng loi vt liu cch in.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

7. Cc tiu chun khc

Cn quan tm n cos, ,
(

I min M min M max

,
,
I m M m M m

I min
) 15% (so vi tiu chun).
I m

Sai lch cho php:

(cos)
(

1 cos cp
6

*(P2 50 kW) 0,02333.

M max
) -10% (so vi tiu chun).
M m

-0, 15. (1-cp) *( P2 50 kW) 0, 01875.

(

M min
) -20% (so vi tiu chun).
M m

8. Ch lm vic
Gm c cc ch lm vic sau:
- Ch lm vic lin tc.
- Ch lm vic ngn hn.
- Ch lm vic ngn hn lp li.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

IX. Trnh t thit k

Tho
ng soban a
u

Xa
c nh kch th
c c ba
n

Thie
t keStato
Thie
t keRo
to
Tnh toa
n mach t
Mmm
Mm

KZ

Tnh toa
n tho
ng soda
y
KE
Tnh toa
n to
n hao
a
c tnh la
m vie
c

Imm
Im

Mmax
Mm

a
c tnh mma
y
Tnh toa
n nhie
t

Tnh toa
n c

Tnh toa
n tho
ng gio
Tnh toa
n va
t lie
u

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

CHNG 3. TNH TON MY IN KHNG NG B

I. Xc nh kch thc ch yu
1. Xc nh ng knh D v chiu di l
Nhng kch thc ch yu ca my in khng ng b l ng knh trong
stato D v chiu di li st l. Mc ch ca vic chn kch thc ch yu ny l
ch ti ra my kinh t hp l nht m tnh nng ph hp vi cc tiu chun nh
nc. Tnh kinh t ca my khng ch l vt liu s dng ch to ra my m cn
xt n qu trnh ch to trong nh my, nh tnh thng dng ca cc khung dp,
vt c, cc kch thc v chi tit tiu chun ha
Khi xc ch kch thc kt cu ca my in khng ng b, gia hai
ng knh trong v ngoi ca li st stato c mt quan h nht nh:
kD =

D
Dn

Quan h ny ph thuc vo s i cc v c nu trong bng:

2p
kD

0, 52 ~ 0, 57

0, 64 ~ 0, 68

0, 70 ~ 0, 72

8 ~ 12
0, 74 ~ 0, 77

Bng 2. 1 Tr s ca kD
ng knh ngoi Dn c lin quan mt thit vi chiu rng cun tn k thut
in v chiu cao tm trc my h c tiu chun ha. V vy, thng chn Dn
theo h v t tnh ngc li Dn.
ng knh ngoi ti a Dn max theo chiu cao tm trc h v ng knh
ngai tiu chun Dn ca cc ng c in khng ng b Nga, dy 4A cp cch
in F nh trong bng 10-3 trang 230 TKM
Chiu di phn ng c tnh theo cng thc:
l =

6,1.10 7.S
.k s .k d . A.B .D 2 .ndb

y S =

kE * P
gi l cng sut tnh ton, trong , cos l hiu sut
* cos

v h s cng sut nh mc ca my v c th tra theo bng pha di.

V kE= E/U lc u tra theo hnh 10-1 trang 231TKM.
Cng Hiu sut (%)
sut
(kW) Tc n (Vng / pht)

0. 55

Cos
Tc n (Vng / pht)

3000 1500 1000

750

73. 0 70. 5 67. 5

64. 0 -

SVTH : Chu Quang t

600

3000 1500 1000 750

600

0. 86 0. 70 0. 71 0. 65 -

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GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

0. 75

77. 0 72. 0 69. 0

68. 0 -

0. 87 0. 73 0. 74 0. 62 -

1. 1

77. 5 75. 0 74. 0

70. 0 -

0. 87 0. 81 0. 74 0. 68 -

1. 5

81. 0 77. 0 75. 0

74. 0 -

0. 85 0. 83 0. 74 0. 65 -

2. 2

83. 0 80. 0 81. 0

76. 5 -

0. 87 0. 83 0. 73 0. 71 -

3. 0

84. 5 82. 0 81. 0

79. 0 -

0. 88 0. 83 0. 76 0. 74 -

4. 0

86. 5 84. 0 82. 0

83. 0 -

0. 89 0. 84 0. 81 0. 70 -

5. 5

87. 5 85. 5 85. 0

83. 0 -

0. 91 0. 86 0. 86 0. 74 -

7. 5

87. 5 87. 5 85. 5

86. 0 -

0. 88 0. 86 0. 81 0. 75 -

11. 0

88. 0 87. 5 86. 0

87. 0 -

0. 90 0. 87 0. 86 0. 75 -

15. 0

88. 0 89. 0 87. 5

87. 0 -

0. 91 0. 88 0. 87 0. 82 -

18. 5

88. 5 90. 0 88. 0

88. 5 -

0. 92 0. 88 0. 87 0. 84 -

22. 0

88. 5 90. 0 90. 0

88. 5 -

0. 91 0. 90 0. 90 0. 81 -

30. 0

90. 5 91. 0 90. 5

90. 0 88. 0

0. 90 0. 89 0. 90 0. 83 0. 81

37. 0

90. 0 91. 0 91. 0

90. 0 91. 0

0. 90 0. 90 0. 89 0. 82 0. 81

45. 0

91. 0 92. 0 91. 5

91. 5 91. 5

0. 90 0. 90 0. 89 0. 84 0. 78

55. 0

91. 0 92. 5 92. 0

92. 0 92. 0

0. 92 0. 90 0. 88 0. 85 0. 79

75. 0

91. 0 93. 0 92. 0

92. 5 92. 0

0. 89 0. 90 0. 89 0. 85 0. 80

90. 0

92. 0 93. 0 92. 0

93. 0 92. 5

0. 90 0. 91 0. 89 0. 85 0. 83

Bng 2. 3 Hiu sut v cos dy ng c in khng ng b 3K

H s cung cc t v h s song ks ph thuc vo mc bo ha rng kz
ca mch t. Lc bt u tnh ton ta gi thuyt mt kz nht nh ri theo hnh 4.4
(trang 79, TKM) tra ra v ks. Sau khi tnh ton xong mch t mi nghim li tr
s kz. Nu sai s so vi ban u qu ln th phi gi thuyt li kz ri tnh li.
H s dy qun kd lc u chn theo kiu dy qun. i vi dy qun mt
lp ly kd = 0, 95 0, 96, vi dy qun hai lp hoc mt lp m 2p = 2 th kd = 0,90
0,91, cn my nhiu cc th kd= 0,91 0,92.
Trong my in khng ng b, khi chiu di li st ngn hn 250 ~ 300mm,
vic tn nhit khng kh khn lm nn li thp c th p thnh mt khi, do
chiu di tnh ton ca phn ng trn khe h bng chu di li st l1. Khi li st di
hn th phi c rnh thng gi hng knh, nn lc chiu di li st bng:

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

l1 = l + ng * bg

Trong ng v bg l s rnh v chiu rng rnh thng gi hng knh.

Thng ly bg = 1cm, cn ng th chn sao cho chiu di mi on li st vo khong
4 6cm.
2. Chn A v B
Vic chn A v B nh hng rt nhiu n kch thc ch yu D v l. ng
v mt tit kim vt liu th nn chn A v B ln, nhng nu A v B qu ln th
tn hao ng v st tng ln, lm my qu nng, nh hng n tui th s dng
my. Do khi chn A v B cn xt n vt liu s dng. Nu dng vt liu st t
tt (c tn hao t hoc t thm cao) th c th chn B ln. Dng dy ng c cp
cch in cao th c th chn A ln. Ngoi ra t s gia A v B cng nh hng
n c tnh lm vic v khi ng ca ng c khng ng b, v A c trng cho
mch in, B c trng cho mch t.
H s cos ca my ch yu ph thuc vo t l gia dng in t ha vi
dng in nh mc.
I
I m

= 1,78 *

k * k
kd1

B
*
A

T cng thc trn ta thy khi t s

I
I m

B
tng, ngha l B tng hay A gim th
A

tng dn n cos ca my gim.

Nh bit, momen khi ng Mk v momen cc i Mmax t l nghich vi

in khng ngn mch xn, xn cng nh th Mk v Mmax cng ln.
Quan h gia A v B trong my in khng ng b theo ng knh ngoi
Dn c biu th trong hnh 10- 2 (trang 231, TKM).
Cng ging cc my in khc, vic chn D v I cho mt my khng ch c
mt nhm tr s, v vy khi thit k phi cn c vo tnh hnh sn xut m tin hnh
so snh phng n mt cch ton din c mt phng n kinh t v hp l
nht.
my in khng ng b, qua nhng my thit k ch to v c tnh
nng tt, tnh kinh t cao th nn nm trong phm vi gch cho ca hnh 10- 3
(trang 233, TKM). V vy khi bt u thit k mt my mi nn nghim li sau
khi sc nh D v l.
II. Thit k stato
1. Dy qun stato
Vic chn kiu dy qun v kiu rnh stato cp th theo cch sau:
Vi in p 660 V, chiu cao tm trc 160 mm c th chn dy qun mt
lp ng tm c trong rnh na kn. Vi h = 180-250 mm dng dy qun 2 lp

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-21 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

c vo rnh na kn. Vi h 250 mm dng dy qun 2 lp phn t cng c vo

rnh na h.
Vi in p cao, U = 6000 V dng dy qun 2 lp phn t cng c vo rnh
h. Dy dn tit kim trn hin nay thng dng dy men cch in cp E tr ln.
Dy dn tit kim ch nht thng dng loi bc 2 lp si thy tinh cch in cp B
tr ln.
Mun chn kch thc dy trc ht phi chn mt dng in J ca dy
dn. Cn c vo dng in nh mc tnh ra tit din cn thit. Vic chn mt
dng in nh hng n hiu sut v s pht nng ca my m s pht nng ny
ch yu ph thut vo tch s AJ. Trong my in khng ng b, tch s AJ theo
ng knh ngoi li st Dn c nu trong hnh 10-4 (trang 237, TKM).
S b tnh tit din dy dn thnh phn bng:
s '1 =

I m
a1 * n1 * J 1

Trong :
a1 - s mch nhnh song song ca dy qun;
n1 s si ghp song song.
Cn c vo s1 chn tit din dy quy chun s1, t c ng knh dy
tiu chun.
Chn a1 v n1 thch ng ng knh dy khng k cch in d 1,8 mm.
i vi dy men th ng knh khng ln hn 1,7 mm khi lng dy bng tay v
khng ln hn 1,4 mm khi lng dy bng my khi nh hng n bn c ca
lp men cch in.
2. Xc nh s rnh stato
Khi thit k dy qun stato cn phi xc nh s rnh ca mt pha di mi
cc q1. Nn chn q1 trong khong t 25. Thng ly q1 = 34. Vi my cng sut
nh hoc tc thp, ly q1 = 2. My tc cao cng sut lnc th chn q1 = 6.
Chn q1 nhiu hay t c nh hng n s rnh stato Z1. S rnh ny khng nn
nhiu qu, v nh vy din tch cch in rnh chim ch so vi s rnh t s nhiu
hn, do h s li dng rnh s km i. Mt khc, v phng din bn c m
ni rng s yu. t rng qu s lm cho dy qun phn b khng u trn b mt li
st nn sc t ng phn cng c nhiu sng bt cao.
Tr s q1 nn chn s nguyn v ci thin c c tnh lm vic v c kh
nng lm gim ting ku ca my. Ch trong trng hp khng th trnh c mi
dng q1 l phn b vi mu s l 2. S d nh vy v sc t ng sng bt cao v
sng rng ca dy qun vi q1 l phn s trong my in khng ng b l my c
khe h rt nh, d sinh ra rung, momen ph v lm tng tn hao ph.
Sau khi chn q1 th s rnh stato bng:
Z1 = 2* m* p* q1.
V bc rng stato:
SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-22 -

Lun n Tt Nghip
t1 =

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

*D
Z1

i vi rnh na h, c th chn Z1 theo bc rng stato t1, trong t1 c

th xc nh theo bng sau
(cm)

in p U(V)
600

3000

6000

<15

1,6-2,0

2,2-2,5

2,4-3,0

15-40

1,7-2,2

2,4-2,7

2,6-3,4

>40

2,2-2,8

2,6-3,2

2,8-3,8

3. Dng rnh stato

Dng rnh ph thuc vo thit k in t v loi dy dn. Rnh c thit k
sao cho c th cho va s dy dn thit k cho mt rnh k c cch in v cng
ngh ch to d, mt t thng trn rng v gng khng ln hn mt tr s nht
nh m bo tnh nng ca my.
i vi rnh na kn vi dy dn tit din trn, xc nh mc lp y
rnh khi lng dy vo rnh thng dng h s lp y k.
Thng khi thit k ly k = 0,7 0,75 l thch hp nht.
Ming rnh b41 = dc + 1,5 mm trong dc l ng knh dy k c cch
in. Chiu cao ming rnh h41 thng ly trong khong 0,40,8mm. i vi rnh
na h hoc h, quan h gia bc rnh t1 v chiu rng rnh br1 nh sau:
t1 = (1,8 2,2) * br1
III. Thit k li st rto
S khc nhau gia cc kiu my khng ng b l rto. Tnh nng ca my
tt hay xu cng l rto. tha mn cc yu cu khc nhau, c th ch to thnh
loi rto dy qun, rto lng sc n, rto rnh su, rto lng sc kp
1. Rto dy qun
ng c cng sut n 10-15 kW trc y dng dy qun tit din trn mt
lp ng tm hai mt phng (vi 2p = 4) hay ba mt phng (2p = 2). Khi y rto
chn rnh na kn hnh van hay qu l vi ming rnh b42 =1,5 - 2 mm ;s pha
rto m2 = 3 v ni hnh sao.
Trong nhng nm gn y, dy qun rto thng dng loi xp hai lp v s
dy qun khng khc vi dy qun stato. Dy qun cu to t nhng thanh dn
tit din ch nht khng ln lm, to thnh cc phn t cng t vo trong thnh h
c b rng 3,3 - 5,6 mm trnh tn hao p mch v tn hao b mt trn rng stato
v cho h s khe h khng kh k khng ln lm. Dy qun ny c s dng
cho nhng my c chiu cao tm trc n 280 mm. Khi h > 280 mm thng dng

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

dy qun sng kiu thanh dn. u im ca loi dy qun ny, ngoi vic gim khi
lng ng phn u ni ra cn cho php nng cao in p vnh trt v nh
vy s lm nh dng in qua chi than.
2. ng c lng sc thng
a) Chn s rnh rto Z2
Vic chn s rnh rto lng sc Z2 l mt vn rt quan trng, v khe h
ca my rt nh, khi khi ng momen ph do t trng sng bc cao gy nn nh
hng rt ln n qu trnh khi ng v nh hng n c c tnh lm vic. V
vy, c tnh nng tt, khi chn Z 2 phi tun theo mt s hn ch nht nh.
S phi hp s rnh stato Z1v rto Z2 c ghi trong bng 10-6 trang 246
TKM
Khi lm nghin cu rnh th s phi hp s rnh Z1v Z2 cho php rng ri
hn, tuy vy n lm cho momen cc i v cos h thp xung mt t, v vy khng
ly bn qu ln.
Thng trong cc my khng ng b cng sut nh chn Z2< Z1 cho
rng rnh rto khi qu nh. Trong cc my cng sut ln, gim in chn Z2>
Z1
b) Dng rnh rto loi thng
Thit k dng rnh cng l xc nh din tch rnh (tc l din tch thanh dn
ca lng sc). Do in tr r v in khng tn x ca rto c quan h vi hnh dng
rnh rto, nn khi rto thit k xong th vic thit k dng rnh rto trc tip nh
hng n tnh nng ca my. Ngy nay, vi nhng my c chiu cao tm trc
h=50 250 mm thng lng sc c c bng nhm, trong khi h = 50 250
mm thng c bng p lc, khi h 280 mm th c rung hay trng lc.
Rnh trong hnh 2. 1a thng dng trong my khng ng b rto lng sc
c chiu cao tm trc h 160mm, trong thng ly b42 = 1mm, h42 = 0, 5
1mm, d1/d2= 6, 5 7, 5/4 6mm, hr1 = 10 20 mm.
Khi h 180mm dng rnh su hnh van nh hnh 2 -1b hoc 2-1c, trong
b42 = 1, 5mm, h42= 0, 5 1, 5mm, d1= d2= br2= 3, 5 6mm, hr2= 25 45mm. My
cng ln tc cng cao th br2 cng su.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-24 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

b 42

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

b 42

h 42

b 42

h 42

h 42

45
d1

d1
h r2

h r2

h1
h r2

h1

h1

d2

d1

d1
45

a)

b)

c)

Hnh 3.1
Thit k rnh rto phi lm sao cho mt t thng rng v gng rto phi
nm trong phm vi thch hp ghi trong cc bng 2. 5. V vy khi thit k rnh, phi
nh kch tthc ti thiu ca rng v gng rto.
Mt khc i vi my khng ng b rto lng sc, tit din rnh rto ng
thi l tit din thanh dn rto, v vy phi lm sao cho mt dng in trong
thanh dn rto thch hp. Chn mt dng in trong thanh dn Jtd= (2, 5 3,
5)A/mm2 khi thanh dn c nhm v Jtd = (4 8) A/mm2 khi thanh dn bng ng,
trong tr s ln dng cho cng sut nh. Mt dng in vng ngn mch Jv
chn thp hn Jtd khng 20 25 %.
Chiu cao vnh ngn mch thng ly cao hn chiu cao rnh rto:
bv 1, 2*hr2
Chiu di li st rto l2 thng thit k bng chiu di li st stato l1 hoc di
hn 4 10 mm.
IV. Khe h khng kh
Khi chn khe h khng kh ta c gng ly nh dng in khng ti nh
v cos cao, nhng khe h qu nh lm cho vic ch to v lp rp thm kh khn,
stato d chm vi rto lm tng thm tn hao ph v in khng tn tp ca my
cng tng.
Theo kt cu th khe h ph thuc vo kch thc ng knh ngoi rto,
khong cch gia hai bi v ng knh trc. Nguyn nhn l ng knh D nh
hng n dung sai lp ghp ca v, np, li st, t quyt nh lch tm cho
php v lc t mt pha ca my. ng knh trc v khong cch gia hai bi
quyt nh vng ca trc. C th dng nhng cng thc sau chn h s khe
h ca khng kh:
- Vi nhng my cng sut P 20 kW:
Khi 2p 4

= 0, 25 + D*10-3mm

Khi 2p = 2

1,5.D
= 0, 3 + 1000 mm

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-25 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

-Vi nhng my cng sut P > 20 kW:

=

9
D
* (1 +
)mm
1200
2p

Trong cc cng thc trn, D tnh theo mm. Tr s tnh ra phi lm trn con
s th hai sau du phy thnh 0 hoc 5.
V. Tham s ca ng c in khng ng b trong qu trnh khi ng
,

i vi cc my in thng dng, ta c th cho rng nhng tham s r1, r2 ,

,
x1, x2 ca my l hng s khi my lm vic t khng ti n nh mc. Khi h s
trc ln hn tr s sm ng vi momen cc i, o dng in by gi ln hn
2,5 ln dng in nh mc, lc bt u c hin tng bo ha rng do t thng
,
ti v vy x1 v x2 gim. Mt khc do hin tng hiu ng mt ngoi trong thanh
,
,
dn rto nn nhng tham s r2 , x2 cng thay i.
i vi ng c in rto dy qun, khi khi ng c bin tr ng Rk ni
vi mch rto nn dng in khi ng khng vt qu(1 1,5)* Im, do khng
cn xt n cc hin tng trn v coi nh tham s khng i.
i vi ng c rto lng sc, khi khi ng thng ng trc tip ng c
vo li in vi in p nh mc, v vy dng in khi ng ln (4 7)*Im lm
,
,
cho in khng x1, x2 v r2 thay i r rt.
1. S thay i cc tham s do hin tng hiu ng mt ngoi ca dng in
ci thin c tnh khi ngbng cch li dng hin tng hiu ng mt
ngoi ca dng in, thng ngi ta dng rnh su.
Dng rnh su c th tng in tr r2 lc khi ng cng nh gim in
khng v tng cc ng cm ng t tn rnh gim xung.
Khi khi ng, do tn s rto cao nn do hin tng hiu ng mt ngoi,
dng in tp trung ln pha trn rnh. V vy ta cn xc nh su quy i hr ca
rnh trong quy c dng in phn b u v trn c s xc nh in tr c
trong rnh. Cng lp lun nh vy s tm c chiu su quy i ca rnh hx v
theo xc nh in khng ca thanh dn.
Tr s hr v hx c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
hr =

a
1+

hx = a*
Trong :
a: chiu cao ca ng hay nhm trong rnh
H s v c xc nh theo ng cong hnh 10- 13 (trang 256,
TKM).
a) Cch xc nh in tr r ca dy qun rto khi tnh n dng in mt
ngoi
SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-26 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Trc ht phi xc nh in tr ca thanh dn khi tnh n dng in mt

ngoi rt:
Vi rnh nh hnh 2-1a v 2-1c:
rt=rtd*kR
y kR=1+

l2 r
*
l '2

Trong :
l2 chiu di thanh dn
trc

l2r chiu di ca phn thanh dn nm trong rnh tr cc rnh thng gi ngang

Khi rto c nhm th l2=l2r
Vi rnh nh hnh 2-4b th phi tnh tit din rnh ng vi choiu cao hr
Slr =

* b2
8

br = d

d1
d1 + br
* (hr
)
2
2

d1 d 2
d
* ( h1 2 )
h
2

H s kR c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

kR =

S lr
Std

Trong :
Std: tit din thanh dn
Vi rnh trn ngi ta xt n hiu ng mt ngoi khi >1, y tnh theo
cng thc
= 2 * * dtd * 0,*1

b s * f1 * 10 5
*
br
p

Trong :
S: h s trt
b
b
: t s b rng thanh dn v rnh. Khi rnh su v thanh ng hp th
br
br
b
=0,9. Vi rto c nhm th =1.
br

- in tr sut ca vt liu thanh dn

lc :

kR=1+

l2 r
*'
l '2

in tr rto khi xt n hiu ng ngoi:

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-27 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

r2= rtd +

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

2 * rv
*p 2
(2 * sin
)
Z2

b) Cch xc nh in khng tn x2 ca rto khi xt n hin tng hiu ng

mt ngoi
Dng in my ngoi ch gy ra s thay i h s t dn tn rnh r2. Vi
rnh hnh qu l, r2c xc nh theo cng thc:
r2=[

h1
b
h
* b2
(1
)2 + 0,66 4 ] * + 4
3*b
b4
8 * Sr
2*b

y: Sr-tit din thanh dn (mm2)

Vi cc dng rnh khc c th xc nh theo cng thc sau:
- Vi rnh trn:
r2=(0,785-

b1
h
) * + 4
b4
2*b

- Vi rnh vung cht gc:

r2=(

3 * h3
h1
h
+
) * + 4
b4
3 * b b + 2 *b 4

-Vi rnh vung:

r2= (

h1
3*b

) * +

3 *h 3
h2
h
+
+ 4
b b + 2 * b4 b 4

Tng t dn khi xt n dng in mt ngoi:

2= r2+t2+2
in khng rto khi xt n dng in mt ngoi:
x2=x2*

2
2

Trong :
x2: in khng rto
2: Tng h s t dn khi khng xt n hiu ng mt ngoi
2. Tnh ton nh hng ca bo ha rng n din khng tn
Khi dng n trong dy dn ln ,s sinh ra hin tng bo ha mch t,ch
yu phn u rng do t trng tn rnh va t trng tn tp lm cho x1 v x2
thay i

S thay i x1 v x2 do bo ha ca t trng cng c th tnh gn ng

theo phng php sau:
Tri s thc ca dng in ngn mch c th tnh bng:
SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-28 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Inbh= kb*In
y In l dng in ngn mch khi khng xt n bo ha mch t tn. C
th bng th nghim chn s b tr s kbh. i vi ng c in, rto rnh na kn
,vi rnh stato ming na kn th ly kbh=1,31,4 ,vi rnh stato ming na h hay
h ly kbh=1,21,3 (tr s ln dng cho rnh na h). Vi ng c in rto hai
lng sc kbh=1,21,259 (tr s nh dng cho rnh h stato). Vi ng c in c
rnh rto kn kbh=1,31,45
Sc t ng trung bnh ca mt rnh stato:
Ftb=0,7*

I nbh*u r1
Z
* (k + k y1*k d 1 * 1 )
a1
Z2

Trong :
ur1 s thanh dn tc dng trong mt rnh
a1 s mch nhnh song song
k h s tnh n sc t ng nh do bc ngn
ky h s bc ngn ca dy qun
kd h s dy qun
Z1,Z2 s rnh stato v rto
Mt t thng qui i trong khe h khng kh:
B=

F rtb
1,6 * * Cbh

Trong :
: khe h khng kh
Cbh=0,64+2,5*

t 1+t 2

Vi t1,t2 l bc rnh stato v rto

Ngoi ra ta cn phi tnh n cc phn khc nh :tnh ton c, tnh ton nhit, tnh
ton thng gi m s c trnh by chi tit hn phn sau.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-29 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

PHN II. THIT K V TNH TON NG C KHNG NG B BA

PHA RTO LNG SC
Cc thng s ban u
- Cng sut nh mc:
Pm = 15 kW
- in p nh mc:
Um = 380/220V
- Tn s nh mc:
fm = 50Hz
- Cch u dy:
Y/
- Tc ng b:
n1 = 1500 vng/pht
- S cc t:
p=

60 f
60 * 50
=
=2
1500
n m

- Kiu my:
My kiu kn
-Cp bo v:
IP44
- Cp cch in:
Cch in cp F
- Ch lm vic:
Lin tc
- Kt cu rto:
Rto lng sc
- Chiu cao tm trc:
Tra Bng IV. 2, ph lc IV (trang 602 TKM) chiu cao tm trc theo dy
cng sut ca ng c in KB rto lng sc 4A (Nga) kiu IP44 cp cch in F
l:
h = 160mm
- Hiu sut v h s cng sut:
Tra Bng 10-1 (trang 228 TKM) hiu sut v cos dy ng c in KB
3K ng vi cng sut Pm=15 kW v tc nb=1500 vng/pht ta chn hiu sut:

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-30 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

= 89%
V h s cng sut:
cos = 0,88
- Bi s momen cc i: Tra bng 10-10 (trang 268 TKM) bi s momen
cc i mmax ca dy ng c 3K ta chn:
mmax =

M max
= 2,2
M m

- Bi s momen khi ng:

Theo bng 10-11 (trang 271 TKM) bi s momen khi ng dy ng c
in 3K ta chn:
mk =

Mk
= 1,4
M m

-Bi s dng khi ng: Tra bng 10-12 (trang 271 TKM) bi s dng
khi ng dy ng c in 3K ta chn:
ik = Imin/I max = 7

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-31 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

CHNG 1. KCH THC CH YU

1. S i cc
p = 60 * f1 60 * 50 = 2
n1

1500

2. ng knh ngoi stato

Vi chiu cao tm trc h = 160 mm theo Bng 10-3 (trang 230 TKM) tr s
ca Dn theo h, ta chn:
Dn = 27,2 cm
- ng knh trong stato:
Tra theo bng 10-2 (trang 230 TKM) tr s ca kD, ph thuc vo s i
cc, ta chn:
kD = 0,64 0,68
D = kD*Dn = (0,64 0,68)*27,2 = 17,408 18,496
chn D = 18 cm
- Cng sut tnh ton:
P =

kE * P
0,975 *15
=
= 18,67 kVA
* cos
0,89 * 0,88

Trong kE = 0,975. Hnh 10-2 (trang 231 TKM).

kE l t s sc in ng sinh ra trong my v in p t vo.
- Chiu di tnh ton ca li st stato:
Theo hnh 10-3b (trang 233 TKM),
chn A = 340A/cm; B = 0,76T
,

6,1 *10 7 *18,67

6,1 *10 7 * P
l =
=
0,64 *1,11 * 0,92 * 340 * 0,76 *18 2 *1500
* k s * k d * A * B * D 2 * n1

l = 13,88cm
ly l = 14cm
Trong :
= 2 = 0,64 l h s tnh ton cung cc t

ks=

2 2

=1,11 h s sng

kd=0,92 h s dy qun
A: ti ng
B: cm ng t trong khe h khng kh.
SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-32 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Do li st ngn nn lm thnh mt khi. Chiu di li st stato, rto l:

l1 = l2 = l = 14cm
- Bc cc:
=

*D
2* p

* 18
2*2

= 14,13cm

- Lp phng n so snh:
H s hnh dng :
=

14
= 0,99
14,13

Trong dy ng c khng ng b 3K cng sut 15kW, 2p = 4 c cng

ng knh ngoi (ngha l cng chiu cao tm trc h) vi my cng sut P=
18,5KW.
H s tng cng sut ca my l:
=

18,5
= 1,23
15

do 18,5 = *15 = 1,23*0,99 = 1,2

Theo hnh 10-3b (trang 235 TKM) hai h s 18,5, 15 u nm trong phm
vi kinh t do vic chn phng n trn l hp l.
- Dng in pha nh mc:
I1 =

15 *10 3
P * 10 3
=
= 29 A
3 * 220 * 0,89 * 0,88
3 * U 1 * * cos

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-33 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

CHNG 2. DY QUN, RNH STATO V KHE H KHNG KH

1. M hiu thp v b dy l thp
Ta chn thp k thut in cn ngui ng hng lm li thp stato, chn
loi thp Nga m hiu 2211 b dy l thp l 0,5 mm, h s ghp cht kc=0,95.
2. Kt cu stato ca v my in xoay chiu
a) V my
Khi thit k kt cu v stato phi kt hp vi yu cu v truyn nhit v
thng gi, ng thi phi c cng v bn, khng nhng sau khi lp li st
v c khi gia cng v. Thng cng th bn. V c th chia lm hai
loi: Loi c gn trong v loi khng c gn trong. Loi khng c gn trong thng
dng i vi my in c nh hoc kiu kn, lc lng li st p st vo mt trong
ca v my v truyn nhit trc tip ln v my. Loi c gn trong c c dim l
trong lc gia cng, tc ct gt chm nhng ph liu b i t hn loi khng c
gn trong.
Loi v bng thp tm hn gm t nht l hai vng thp tm tr ln v nhng
gn ngang lm thnh khung. Nhng dng khc u xut pht t dng c bn .
b) Li st stato
Khi ng knh ngoi li st nh hn 1m th dng tm nguyn lm li st.
Li st sau khi p vo v s c mt cht c nh vi v khi b quay di tc
ng ca momen in t.
Nu ng knh ngoi ca li st ln hn 1m th dng cc tm hnh r qut
ghp li. Khi y ghp li st ,thng dng hai tm thp dy p hai u. trnh
c lc hng tm v lc ht cc tm, thng lm nhng cnh ui nhn hnh r
qut trn cc tm ghp cc tm vo cc gn trn v my.
3.S rnh stato Z1
Vi my cng sut nh thng ly q1=2. My tc cao, cng sut ln c
th chn q1=6. Thng ly q1=3-4
Khi q1 tng th Z1 tng dn n din tch rnh tng lm cho h s li dng
rnh gim, rng s yu v mnh, qu trnh lm li staro tn hn.
Khi q1 gim th Z1 gim, dy qun phn b khng u trn b mt li thp
nn sc t ng c nhiu sng bc cao.
my.

Tr s q1 nguyn c th ci thin c t tnh lm vic v gim ting n ca

Ly q1 = 4 rnh
Z1 = 2*m*p*q1 = 2*3*2*4 = 48 rnh
Trong : m l s pha.

4. Bc rnh stato

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-34 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

t1 =

*D
Z1

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

* 18
48

= 1,18cm

5. S thanh dn tc dng ca mt rnh ur1

- i vi dy qun hai lp chn s mch nhnh song song a1 = 4
ur1 =

A * t1 * a1
340 * 1,18 * 4
=
= 55,4
I1
29

chn: ur1 = 56 thanh dn.

6. S vng dy ni tip ca mt pha
w1 = p*q1*

u r1
56
= 2*4*
= 112 vng
a1
4

7. Tit din v ng knh dy dn

- Theo hnh 10-4 (trang 237 TKM) chn tch s:
2
A*J = 1820 A

cm * mm 2

Mt dng in:
J1 =

A* J
1820
=
= 5,36 A
mm 2
A
340

Tit din dy:

S1 =

I1
29
=
= 1,34 mm2
a1 * n * J '1
4 * 1 * 5,36

chn:

n=1 si.

Theo Ph lc VI, bng VI. 1 (trang 618 TKM) chn dy ng trng men
PETV c ng knh d/dc = 1,32/1,405:
s = 1,368 mm2
8. Kiu dy qun
Dy qun stato t vo rnh ca li thp stato v c cch in vi li thp.
Dy qun c nhim v cm ng c sc in ng nht nh, ng thi cng tham
gia vo vic ch to nn t trng cn thit cho s bin i nng lng in c
trong my.
-Cc yu cu ca dy qun:
+i vi dy qun ba pha in tr v in khng ca cc pha bng nhau v
ca mch nhnh song song cng bng nhau.
+Dy qun c thc hin sao cho c th u thnh mch nhnh song song
mt cch d dng.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-35 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Dy qun c ch to v thit k sao cho tit kim c lng ng, d ch

to, sa cha, kt cu chc chn, chu c ng lc khi my b ngn mch t ngt.
-Vic chn dy qun stato phi tha mn tnh kinh t v k thut:
+Tnh kinh t: tit kim vt liu dn in, vt liu cch in, thi gian lng
dy.
+Tmh k thut: d thi cng, hn ch nhng nh hng xu n c tnh in
ca ng c.
-T yu cu trn ta chn dy qun hai lp dng ng khun bi dy bc ngn.
Cng dng l gim lng ng s dng,kh sng bc cao, gim t trng tn
phn bi dy v trong rnh stato, lm tng cos, ci thin c tnh m my ng c,
gim ting n in tlc ng c vn hnh.
-Cc h qu xu tn ti trong ng c khi sng bc cao khng b kh:
+Tnh nng m my xu do cc trng trn c tuyn momen (do sng bc 5 v 7
gy ra) lm cho ng c khng t n tc nh mc.
+Nus rng ca stato v roto khng ph hp ng c gy ra ting n in t khi
vn hnh, c khi roto b ht lch tm (do lc ht in t to nn).
+Sng bc cao gy tn hao nhit trong li thp di tc dng do dng phuco.
Thc ra vic chn bc ngn thch hp khng c tc dng kh hon toncc sng
bc cao m ch c tc dnggim nh chng xung n mt gi tr chp nhn c.
Trong thit k, bc bi dy c tc dng kh sng bc 5 v 7 cch u dy hnh sao
ba pha c tc dng kh sng bc 3.
Tiu chun xt s tn hao sng bc cao 5% xem nh sng bc cao khng ng k,
t 5-10% chp nhn c, >10% c tn ti sng bc cao. Sng bc cao khng b
kh khng cho php kh thi.
kh trit hon ton sng bc 3 ta dng h s =
4
5

2
, kh sng bc 5 ta dng h
3

6
7

s = , kh sng bc 7 ta dng h s = .Tuy nhin ta khng kh trit hon

ton mt sng bc cao no c m ta chn bc bi dy lm nh cc sng bc cao
3, 5, 7 cng mt lc.
=

y1

10
= 0,833
12

Trong :
1 =

Z1
48
=
= 12 l bc cc t
2* p
2*2

y1 l bc bi dy
chn ymin y1 ymax
ymin =

2
2
* 1 = *12 = 8
3
3

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-36 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

ymax = 1-1 = 12-1 = 11

ta chn y1 = 10
9. H s dy qun
H s bc ngn ky:
ky = sin

*
2

= sin

10 * 180
= 0,966
12 * 2

H s bc ri kr:
4 *15
q *
sin
2 =
2 =0,958
kr =

15
4 * sin
q * sin
2
2
sin

vi =

2 * 360
p * 360
=
= 15
48
Z1

H s dy qun kd:
kd = ky*kr = 0,966*0,958 = 0,925
10. T thng khe h khng kh
=

k E *U1
0,975 * 220
=
= 9,3*10-3 Wb
4 * k s * k d * f * w1
4 * 1,11 * 0,925 * 50 * 112

11. Mt t thng khe h khng kh B v ti ng A

B =

9,3 *10 3 *10 4

*10 4
=
= 0,73T
0,64 *14,13 *14
* * l1

A=

2 * m * w1 * I 1
2 * 3 * 112 * 29
=
= 228 A
cm * mm 2
* 27,2
*D

Ta thy sai s mt t thng khe h khng kh v ti ng so vi gi tr

ban u nh hn 10% nn ta khng cn chn li.
12. S b nh chiu rng ca rng bz1
bz1 =

B * l1 * t1
0,73 * 1,18
=
= 0,52cm
B z1 * l1 * k c
1,75 * 0,95

y ly Bz1 = 1,75 (Bng 10-6b, trang 241 TKM). H s ghp cht kc =

0,95 (Bng 2-2, trang 23 TKM).
13. S b chiu cao ca gng stato hg1
hg1 =

* 10 4
2 * B g1 * l1 * k c

9,3 *10 3 *10 4

= 2,33 cm
2 *1,5 *14 * 0,95

y ly Bg1 = 1,5T (theo Bng 10-5a, trang 240 TKM).

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-37 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

14. Kch thc rnh v cch in

hr1 = 24mm
d2

h12 = 19mm
b41 = dc +1,5mm = 3mm
d1 = 7,5mm

h12

hr1

d1

d2 = 9mm
h41 = 0,5mm

Theo Bng VIII. 1 (Ph lcVIII, trang 629 TKM) chiu dy cch in ca
rnh l c = 0,4mm, ca nm l c=0,5mm.
15. Din tch rnh tr nmSr
Sr =
=

* (d1 2 + d 2 2 )
8

* (7,5 2 + 9 2 )
8

d1 + d 2
d
*(h12- 1 )
2
2

7,5 + 9
7,5
*(19)
2
2

= 180 mm2
Chiu rng ca ming cc-tng nm l (

* d1
2

), ca tm cch in gia hai

lp l (d1+d2).
- Din tch cch in rnh:
Sc = [
=[

* d2

*9
2

+2*h12+(d1+d2)]*c+

+2*19+(9+7,5]*0,4+

* d1
2

* 7,5
2

*c

*0,5

= 33 mm2
- Din tch c ch ca rnh:
Sr = Sr-Sc = 180-33 = 147 mm2
-H s lp y rnh:
k =

u r1 * n1 * d c
Sr

56 *1 *1,405 2
= 0,75
147

Ta thy h s lp y rnh nm trong khong tt nht (0,70,75) nn khng

cn tnh li.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-38 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

16. B rng rng stator bz1

bz1 =
=

* ( D + 2 * h 41 + d 1 )

* (18 + 2 * 0,05 + 0,75)

48

-d1

-0,75

= 0,484 cm
bz1 =
=

* ( D + 2 * (h41 + h12 )
Z1

* (18 + 2 * (0,05 + 1,9))

48

-d2

-0,9

= 0,533 cm
bz1 =

bz1 "+bz1 '

0,484 + 0,533
=
= 0,5085 cm
2
2

17. Chiu cao gng stato

hg1 =

Dn D
1
27,2 18
1
-hr1+ *d2 =
-2,4+ *0,9 = 2,35 cm
6
2
6
2

18. Khe h khng kh

=

9
D
9
180
*(1+
)=
*(1+
) = 0,4875 mm
2p
1200
2*2
1200

Theo nhng my ch to bng 10-8 (trang 253 TKM) khe h khng

kh dy ng c 4A, ta chn = 0,5 mm.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-39 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

CHNG 3. DY QUN, RNH V GNG RTO

1. S rnh rto Z2
Vic chn s rnh rto lng sc Z2 l mt vn quan trng v khe h khng
kh ca my nh, khi m my momen ph do t thng sng bc cao gy nn nh
hng n qu trnh m my v nh hng c n c tnh lm vic.
loi tr momen ph ng b khi m my, cn chn:
Z2Z1

Z20,5*Z1

Z22*Z1

Z26*p*g

vi g=1,2,3

trnh momen ng b khi quay ,ta chn:

Z26*p2*p*g

Z2Z12*p

Z22*Z12*p

Z20,5p

Z2Z1p
trnh lc hng tm do momen khng ng b sinh ra trong khi quay
,cn chn:
Z 2 Z1 0,1,2
Z 2 Z1 p,p+1
Z 2 Z1 2*p,2*p1,2*p2

Z 2 Z1 2*p

Da vo cc iu kin trn v bng 10-6 trang 246 TKM

Chn Z2=38 rnh
2. ng knh ngoi rto D
D = D- 2 = 18 2*0,05 = 17,9 cm
3. Bc rng rto t2
t2 =

* D'
Z2

* 17,9
38

= 1,48 cm

4. S b nh chiu rng ca rng rto bz2

bz2 =

B * l 2 * t 2
0,73 * 1,48
=
= 0,65 cm
Bz 2 * l 2 * k c
1,75 * 0,95

y ly Bz2 = 1,75 T. Theo bng 10-5b trang 241 TKM

5. ng knh trc rto Dt
Dt = 0,3*D = 0,3*18 = 5,4 cm
6. Dng in trong thanh dn rto Itd

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-40 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Itd = I2 = KI*I1*

6 * W1 * K d 1
0,9 * 29 * 6 * 112 * 0,925
=
= 427A
38
Z2

Trong KI = 0,9 ly theo hnh 10-5 trang 244 TKM

7. Dng in trong vng ngn mch Iv
1

Iv = Itd*

2 * sin

*p

= 427*

Z2

1
= 1297A
180 o * 2
2 * sin
38

8. Tit din thanh dn vng nhm Std

Std =

I td
427
=
= 142,3 mm2
J2
3

Chn J2= 3 A/mm2

9. S b chn mt dng in trong vng ngn mch Sv = 2,5 A/mm2
Tit din vng ngn mch Sv:
Sv =

I v 1297
=
= 518,8 mm2
Jv
2,5

10. Kch thc rnh rto v vng ngn mch

b 42

hr2 = 28 mm
h12 = 20 mm

h 42

d1

d1 = d2 = 5,6 mm
hr2

h42 = 1,5 mm

h 12

h42 = 0,5 mm
11. Chiu cao vnh ngn mch hv

d1

hv = 1,1*hr2 = 1,1*28 = 30,8 mm

12. ng knh trung bnh vnh ngn mch Dv
Dv = D- hv = 17,9- 3,08 = 14,82 cm
13. B rng vnh ngn mch bv
bv =

Sv
518,8
=
= 16,8 mm
hv
30,8

14. Din tch rnh rto Sr2

Sr2 =

*d2+ h12*d =

*5,62 + 20*5,6 = 137 mm2

15. B rng rng rto 1/3 chiu cao rng

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-41 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

bz2 1 =

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr
4
3
Z2

* ( D '2h 42 * (h12 + d ))

4
3

* (17,9 2 * 0,05 * (2 + 0,56)

38

-d

-0,56

= 0,63 cm
16. Chiu cao gng rto hg2
hg2 =

D' Dt
1
17,9 5,4
1
-hr2+ *d2 =
-2,8 + *0,56 = 3,54 cm
6
2
6
2

17. Lm nghin rnh rto bn

nghin bng mt bc rnh stato
bn = t1 = 1,18 cm

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-42 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

CHNG 4. TNH TON MCH T

1. H s khe h khng kh
-Do b phn ng c rnh dn n t dn trn khe h cab mt phn ng c
rnh khc nhau.
-Trn rng, t tr nh hn trn rnh do sc t ng khe h khng kh ca phn
ng c rng rnhln hn so vi b mt phn ng nhn.
Khi thit k phi dung mt khe h khng kh tnh ton, nh vy cn phi tnh h
s khe h khng kh. H s khe h khng kh ni ln nh hng ca rng stato
v rato ti khe h
t1

k1 =

t1 1 *

1,18
= 1,16
1,18 3,27 * 0,05

Trong :
1 =

(b41 / ) 2
(3 / 0,5) 2
=
= 3,27
5 + b41 /
5 + 3 / 0,5

k2 =

t2

t 2 2 *

1,48
= 1,04
1,48 1,125 * 0,05

Trong :
2 =

(b42 / ) 2
(1,5 / 0,5) 2
=
= 1,125
5 + b42 /
5 + 1,5 / 0,5

k = k1* k2 = 1,16*1,04 = 1,2046

T thng chnh sau khi i qua khe h khng kh th phn thnh hai mch
song song i vo rngv rnh ca phn ng, nhng t dn ca thp ln hn khng
kh nhiu nn i b phn t thng i vo rng.
2. Dng thp KT cn ngui 2211
3. Sc t ng khe h khng kh F
F = 1,6*B*k**104 = 1,6*0,73*1,2064*0,05*104 = 704A
4. Mt t thng rng stator Bz1
Bz1 =

B * l1 * t1
0,73 *1,18
=
= 1,78T
bz1 * l1 * k c
0,5085 * 0,95

- Cng t thng trn rng stato Hz1:

- Theo bng V-6 (Ph lc V, trang 608 TKM). ng cong t ha trn
rng ng c KB thp 2211, ta chn:
Hz1=25 A/cm
5. Sc t ng trn rng stato
Fz1 = 2*hz1*Hz1 = 2*2,1*25 = 105 A

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-43 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Trong hz1 = hr1-

d2
9
= 24- = 21 mm
3
3

6. Mt t thmg rng rto Bz2

Bz2 =

B *l 2 *t 2
0,73 * 1,48
=
= 1,8T
bz 2 * l 2 * k c
0,63 * 0,95

- Cng t trng trn rng rto Hz2:

- Theo bngV-6 (Ph lc V, trang 608 TKM):
Hz2 = 27 A/vm
7. Sc t ng trn rng rto Fz2
Fz2 = 2*hz2*Hz2 = 2*2,61*27 = 141A
Trong : hz2 = hr2-

d
5,6
= 28= 26,1
3
3

8. H s bo ha rng kz
kz =

F + F z1+ Fz 2
705 + 105 + 141
=
= 1,35
F
705

H s kz nm trong khong thit k hp l kz thuc khong 1,21,5.

9. Mt t thng trn gng stator Bg1
Bg1 =

* 10 4
2 * h g1 * l1 * k c

9,3 *10 3 *10 4

= 1,49T
2 * 2,35 *14 * 0,95

10. Cng t trng gng stator Hg1

Theo bng V-9 (Ph lc V, trang 611 TKM), ta chn
Hg1 = 8,7 A/cm
11. Chiu di mch t gng stator Lg1
Lg1 =

* ( Dn h g 1 )
2* p

* (27,2 2,35)
2*2

= 19,5 cm

12. Sc t ng gng stator Fg1

Fg1 = Lg1*Hg1 = 19,5*8,7 = 170 A
13. Mt t thng trn gng rto Bg2
Bg2 =

* 10 4
2 * hg 2 * l 2 * k c

9,3 *10 3 *10 4

= 0,99T
2 * 3,54 *14 * 0,95

14. Cng t trng gng rto Hg2: theo Bng V-9 (Ph lc V, trang 611
TKM), ta chn
Hg2 = 2,69 A/cm
15. Chiu di mch h gng rto Lg2
SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-44 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

Lg2 =

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

* ( Dt + hg 2 )
2* p

* (5,4 + 3,45)
2*2

= 7,02 cm

16. Sc t ng gng rto Fg2

Fg2 = Lg2*Hg2 = 7,02*2,69 = 19 A
17. Tng sc t ng ca mch t F
F = F+Fz1+Fz2+Fg1+Fg2 = 705+105+141+170+19 = 1140 A
18. H s bo ha ton mch k
1140
F
=
= 1,62
705
F

k =

19. Dng in t ha I
I =

2 * 1140
p*F
=
= 8,15 A
2,7 * w1 * k d 1
2,7 *112 * 00,925

20. Dng in t ha phn trm

I% =

I
I m

8,15
*100% = 28%
29

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-45 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

CHNG 5. THAM S NG C IN CH NH MC
in tr v in khng ca dy qun l nhng tham s ch yu ca my in.
in khng xc nh bi t thng mc vng ca cm ng tng h xuyn qua cc
khe h khng kh v mc vng vo c hai cun dy stato v roto ng c, sinh ra
in khng c bn, l in khng h cm. T thng mc vng tn ch mc vng
mi bn than cun dy, sinh ra in khng tn x1 i vi stato v x2 i vi roto,
x1+x2 l in khng tng ca dy qun ng c.
in tr ng c gip xc nh nhng tn hao ca dy qun ng c ch xc
lp v qu trnh qu .
1. Chiu di phn u ni ca dy qun stator L1
L1= K1*y+2*B=1,3*13,35+2*1=19,4 cm
Trong :
y=

* ( D + hr1 ) * y * (18 + 2,4) * 10

=
=13,35
Z1

48

K1=1,3 tra bng 3-4 trang 69 TKM cc h s K1 v Kf1

B=1
2. Chiu di trung bnh na vng ca dy qun stator ltb
ltb=l1+l1=14+19,4=33,4 cm
3. Chiu di dy qun mt pha ca stator L1
L1=2*ltb*w1*10-2=2*33,4*112*10-2=74,82 m
4. in tr tc dng ca dy qun stator r1
r1=175*

L1
74,82
1
= *
=0,33
n1 * a1 * s1
41 1 * 4 * 1,368

Trong :
175 =

1
mm2/m in tr sut ca dy qun 115c
41

o l in dn xut ca dy dn nhit tnh ton ly lv= 115c th o = 41

Tnh ton theo n v tng i:

r1* = r1*

1
29
= 0,33*
= 0,0435
u1
220

5. in tr tc dng ca dy qun rto rtd

rtd = Al *
115

l 2 * 10 2
Sr2

SVTH : Chu Quang t

1
14 *10 2
*
= 0,0356*10-3
20,5
137
Trang-46 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

6. in tr vng ngn mch rv

* Dv *10 2

rv = Al *

Z 2 * Sv

*14,82 *10 2
1
*
= 0,00115*10-3
38 * 518,8
20,5

7. in tr rto r2
r2= rtd +

2 * rv
2 * 0,00115
= (0,0356 +
)*10-3 = 0,0568*10-3
2
2

0,329

Trong :
= 2*Sin

*p
Z2

= 2*Sin

180 o * 2
=0,329
38

8. H s quy i
=

4 * m * ( w1 * k d 1 ) 2 4 * 3 * (112 * 0,925) 2
=
=3389
38
Z2

9. in tr rto quy i
r2= *2=3389*0,0568*10-3=0,1925
Tnh theo n v tng i:
r2*=r2*

I1
29
=0,1925*
=0,0254
U1
220

10. H s t dn tn rnh stator r1

qun:

H s t dn tn rnh r1 ph thuc vo kch thc, hnh dng v kiu dy

r1=
=

h1
b
h
h
*k+(0,785- 41 + 2 + 41 )*k
3b
2 * b b b41

3
21, ,8
0,5
*0,906+(0,785+
)*0,875
3 * 7,5
2 * 7,5 3

=1,25
Trong :
=0,833
k=
k=

1 + 3 * 1 + 3 * 0,833
=
=0,875
4
4

1 + 3 * k '
4

1 + 3 * 0,875
=0,906
4

h1=hrs- 0,1*d2-2*c-c=24-0,1*9-2*0,4-0,5=21,8 mm
h2= -(

d1
7,5
-2*c-c)=-(
-280,4-0,5)= -2,45 mm
2
2

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-47 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

b= 7,5 mm

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

h41=0,5mm

b41=3mm

11. H s t dn tn tp stator
t1=
=

0,9 * t1 * (q1 * k d 1 ) 2 * t1 * k 41 * 1
k *

0,9 *1,18 * (4 * 0,925) 2 * 0,89 * 0,95 * 0,0062

1,2046 * 0,05

=1,27
Trong :
2

k41=1-0,033*

b41
0,3 2
=1-0,033*
=0,95
1,18 * 0,05
t1 *

t1=0,89 theo bng 4-3 trang 137 TKM

1=0,0062 theo bng 5-2a trang 134 TKM
12. H s t tn phn u ni 1
1=0,34*
=0,34*

q1
*(l1-0,64**)
l

4
*(19,4-0,64*0,833*14,13)
14

=1,153
13. H s t dn tn ca stator
1=r1+t1+1=1,25+1,27+1,15=3,67
14. in khng dy qun stator x1
x1=0,158*
=0,158*

l
f1
w
*( 1 )2* * 1
p * q1
100 100

50 112 2 14
*(
)*
*3,67
100 100
3* 4

=0,424
Tnh theo n v tng i:
x1*=x1*

I1
29
=0,442*
=0,0559
U1
220

15. H s t dn tn rnh rto r2

r2=[
=[

h
h1
b
* b2
*(1)2+0,66- 12 ]*k+ 42
3*b
8 * Sc
2*b
b42

24
1,5
0,5
* 5,6 2 2
*(1) +0,66]*1+
3 * 5,6
2 * 5,6
1,5
8 *137

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-48 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

=2,04
Trong :
h1=24 mm

b=5,6 mm

b12=1,5 mm

k=1

Sc=137 mm2

h42=0,5 mm

16. H s t dn tn tp rto
t2=

0,9 *t 2 *(q 2 * k 2 ) 2 * t 2 *k t 2 * 2
k *

0,9 * 1,48 * (

38 * 1 2
) * 1 * 1 * 0,0092
3* 2 * 2
1,206 * 0,05

=2,038
Trong :
k2=1
t2=1

kt2=1

2=0,0092 theo bng 5-2c trang 136 TKM

17. H s t dn tn phn u ni
2=

2,3 * Dv
4,7 *D v
4,7 * 14,82
2,3 * 14,82
*lg
=
*lg
=0,612
2
2
3,08 + 2 * 1,68
a + 2 * b 38 * 14 * 0,9 0,329
Z 2 *l 2 *

18. H st tn do rnh nghin

rn=0,5*t2*(

bn
t2

)2

=0,5*2,038*(

1,18 2
) =0,648
1,48

19. H s t tn rto
2=r2+t2+2+rn=2,04+2,038+0,612+0,648=5,338
20. in khng tn dy qun rto
x2=7,9*f1*l2* 2*10-8=7,9*50*14*5,338*10-8=2,95*10-4
21. in khng rto quy i
x2=*x2=3389*2,95*10-4= 1
Tnh theo n v tng i:
x2*=x2*

I1
29
=1*
=0,132
U1
220

22. in khng h cm x12

x12=

U 1 I *x1
I

220 8,15 * 0,424

=26,56
8,15

Tnh theo n v tng i:

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-49 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

x12*=x12*

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

I1
29
=26,56*
=3,5
U1
220

23. Tnh lai kE

kE=

U 1 I *x1
U1

220 8,15 * 0,424

=0,984
220

Tr s ny khng sai khc nhiu so vi tr s ban u kE=0,975 nn khng

cn tnh li

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-50 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

CHNG 6. TN HAO THP V TN HAO C

ng c in khi lm vic sinh ra tn hao lm gim hiu sut my. Tn hao
l d nhin nn ngi ta lun tm cch gim tn hao xung thp nht nng cao
hiu sut v tng cng sut ra u trc.
Tn hao trong ng c in gm c:
- Tn hao st: Tn hao ny sinh ra trong li thp stato v rto. N ph thuc
vo vt liu dn t (m hiu thp, chiu di cch in) v mt t cm trong .
Khi tnh ta b ra tn hao trn rto v khi lm vic, tc quay rto gn bng tc
quay t trng nn tn hao ny khng ng k.
- Tn hao ng: Tn hao ny sinh ra trong dy qun stato v rto do hiu
ng Jun-Lenz.
- Tn hao c: Do ma st ti cc , qut gi.
- Tn hao b mt: trn b mt stato v rto gia cng khng nhn lm khe h
khng u sinh ra tn hao b mt. N ph thuc vo cht lng gia cng.
- Tn hao p mch: n c sinh ra do hin tng p mch t thng t
rng sang phn rnh v ngc li, n ph thuc vo kch thc ming rnh, bc
rng khe h khng kh v. v
- Tn hao ph: l tn hao sinh ra trong v my v cc chi tit khc, tn hao
p mch phn u ni v. v
Tn hao ln lm my mt cng sut ng thi cng lm tng nhit ca ng
c.
1. Trng lng rng stato:
GZ1 = Fe*Z1*bZ1*hZ1*l1*kc1*10-3
= 7,8*48*0,5085*2,4*14*0,95*10-3
= 6,07 kg
Trong :
Fe = 7,8 kg/dm3 t trng ca st
kc1 = 0,95 h s p cht
Z1 = 48 s rnh stato
l1 = 14 cm chiu di li thp stato
hZ1 = 2,4 chiu cao rng stato
bZ1 = 0,5085 chiu rng rng stato
2. Trng lng gng t stato
Gg1 = Fe*l1*Lg1*hg1*2*p*kc*10-3
= 7,8*14*19,5*2,35*2*2*0,95*10-3
= 19,02 kg

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-51 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

3. Tn hao st trong li st stato

Trong rng:
PFeZ1 = kgc*p1/50*B2Z1*GZ1*10-3
= 1,8*2,5*1,782*6,07*10-3
= 0,154 kW
Trong :
kgc =1,8 i vi my in khng ng b
p1/50=2,5 sut tn hao thp tn s t ha f = 50Hz
B = 1T mt d t thng ca thp k thut in m hiu 2211
Trong gng:
PFeg1 = kgcg*P1/50*B2g1*Gg1*10-3 = 1,6*2,5*1,492*19,02*10-3 = 0,69 kW
kgcg = 1,6 i vi my khng ng b
Trong c li st stato:
PFe = PFeZ1+ PFeg1 = 0,154 +0,69 = 0,323 kW
4. Tn hao b mt trn rng rto
Khi my in quay, i din vi rng roto ca my khng ng b ln lt xut
hin s dao ng ca mt t thng, bin dao ng ca t thng cng ln th
khe h khng kh cng nh v ming rnh cng to. Tn s dao ng ph thuc vo
s rng v tc quay .
V tn s dao ng cao nn cc dng in xoy cm ng trong thp iu tp trung
ln lp mng trn b mt li thp, v vy tn hao gy nn bi cc dng in xoy
ny c gi l tn hao b mt.
my in khng ng b, tn hao b mt ln v khe h khng kh nh. Tn hao
ch yu p trung trn b mt roto cn trn b mt stato t hn do ming rnh roto
b
Pbm = 2*p**

t 2 b42
*l2*pbm*10-7
t2

= 2*2*14,13*

1,48 0,15
*14*192,5*10-7
1,48

= 0,0137 kW
Trong :
pbm = 0,5*k0*(Z1*n1*10-4)1,5*(10*B0*t1)2
= 0,5*1,8*(48*1500*10-4)1,5*(10*0,282*1,18)2
= 0,193 kW
Vi k0 = 1,8 l h s kinh nghim (k0=1,72)

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-52 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

B0 = 0*k*B = 0,32*1,2064*0,73 = 0. 282T

0 = 0,32 khi

b41

3
= 6 (tra Hnh 6-1, trang 141 TKM)
0,5

5. Tn hao p mch trn rng rto

Pm = 0,11*(
= 0,11*(

Z 1 * n1
* 10 * Bm )2*GZ2*10-3
10000

48 * 1500
2
-3
* 10 * 0,099 ) *6,954*10
10000

= 0,039 kW
Trong :
Bm =

1 *
2 * t2

* BZ 2 =

3,27 * 0,05
* 1,8 = 0,099
2 * 1,48

Vi GZ2 = Fe*Z2*hZ2*bZ2*l2*kc*10-3
= 7,8*38*2,8*0,63*14*0,95*10-3
= 6,954 kg
6. Tng tn hao thp
PFe = PFe+Pbm+Pm = 0,323+0,0137+0,039 = 0,3757 kW
7. Tn hao c
Pc = Kc*(

n 2 Dn 4
1500 2 27,2 4
) *(
) *10-3 = 1*(
) *(
) *10-3 = 0,123 kW
1000
10
1000
10

8. Tn hao khng ti
Po = PFe + Pc = 0,0375+0,123 = 0,4897 kW

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-53 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

CHNG 7. C TNH LM VIC

Sau khi xc nh kch thc v dy qun ca ng c ,tnh ton cc tham s
my in v cc tn hao ta c th xc nh c tnh lm vic ca my bng hai
phng php
-phng php th vng trn
-Phng php gii tch
y ta chn phng php gii tch v phng php ny cho kt qu chnh
xc hn. Phng php gii tch da vo mch in thay th v gin vect ca
ng c khng ng b:
I1

X1

R1

X2

R2

I2 =I2 / S
U

Idb
C1 Z12

Hnh 7.1
r1 = 0,33

U1

x1 = 0,424

I2
C1

x12 =26,56
r2 = 0,196
x2 =1

Idb
Idbr
Idbx

hnh 7.2
1. H s C1
C1 = 1+

x1
0,424
= 1+
= 1,016
x12
26,56

2. Thnh phn phn khng ca dng in ch ng b

Ibx = I = 8,15A
3. Thnh phn tc dng ca dng in ch ng b

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-54 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr
2

PFe *10 3 * I * r1

Ibr =

3 *U1

375,7 + 3 * 8,15 * 0,33

= 0,58 A
3 * 220

4. Sc in ng E1
E1 = U-I*x1 = 220-8,15*0,424 = 216,54 A
k1 =

6 * w1 * k d 1
6 * 112 * 0,925
=
= 16,358
Z2
38

I2 =

427
I2
=
= 26,1 A
k1
16,358

5. H s trt nh mc
sm =

I ' 2 *r2 '

E1

26,1 * 0,196
= 0,024
216,54

6. H s trt ti momen cc i
sm =

r2 '
x1
+ x2 '
c1

0,196
= 0,138
0,424
+1
1,016

7. Bi s momen cc i
mmax =

M max
I'
S
96,34 2 0,024
= ( 2 m )* m = (
)*
= 2,55
M m
' I ' 2 m
Sm
25,14
0,138

I2max = 96,34 A dng in rto ng vi smax

I2m = 25,14 A dng in rto ng vi sm
So vi gi tr chn ban u mmax=2,2 l ln hn nn khng cn tnh li
Cc s liu c tnh lm vic:
S

0,01

0,015

0,024

0,03

0,138

= 20,57

3,82

8,77

7,08

1,80

= 1,463

1,463

1,463

1,463

1,463

= 20,62

13,90

8,89

7,22

2,32

I2 = c1* 10,84

16,08

25,14

30,96

96,34

Rns
C12 (

r1
r'
+ 2 )
C1
S

Xns
C12*(

x1
+ x2)
C1

Zns
r

ns

+x

ns

U1
Z ns

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-55 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Cos ' = 0,9975

0,9942

0,9865

0,9806

0,7758

Sin ' 2 = 0,0709

0,1053

0,1646

0,2026

0,6306

I1r = Ibr+ 11,22

16,32

24,99

28,03

68,16

9,82

12,22

14,32

67,95

= 14,327

19,047

27,818

31,476

96,244

= 0,783

0,857

0,898

0,89

0,708

10,771

16,439

18,50

44,996

= 0,203

0,359

0,766

0,981

9,170

Pcu2
= 0,069
-3
3*I2*r2*10

0,152

0,372

0,564

5,457

Pf
0,005*P1

= 0,037

0,054

0,082

0,093

0,225

Po

0,499

0,499

0,499

0,499

0,499

P
= 0,808
Pcu1+ Pcu2 + Pf +
Po

1,064

1,719

2,137

15,351

P2 = P1- 6,597

9,706

14,774

16,363

29,645

90,11%

89,58%

86,45%

65,88%

rns
Z ns
X ns
Z ns

I '2
*Cos2
C1

I1x

= 8,91
I '2
C1

Ibx+
*Sin2
I1
I

1r

+I

1x

Cos
I 1r
I1

P1
= 7,405
-3
3*U1*I1r*10
Pcu1
3*I2*r1*10-3

P2
P1

89,09%

*100%

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-56 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

I1

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Cos

Cos

P2(KW)

ac tnh lam viec

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-57 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

CHNG 8. TNH TON C TNH KHI NG

Tt c cc ng c khng ng b phi t m my c, tc l t ly c t
trng thi ng yn ln tc gn ng b, sau khi thng momen cn ca ti. Yu
cu i vi c tnh m my ca cc kiu ng c lc m my m thi.
i vi ng c khng ng b roto lng sc, ta cn tnh ton k ng c bo
m yu cu khi m my v ch hai im:
Th nht, khi m my th h s trt s=1 (roto ng yn) nn b nh hng ca
hiu ng mt ngoi xy ra thanh dn roto, dng in trong cc dy qun lc m
my tng ln rt nhiu so vi bnh thng nn mch t s bo ha mch.
Th hai, khi dng m my ln m cc momen in t khng ln s lm cho qu
trnh m my ko di, nhit dy qun c th vt qu gii hn cho php.
Vic tnh chnh xc i vi hin tng hiu ng mt ngoi v bo ha rt phc tp
cho vic xc nh c tnh khi ng, do thng ch tnh c tnh m my lc
khi ng (s=1). V ch dung phng php tnh gn ng.
1. Tham s ca ng c in khi xt n hiu ng mt ngoi vi s = 1
- Tnh h s quy i chiu cao rnh rto khi m my (s = 1):
= 0,067*a* s = 0,067*27,5*1 = 1,8425
Trong :
a=hr2-h42=28-0,5=27,5
-Theo hnh 10-13 trang 256 TKM
Vi

=1,8425 =0,77 ,=0,9

kR=1+=1+0,9=1,9
rtd=kR*rtd=1,7*0,0356*10-3=0,061*10-3
-in tr ca rto khi xt n hiu ng mt ngoi vi s=1
r2=rtd+ 2 *2r v =(0,61+

2 * 0,0115
)*10-4=0,68*10-4
0,329

-in tr rto qui i

r2=*r2=3389*0,68*10-4 =0,23
- H s t dn rnh rto khi xt n hiu ng mt ngoi vi s=1:
r2=[
=[

h1
h
*b2
h
(1
+ 0,66 42 ) ]* + 42
3*b
8 * Sc
2*b
b42

* 5,6 2
24
1,5
0,5
+ 0,66
(1
]*0,79+
3 * 5,6
8 *137
2 * 5,6
1,5

=1,776

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-58 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

- Tng h s t dn rto khi xt n hiu ng mt ngoi vi s=1:

2= 2r+t2 +2+rn=1,776+2,038+0,612+0,648=5,074
- in khng rto khi xt n hiu ng mt ngoi:
x2=x2*

2
2

= 1*

5,074
=0,9505
5,338

- Tng tr ngn mch khi xt n hiu ng mt ngoi:

rn=r1+r2=0,33+0,23=0,56
xn =x1+x2=0,424+0,0505=1,375
Zn= rn 2 + x n 2 = 0,65 2 + 1,375 2 =1,48
- Dng in ngn mch khi xt n hiu ng mt ngoi:
In=

U1
220
=
=148,15 A
Z n 1,485

2. Tham s ca ng c in khi xt n hiu ng mt ngoi v s bo ha ca

mch t tn khi s=1
S b chn h s bo ha kbh=1,35
-Dng in ngn mch khki xt n hiu ng mt ngoi
Inbh=kbh*In =1,35*148,15=200 A
-Sc t ng trung bnh ca mt rnh stator
Fzbh=0,7*
=0,7

I nbh * u r
a1

* (k + k y * k *

Z1
)
Z2

200 * 56
48
* (0,88 + 0,966 * 0,925 * )
4
38

=3937
Trong :
ur =56 S thanh dn tc dng trong rnh stator
a1=4 S mch nhnh song song
k=0,88 H s tnh n sc t ng nh bc ngn ly theo hnh 10-14 trang
259 TKM
ky=0,966 h s bc ngn ca dy qun
k=0,925 H s du qun
Cbh=0,64+2,5*

t1 + t 2

SVTH : Chu Quang t

=0,64+2,5*

0,05
=0,983
1,18 + 1,48

Trang-59 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

B=

Fzbh *10 4
1,6 *C bh *

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

3937 *10 4
=5T
1,6 * 0,983 * 0,05

Theo hnh 10-15 trang 260 TKM

Chn: =0,5
1bh=

h41 + 0,58 *h 3
C1
0,05 + 0,58 * 0,4
0.44
=
=0,465
*
*
0,3
0.44 + 1,5 * 0,3
b41
C1 + 1,5 * b41

-H s t tn rnh khi xt n bo ha mch t tn

r1bh=r1-1bh=1,25-0,465=0,785
-H s t tn tp stator khi xt n bo ha mcht tn:
t1bh=t1*=1,27*0,5=0,635
- Tng h s t tn stator khi xt n bo ha mach t tn:
1bh= r1bh+t1bh+1=0,785+0,635+1,153=2,573
- in khng stator khi xt n bo ha mach t tn:
xbh=x1*

1bh
2,573
=0,424*
=0,297
3,67
1

C2=(t2-b42)*(1-)=(1,48-0,15)*(1-0,5)=0,665

h
C2
0,05
0,665
=
=0,272
*
2bh= 42 *
b 42 C 2 +b 42 0,15 0,665 + 0,15

- H s t tn rto khi xt n bo ha mch t tn v hiu ng mt ngoi:

r2bh=r2-2bh=1,776-0. 272=1,504
- H s t tn tp rto khi xt n bo ha mch t tn:
t2bh=t2*=2,308*0,5=1,019
- H s t tn do rnh nghin rto khi xt n bo ha mch t tn:
rnbh=rn*=0,648*0,5=0,324
- Tng h s t tn rto khi xt n bo ha mch t tn v hiu ng mt
ngoi
2bh=r2bh+ t2bh+2+rnbh=1,504+1,019+0,612+0,324=3,459
- in khng rto khi xt n hiu ng mt ngoi v bo ha t ca mch t
tn:
x2bh=x2*

2bh
2

=1*

3,459
=0,65
5,338

- Cc tham s ngn mch khi xt n hiu ng mt ngoi v s bo ha ca

nch t tn
rn=r1+r2=0,33+0,23=0,56

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-60 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

xnbh=x1bh+x2bh=0,297+0,65=0,947
Znbh= r 2 n + x 2 nbh = 0,56 2 + 0,947 2 =1,1
4. Dng in khi ng
Ik=

U1
220
=
= 200 A
Z nbh 1,1

Tr s ny bng vi tr s gi thit nn khng cn tnh li

5. Bi s dng in khi ng
ik=

Ik
200
=
= 7,2
I m
29

Gi tr ny khng sai khc nhiu so vi gi tr chn ban u

in khng h cm khi xt n bo ha:
x12n=x12*k=26,565*1,62=43,03
C2bh=1+
I2k=

x'2bh
x12 n

= 1+

0,65
=1,015
43,03

Ik
200
=
= 197 A
C 2bh 1,015

6. Bi s momen khi ng
mk=(

I ' 2 k 2 r ' 2
197 2 0,23
)*
*sm=(
)*
*0,024=1,73
r '2
25,14
0,196
I ' 2 m

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-61 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

CHNG 9 TNH TON NHIT

Khi lm vic, my in lun sinh ra tn hao, bin thnh nhit nng v lm nng cc
b phn ca my. Khi trng thi nhit trong my n nh th ton b nhit thot
ra t my ta ra mi trng xung quanh nh s chnh lch nhit gia cc b phn
ca my b t nng v mi trng bn ngoi.
Nhim v ca tnh ton nhit l xc nh tng nhit ca cc b phn trong my
in. y l qu trnh phc tp v kt cu ca my in khc nhau, qu trnh sn
xut khc nhau u nh hng n qu trnh tn nhit ca my. tng nhit ph
thuc vo tnh cht vt liu m ch yu l vt liu cch in, chn tng nhit
thp cha hn l u im v cn phi tnh n vic s dng vt liu c hiu sut
kinh t tt nht. tng nnhit cn ph thuc vo ch lm vic ca ng c
(nhit , m) v cng ngh ch to.
Tn nhit trong my in thng qua hai hnh thc: truyn nhit trong vt rn v tn
nhit nh bc x, i lu.
Gii quyt vn tn nhit cho my in l mt vic quan trng nht l khi thit k
cho mt my mi. Vic tnh ton nhit lin quan cht ch n vic lm ngui my
v cui cng l xc nh tng nhit cho php gia dy qun my in v mi
trng.
ng c n khng ng b kiu kn IP44 ny c tnh ton nhit theo s
thay th nhit. My c qut thi ngoi v my qua cc cnh tn nhit, ng thi c
gi tun hon trong v my nh cnh qut t trn vnh ngn mch ca rto lng
sc. Tm cao my h=160 mm v chiu di lp t ca v l S.
1. Cc ngun nhit trn s thay th nhit bao gm
-Tn hao trn stato:
Qcu1=Pcu1+0,5*Pf=766+0,5*82=807
-Tn hao st trn stator:
QFe=PFe=323 W
-Tn hao trn roto:
QR=Pcu2+0,5*Pf+Pc+Pbm+Pm=372+0,5*82+123+13,7+39=588,7 W

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr
Rcd

Cu

Cu

PCu

PCu
Qcd

RCu

QCu

PR

RFe

QFe

Qd,

Rd,

Hnh 9.1
2. Nhit tr trn mt li st stator
1
1
1
1
1
1
*(
+
)=
*(
+
) =1,58*10-2 C/W
S Dn g g 1196 0.09 0,128

RFe=RFeg+Rg=
Trong :

SDn=*Dn*l=*27,2*14=1196 cm2
g=

Fe
hg 1

30 *10 2
2
= 0,128 W/cm *C
2,35

g=0,09 W/cm2C
Chn Fe=30*10-2 theo bng 8-2 trang 170 TKM
3. Nhit tr phn u ni dy qun stator
R=

Sc
1
0,02
1
+
=
+
= 0,198 *10 2 C/W
2
c * S * S 0,16 *10 *11175 0,104 *11175

Trong :
c=0,02 cm (cch in u ni bng bng vi)
c=0,16*10-2 W/C theo bng 8-2 trang 170 TKM
=(1+0,54vR2)*10-3= (1+0,54*13,82)*10-3=0,104 W/cm2C
Vi:
vR=

* D * n2
6000

*18 *1464

SVTH : Chu Quang t

6000

=13,8

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

S=2*Z1*Cb*l=2,48*6*19,4=11175 cm2
y:
Chu vi ca bi dy Cb=d1+d2=2*h1=7,5+9+2*21,8=6 cm
4. Nhit tr c trng cho chnh lch gia khng kh nng bn trong my
v v my
R=

1
1
=
=0,164 C/W
* S 2,59 *10 3 * 2358

Vi: =0*(1+k0*vR)*10-3=1,42*10-3*(1+0,06*13,8)=2,59*10-3W/C*cm2
0=1,42*10-3 W/C*cm2 h s tn nhit b mt mi trng tnh
k0 h s tnh n s hon ho ca s dch chuyn dng khng kh b mt
phn u ni dy qun k0=0,050,07 chn k0=0,06
S: din tch b mt bn trong v my, bao gm nhng phn khng tip xc
vi b mt stato v np my, chn chiu di v my L bng hai ln li st stato:
L=2*l1=2*14=28 cm
S=*Dn*L+2*
=*27,2*28+2*

* Dn 2 *
4

-*l1*Dn

27,2 2 *
-*14*27,2
4

=2358 cm2
5. Nhit tr b mt ngoi v my
R=
=

1
v *S v + 'v *S ' n + "v *S "n

1
0,01* 9760 + 9,1*10 *1865 + 1,42 *10 3 *1865
3

=8,53*10-3 C/W
y:
Kg=

g
1,5
0,0366
c
b
0,3
*
+
=
+
*
= 2,006
b + c ' g 2,006 b + c 0,3 + 1,5 5,2 *10 3 0,3 + 1,5

v=v*Kg=2,006*5,2*10-3=0,01C/W
Trong :
v=3,6*d-0,2*vv0,8*10-4=3,6*0,018-0,2*10,430,8*10-4=5,2*10-3 W/cm2C
Vi:
d=1,8 cm ng knh tng ng
vv: tc gi thi mt ngoi v my tnh n suy gim 50% theo chiu
di gn tn nhit. ng knh ngoi cnh qut ly bng Dn
SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

vv=0,5*

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

* Dn * n
6000

= 0,5 *

* 27,2 *1464

= 10,43 m/s

6000

g=**th(*h)=0,93*4*10-2*th(0,93*2,5)=0,0366W/cm2C
np sau tc gi ca cnh qut khong b suy gim nn h s tn nhit
trn np c gi thi bng:
=3,6*d-0,2*v0,8*10-4=3,6*0,018-0,2*(2*19,43)0,8*10-4=9,1*10-3W/cm2C
H s tn nhit trn np khng c gi thay i:
n=0=1,42*10-3 W/cm2C
Chiu cao cnh h=2,5cm khang cch trung bnh gia cc gn c=1,5 cm
chiu dy gn b=0,3 cm c xc nh khi thit k my
b
c

Din tch v my k c gn tn nhit:

Sv=[*(Dn1+2*q)-ng*b+ng*(2*h+b)]*L
=[*(27,2+2*0,5)-52*0,3+52*(2*2,5+0,3)]
=9760 cm2
Vi ng: s gn tn nhit
ng=

* ( Dn + 2 * a)
b+c

* (27,2 + 2 * 0,5)
0,3 + 1,5

= 52,7

Chn ng=52 gn
Din tch np my trc v sau:
Sn=Sn=
=

* ( Dn + 2 * a) 2
4

* ( 27,2 + 2 * 0,5)2
4

+ ln* ( Dn + 2 * a ) *

+ 14 * ( 27,2 + 2 * 0,5) *

=1865 cm2
6. Nhit tr trn lp cch in rnh
Rc=

c * S c

0,03
+ 0,00465 C/W
0,16 *10 2 * 4032

Trong :
Sc=Z1*Cb*l1=48*6*14=4032 cm2 din tch truyn nhit ca lp cch in
c=0,16*10-2 W/C*cm
SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

c=0,03 cm dy cch in rnh

7. chnh nhit ca v my vi mi trng
=(Qcu1+QFe+QR)*R=(807+323+589)*8,53*10-3=14,66C
8. tng nhit ca dy qun stato
1 =

Qcu1 * ( RFe + Rc ) + P Fe *R Fe + PR * R ' *

1+

R Fe + Rc
R + R'

RFe + R c
R + R'

807 * (2,05 *10 2 ) + 323 *1,58 *10 2 + 589 *16,4 *10 2 *

=
1+

2,05 *10 2
16,6 *10 2

2,05 *10 2
16,6 *10 2

=43,68 C/W
y:
RFe +Rc=1,58*10-2+0,465*10-2=2,05*10-2 C/W
R+R=0,198*10-2+16,4*10-2=16,6*10-2 C/W

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

CHNG 10. TNH TON THNG GI V LM NGUI

n nay tr mt s trng hp c bit, hu ht cc my in hin i u
c h s s dng vt liu cao, ngha l tn dng trit v phng din ti in t A
v B do nhit lng do tn hao ta ra trn n v din tch b mt ca my rt
ln. Nh vy cng vi vic nng cao ti in t cn phi tnh cng lm ngui my
mt cch hiu qu.
Phng php lm ngui my in ch yu l to nn s i lu ca mi
trng lm ngui. Mi trng lm ngui c th l mi trng kh: (khng kh,
hidr), c th l mi trng lng: du bin p, nc. Trong chng ny ch yu
nghin cu vn thng gi bng khng kh.
Lm ngui bng khng kh c phn lm bn loi sau:
- Lm ngui t nhin (my c cng sut nh hn 1kW)
- Thng gi trn b mt vt liu tc dng bng qut c trn trc my.
- Thng gi trn mt ngoi v my bng qut c trn trc my.
- Thng gi bng phng tin bn ngoi (qut, bm kh hay cht lng).
Phng php ny cn gi l thng gi cng bc, c u im gi c nguyn
cng lm ngui mi tc ca rto k c khi rto ng yn.
I. H thng thng gi
H thng thng gi c th l mt kt cu to nn chu trnh h hoc kn.
trng hp th nht, khng khi ngui c thi vo my qua b mt b phn nng
v mang nhit ra mi trng xung quanh. trng hp th hai, ch cn mt lng
kh lm ngui chuyn ng theo chu trnh kn. Sau khi i qua my, kh b t nng
c a ra ni lm ngui ri li quay tr li my.
Ty theo tc dng, qut t trn trc c chia lm hai loi: qut nn v qut
ht.
u im ca qut ht so vi qut nn l lung khng kh i qua my khng
b t nng trc do c st vi cnh qut. Cn ch rng khi qua cnh qut khng
kh c th b nng ln khong 3 7C, iu bt buc phi tng lng khng kh
t 15 20 % mt cch v ch iu dn n tn hao v thng gi.
tng cng hiu qu lm ngui ca lung khng kh, thng s dng cc
kiu h thng thng gi sau:
- H thng thng gi hng knh.
- H thng thng gi hng trc.
- H thng thng gi hn hp(va hng knh va hng trc).
Mi h thng u c u nhc im ca n.
- H thng thng gi hng knh c u im lm tng din tch ta nhit,
lm ngui u theo chiu di my v gim chc chn ca li thp v s bin dng
ca cc thp l thp. Nu xy ra x dch trong cc thp l thp s ct c cch in
rnh gy nn chm v dy qun. V mt kh ng lc, phi tn thm psut cho
SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

lung kh i phng t ngt (90) khi vo rnh thng gi hng knh, tn hao
qut gi v tn hao ph tng ln v. vNgoi ra, vic lp rp li st cng phc tp
hn v phi m bo rnh thng gi li st stato v rto hon ton i nhau.
H thng thng gi hng trc c u im l t tn hao p sut kh, ta nhit
nhiu theo chiu di qua b mt cc ng thng gi hng trc xuyn qua li thp,
c bit l tc dng chuyn ng xoy dc trc ca lung khng kh. Nhc im
ca h thng ny l kh ng dng loi my di, c bit nhng my c kch thc
gng ln, c chnh lch nhit ln theo chiu cao gng, bi v kh lm ngui
theo chiu di ca my.
H thng thng gi trn mt ngoi v my c dng loi my kiu kn
IP44 tr ln, kiu chng n, dng trong hm m, nhng ni bi bm, c kh n hoc
ha cht ph hoi cch in v. v loi my ny b mt ngoi ca v my l b
mt tn nhit chnh cho nn cn c kt cu thch hp tng din tch tn nhit nh
cnh tn nhit, ng hng trc dn khng kh xuyn qua thn my
Tnh ton thng gi cui cng quy v vic chn kt cu my(kiu bo v)v
h thng thng gi, chn cht lm ngui sau gii cc bi ton c bn sau:
- Kim tra li h thng thng gi
- Chn kt cu qut gi thch hp vi lng khng kh cho ng vi tng
nhit quy nh.
- Xc nh s phn b hiu qu nht ca cht lm ngui trn h thng lm
ngui sao cho thot c nhit tt nht vi tn hao trn qut t nht.
- Xc nh tn hao p sut t nht trn ng i bng cch lm cho h thng
thng gi c dng tt nht v mt kh ng hc.
- Thit k qut c hiu sut v tin cy cao v mt c kh.
II. Tnh ton thng gi
Bi ton v thng gi phi gii quyt hai vn sau:
- Xc nh lng khng kh Q cn thit thi qua my, m3/s
- Xc nh p sut H m bo a lng kh h thng thng gi, kg/m2
1. Xc nh lng khng kh cn thit
Lng khng kh a qua my phi a nhit lng trong my thot ra
ngoi v m bo chnh nhit ca dy qun mc cho php. Nu lng
khng kh qu nhiu s lm tngcng sut qut mt cch v ch, tn hao v thng
gi s tng v hiu sut ca my gim. Thng thng do dng khng kh qua my
mang hu ht nhit lng do tn hao trong my sinh ra, v vy lng khng kh
c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Q=

P
C k * k

Trong :
p tng tn hao ca my
SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Ck =1100 (J/m3C) nhit dung ca khng kh

k=r-v tng nhit ca khng kh
my

r,v nhit khng kh nng ra khi my v nhit khng kh ngui vo

Thng ly k=20C i vi my cch in cp A,E,B v c th n 30C

i vi my in cp F,H. i vi my thy in hay nhit in ly k=25C
III. Tnh ton qut gi
Nhim v ca qut gi my in l to ra mt p sut ln a dng
kh cn thit qua h thng thng gi ca my.
Cu to ca qut ph thuc vo my in nn khi thit k qut phi lu c
im sau:
- Tc quay ca qut c xc nh trc bi tc quay ca my.
- Kch thc qut v kiu hng gi vo my cng b gii hn bi kt cu ca
my.
- Nhng i lng c bn nh Q v H m qut phi m bo ph thuc vo
c tnh ca ng dn kh trong h thng thng gi chn.
- Vn hiu sut ca qut v ting n ca qut cng c ngha quan trng.
C ba loi qut in dng trong my in: qut ly tm, qut hng trc v
qut hn hp ly tm v hng trc, nhng thng dng nht vn l qut ly tm.
1. c im ca qut ly tm
qut ly tm khi cnh qut quay, khng kh khe gia cc cnh qut b y
ra ngoi di tc dng ca lc ly tm, do vng vng trong ca cnh qut ni l
gi vo to thnh vng khng kh long cn vng ngoi cnh qut ni gi thot ra
c p sut cao.
Qut ly tm c dng nhiu trong my in v to c p sut kh cao ph
hp vi c tnh thng gi trong my in. Nhc im c bn ca n l hiu sut
thp (qut ly tm cnh hng knh c hiu sut = 0,2, trong khi qut hng trc
c hiu sut = 0,8).
Ty theo tc quay v yu cu v i chiu quay trong my in, c th
dng ba loi qut ly tm chnh sau:
- my i chiu quay cnh i hng trc
- my quay chm, khng i chiu quay: u ngoi ca cnh qut un
cong thun chiu quay ca cnh qut.
- my quay nhanh, khng i chiu quay: u ngoi ca cnh qut un
cong ngc chiu quay ca cnh qut.
2. c tnh ca qut ly tm

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

c tnh ca qut l mi quan h gia p sut tnh H v qut to ra vi lng

khng kh tiu hao Q. qut ly tm c tnh c biu th trong hnh c tnh
qut ly tm, trong cn ch n hai im lm vic c trng sau:
- im khng ti ca qut ng vi ch lm vic khi to ra p sut tnh H0
v khng c lng khng kh tiu hao(Q = 0). l im ng vi H = H/H0 v Q
= Q/Qmax = 0.
- im tiu hao cc i Q = Qmax khi p sut H = 0. im ny H = 0 v Q
= 1 v gi l im ngn mch. Ch Khng ti ca qut xy ra trong thc t khi ta
bt kn cc l pha ng knh ngoi ca vng qut. Lc ny, khng kh nm gia
cc cnh qut (trong vng qut) di tc dng ca lc ly tm s nn ln vng ngoi
ca qut vi mt p sut H0. Lng khng kh i qua qut Q = 0. Ch ngn mch
xy ra khi khng c tr lc kh ng lc bn ngoi, ngha l khi qut tip xc trc
tip vi mi trng bn ngoi .
1. Xc nh lng khng kh cn thit Q
Lng khng kh qua my pht phi gi nhit du qun nhit cho
php, gi cng sut qut mc qui nh trnh tn hao gy ra do thng gi:
Q=

f * P 1 *1719
3
=
= 0,052 m /s
c k * k 1100 * 30

Trong :
f=1 h s xt n tn hao kh
Ck nhit dung ring ca khng kh ck=1100 J/m3C
k tng nhit ca khng kh
r, v nhit khkng kh nng i ra khi my v nht khng kh ngui
vo my. Thng ly k =30C i vi my cp F
2. Lng khng kh tiu hao cc i
Qmax=2*Q=2*0,052=0,104 m3/s
3. Tnh ton qut ly tm
Chn qut ly tm hng knh cnh thng ph hp cho ng c hot ng
bnh thng v khi i chiu.
ng knh ngoi cnh qut
D2q=Dn=27,2 cm
Hiu sut cao nht ca cnh qut:
Theo l thuyt tnh ton v thc nghim i vi qut ly tm hiu sut cc i
l:
max=Q/Qmax=0,5
Tit din m khng kh i qua ti ng knh ngoi ca cnh qut:

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

Sd=

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Qmax
0,104
2
=
= 118,8 cm
0,42 * v2 0,42 * 20,85

Trong : v2 tc di ca vcc im trn vng ngoi ca cnh qut:

v2=

* D2 q * n =

60

60

* 27,2 *1464 *10 2 = 20,85 m/s

Chiu rng dc trc ca cnh qut:

b4=

Sd
118,8
=
= 1.511 cm
0,92 * * D2 q 0,92 * * 27,2

ng knh trong ca cnh qut:

Tr lc khng kh ti ch gi vo Z1
Z1=

1
S1 2

61 *10 3
= 989,9 Kgs 3 / m 8
2
0,00785

Trong :
1=61*10-3 kgs2/m4 h s tr lc ti ch gi vo
S1=0,00785 m2 tit din ca cc l thng gi
ng hc ca gi mt trong chao chp qut Z2
Z2=

2
S2

7,5 *10 3
= 247,9 Kgs 3 / m 8
0,00552

Trong :
2=7,5*10-3kgs2/m4
D2=0,35 m ng kmh chao chp qut
Lc=0,005 m chiu di chao chp qut
S =*dc*l1=*0,3*0,005=0,0055 m3
Tr lc ng hc tnh n ma st gia mt trong ca chao chp qut v v
my:
Z 3=

3
S3

1,27 *10 3
= 1052,2 kgs2/m8
3 2
(1,207 *10 )

Trong :
=

5*l
5 * 0,01
*10 3 =
*10 3 = 1,27 *10 3 kgs3/m4
d
39,2

l=0,01 m chiu di phn gn gia chao chp v v my

d=

2 * a * b 2 * 20 * 942,5
=
= 39,2 mm
a+b
20 + 942,5

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

S3=

*d 2
4

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

* 39,2 2

*10 6 = 1,207 *10-3 m2

Tr lc ng hc gia chao chp v v my Z4:

4

Z 4=

S4

30 *10 3
= 1972,4 kgs2/m8
0,0039 2

Trong :
=30*10-3 kgs3/m4
S4 din tch vnh khn gia chao v v my
S4=Sc-Sv=0,0804-0,0765=0,0039 m2
Sc=

Vi:
Sv=

* dv2
4

Vi:

*d c 2
4

* 0,312 2
4

* 0,32 2

= 0,0804 m

= 0,076 m

dv=Dn+2*a=27,2+2*2= 31,2 cm

Tr lc ca c h thng b mt:
Z=Z1+Z2=Z3+Z4=899,9+247,9+1052,2+1972,3=4172 kgs2/m8
p sut cn thit m qut gi cn m bo:
H =Z*Q2=4,72*0,0522=11,28 kg/m2
p sut tnh ca qut lc khng ti:
H0=

11,28
H
=
= 15,04 kg/m2
0,75 0,75

Tc di ca cc im trn vng trong ca cnh qut:

U1= U 1 2

H 0*g
15,04 * 9,81
= 20,85 2
= 15,15 m/s
0 *
0,6 *1,2

Tong :
knh

0=0,6 hiu sut kh ng ca cnh qut lc khng ti i vi qut hng

G=9,81 m/s2 gia tc trng trng
=1,2 kg/m3 trng lng ring ca khng kh
ng knh trong ca cnh qut:
D1q=
Do=

60000 * v1 60000 *15,5

=
= 20,2 cm
*n
*1464

D2 q
D1q

27,2
= 1,35 nm trong khong 1,21,5
20,2

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Vy qut thit k y yu cu
4. Chiu cao cnh qut
hq=

D2 q D1q
2

27,2 20,2
= 3,5 cm
2

5. S cnh qut
m bo chc chn v c thng chn chiu cao ca cnh qut bnh
khong cch trung bnh gia cc cnh qut:
Nc= *

D2 q + D1q
D 2 q D 1q

= *

27,2 + 20,2
= 21,3
27,2 20,2

gim ting ku ca qut s cnh qut nn l s nguyn t:

Theo bng 7-1 trang 163TKM
Chn Nc=23
6. Kch thc qut
Chiu cao trung bnh cnh qut:
B=bv-(512)=16,8-(512)
Chn:

b=10

B dy trung bnh ca cnh qut:

bc=(39) mm
bc=5mm

Chn:

7. Cng sut qut Pq

Pq=

9,81 * H * Q

SVTH : Chu Quang t

9,81 *11,28 * 0,052

= 31,96
1,18

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Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

CHNG 11. TNH TON C

Thit k kt cu l mt phn quan trng trong ton b thit k my in. Cn c
vo trng thi lm vic ca my thit k ra mt kt cu thch hp t tnh ton
c.
Nguyn tc chung thit k kt cul:
-m bo tin cy lc vn hnh my.
-Bo dng my thun tin.
-m bo ch to n ginm, gi thnh thp.
-Nhim v tnh ton c bao gm: tnh ton trc, tnh ton sc bn ca trc, chn
bi, chn v my, chn mc treo, chn chao chp qut v np my.
I. Tnh ton trc
Ngoi vic phi chu ton b trng lng ca rto ra, trc cn chu momen
xon v momen un trong qu trnh ng ti (bnh rng, curoa). Trc cn chu
lc hng trc, thng l lc ko nh cc my kiu trc ng. Ngoi nhng ti
trn cn phi ch n lc t mt pha do khe h sinh ra. Cui cng trc cn phi
chu lc do cn bng ng khng tt gy nn, nht l khi qu tc gii hn.
Mun thit k mt trc cn phi m bo ba yu cu c bn sau:
- Phi c bn tt c cc tit din ca trc khi my lm vic, k c lc
c s c ngn mch.
- Phi c cng trnh sinh ra vng qu ln lm chm rto vi
stato.
- Tc gii hn ca trc phi khc nhiu vi tc lc my lm vic bnh
thng.
Khi tnh ton trc phi tnh ch lm vic xu nht.
ng knh trc ch c li st i vi my 1 250 kW c th chn gn
ng theo cng thc sau:
d = 0,25*D i vi my c mt chiu v ng b
d = 0,3*D i vi my khng ng b.
Tong D l ng knh ngoi rto.
Trc c ch to bng thp tt, s 40 hay 45.
i vi cc ng knh n 100 mm th dng phi liu l thp cn, cn ca
my ln th c ch to bng thp rn c hnh dng tng ng vi trc thc, c d
lng gia cng. Trn trc my thng c nhiu bc i vi my in hin i c
ng knh n 100 mm thng thit k ng knh cc bc thang k nhau khc
nhau rt t v c gng cng t bc cng tt tng cng sc bn ca trc v tnh
kinh t lc gia cng. Trng lng trc lc tuy c tng nhng khng ng k v
trc ch chim t 6 10 % trng lng ca my. i vi my c trc ng knh
ln do lm bng thp rn nn thit k cc bc thang theo sc bn v cng ca
tng bc.
SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-74 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Trn trc my thng c then. B rng ca then chn theo b rng ca then
phn u trc my v c tiu chun ha. u trc c l tm. Khi chn kch
thc tiu chun ca l tm phi chn ln hn mt cp v trong my in khng
nhng l tm dng d gia cng trc m cn gia cng nhng chi tit lp trn trc
nhtin ng knh ngoi li st rto, vnh i chiu
i vi trc c ng p li st nh hn 50 mm th c th khng dng
then c nh li st m dng phng php lm nhm.
II. Chn kch thc trc
a) ng knh trc
Dt=0,3*D=0,3*17,9=5,37 cm
D:ng knh ngoi rto
b) Hnh dng trc
x1=8 mm

y1=10 mm

z1=25 mm

x2=28 mm

y2=35 mm

z2=60 mm

x3= 65 mm

y3=40 mm

z3=70 mm

c= 80 mm
a=145 mm

b=120 mm

l=a+b= 145+120= 265 mm

L =360 mm
2. Kim tra bn trc
a) Trng lng trc
G=0,3*Dn22*l2=0,3*1792*140*10-6=28,3 kg
Dn2:ng knh li st rto
l2:chiu di li st rto
b) vng gia trc do trng lng sinh ra
fG=

G
* ( S b *a 2 + S a *b 2 )
2
3* E *l

Trong :
E=2,1*106 kg/cm2 moun n hi ca thp
3

Sa=

x1
x 2 3 x1
x3 x 2
+
+
J1
J2
J3

Sb=

y y2
y1
y 3 y1
+ 2
+ 3
J1 '
J '2
J3 '

Vi Ji=

*d i 4
64

l momen qun tnh ca tit din cc bc thang

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-75 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Chn tit din di

tit din

1a

16

1b

30

1c

16

2a

22

2b

34

2c

20

3a

26

3b

38

3c

24

4a

30

J1=
J2=

*d 1 4
64

*d 2 4
64

64

* d34

J3=

*16 4

64

* 22 4
64

= 11500 mm

= 39760 mm

83
283 83 653 283
+
+
= 8,38
3217 11500
39760

Sb=

10 3 353 10 3 40 3 353
+
+
= 0,8699
3976
65597
102354

J2=
J3=
fG=

* 30 4
64

* 34 4
64

* 38 4
64

di

Sa=

J1=

tit din

= 3217 mm

* 30 4
64

di

= 39760 mm4
4

= 65597 mm

= 102354 mm4

28,3
* (0,8699 *145 2 + 8,38 *120 2 ) =8,8889 mm
3 * 21 *10 6 * 265

c) Mmen cn ca ti
Mx=

97500 * Pm 97500 *15

= 9,99 kg*cm
=
M m
1464

d) Lc sinh ra do mmen cn ca ti P
P= k*

Mx
999
= 1,8*
= 299,7kg
R
6

R= 6cm bn knh bnh rng

K: h s truyn ng thng thng ng c nh chn k= 1,8
E: vng ca ti
fp =

P
* [(1,5l * l * S o Sb) * a + b * S o ]
3* E *l 2

Trong :

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-76 -

Lun n Tt Nghip
2

So =

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr
2

Y Y2
10 2
35 2 10 2 40 2 35 2
Y1 Y2
=
+
+
= 0,02333
+
+ 3
39760
65597
102354
J '1
J '2
J '3

fp =

299,7
[(1,5 * 265 * 0,02333 0,8699) * 8,38 + 120 * 8,38
3 * 2,1*10 6 * 265 2

=0,729*106
f) lch chuyn do vng eo
eo = 0,18 + fG + fP = 0,1*0,5 + 8,8879*10-6 + 0,729*10-6 = 50,0096*10-3 mm
g) Lc t mt pha
Lc t mt pha do c lch tm ban u sinh ra.
Qo =

3 * D2 n * l 2 * lo

= 3 *17 * 9 *140 *

0,05 * 0,096
= 7532kgmm = 75,32 kgcm
0,5

h) vng do lc t mt pha
fo =

f G * Qo 8,8889 *10 6 * 7532

=
= 2,366 *10 3 mm
G
28,3

i) vng do lc t mt pha sinh ra lc n nh

fM =

fo
f
2,366 *10 3
= o =
= 2,4835*10-3
3
fo 1 m
2,366 *10
1
1
eo
50,0096 *10 3

j) Tng cc vng
f = fG + fp + fM = 8,8889*10-6 + 5*0,729*10-6 + 2,4835*10-3 = 2493*10-6 mm
ta c: f 10% = 0,1*0,5 = 0,05mm = 50000*10-6 mm
k) Tc gii hn ca ng c
2,366
1 m
50,0096
ngh = 300*
= 300
= 98,214 vng/pht
fG
8,8889 * 10 6
1

70%ngh = 68750 nb = 1500 v/p ng c khng b rung khi xy ra cng

hng.
m/ iu kin bn ca trc:
on c l on c kh nng gy trc tin khi c s c.
ng xut do mmen un.
v =

Mu
W

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-77 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Mu = k*l*p
k = 2 l h s ti
W = 0,1*d3 mmen khng un.
- ng xut do mmen xon:
*k *M X

x =

Vi:
: h s t l gia ng xut un v ng xut xon i vi ng c c th
thay i chiu quay = 0,8
= u2 + X 2 =

1
2
* M u + ( * k * M X ) 2
W

- Ti tit din 1c:

Mu = 2*25*299,7 = 14985 kgmm
W = 0,1*(16 0,5)3 = 372,4mm3
=

1
* 14985 2 + (0,8 * 2 * 9990) 2 = 58,834kg / mm 2
372,4

Ti tit din 2c:

Mu= 2*60*299,7 = 35964 kgmm
W = 0,1*(20-0,5)3= 741,5 mm3
=

1
* 35964 2 + (0,8 * 2 * 9990) 2 = 53,07 kg / mm 2
741,5

Ti tit din 3c:

Mu = 2*70*299 ,7 = 41958 kgmm
W = 0,1*(24-0,5)3 = 1297,8 mm3
=

1
* 41958 + (0,8 * 2 * 9990) 2 = 34,6kg / mm 2
1297,8

3. Tnh ton gi trc bi

T ph lc XII trang 650 TKM.
Ta chn loi bi trung bnh k hiu 305.
ng knh trong d = 25 mm.
ng knh ngoi D = 62 mm
B dy

B = 17 mm

Bn knh trong mp r = 2 mm
H s kh nng lm vic C = 27000

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-78 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Tc gii hn nth = 10000 v/p

b) Phn lc ln nht ti bi mang puly truyn ng
RB =

G + Qo
c 28,3 + 75,32
80
= 90,7
*a + p* =
*145 + 299,7 *
l
l
265
265

c) Ti ng tr bi trc ngang truyn ng

Q = (kB + m*A)*kt = 90,7 + 1,5*0,1*90,7)*1,5 = 156,45
Trong :
m: h s qui i ti hng trc v ti hng knh.
Ly m = 1,5
kt = 1,5 h s xt n c tnh ti khi c thay i t.
A = 0,1*RB Ti hng trc
D: Tui th bi.
C = Q*(nb*h)0,3
H: tui th ca bi
N: tc nh mc (v/p)
C: hng s nng lc lm vic ca bi
Q: ti ng tr
h=

27000 10 / 3
C
1
1
)
= 19547
* ( )10 / 3 =
*(
nb Q
1464 156,45

Tui th thng ly
h = (1,5 20)*103 gi
Kt qu chp nhn c
4. Chn v my
V my l kt cu c bn ca ng c, vic chn kt cu v my phi ph
hp vi u cu truyn nhit v thng gi. Ngoi ra, cn cng v bn
khi lm vic cng nh khi gia cng my. i vi ng c khng ng b iu ny
rt quan trng v khe h khng kh ca ng c nh nn mt s bin dng nh ca
v my cng khin cho rto v stato va chm nhau. cng v bn ca v my
kh tnh chnh xc, thng phi da vo kinh nghim thit k.
Vi ng c thit k, ta chn loi v c gang,v gi thnh r v cng tha
mn v cng v bn, ng thi gang cng u im nht v gim xung.
V khng c gn trong ch c gn ngoi v ng c thuc kiu kn, lm mt
bng gi thi mt ngoi. Lng ca li st stato p st vo mt trong ca v v
truyn nhit trc tip ln v my, v my lm nhiu gn v c thit k di ra
tng din tch tn nhit.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-79 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

V ng c kiu kn nn cn lp ghp gia v v li st stato phi tht kht

bng cch lp ghp trung gian.
5. Chn np my
Tc dng ca np my l bo v dy qun ,ngoi ra n cn c tc dng
trc
Theo kinh nghim thit k, i vi ng c trung bnh v nh, b dy np
c chn l 5 cm, np c bng gang. V ng c l kiu kn lm mt bng gi
mt ngoi nn np khng nhng c l thng gi m cn c thm cc cnh qut tn
nhit. Np trc v np sau nh nhau. Trn np my thit k ba ci vu cp trn
my tin khi gia cng
6. Kch thc tng qut v chn ca my theo ph lc I trang 598 (TKMD)
Vi:
h = 160mm

d1

b10 = 254mm
l10 = 210mm

l31 =108mm

l1

d10 = 15mm

l31

l10

b10

Hnh 11.1
7. Chn mc treo
tin cho vic vn chuyn ng c, trn v my c lp mt mc treo. Cn
c vo trng lng ng c v tiu chun OCT 4751-60, ph luc XI trang 646
TKM
Ta chn loi mc treo c ren M8 vi cc kch thc sau:
d1=36mm

l=18cm

d2=20mm

f=2mm

d3=8mm

c=1,2mm

d4=20mm

x=2,5mm

d5=13mm

r=2mm

h=18mm

r1=4mm

h1=6mm

r2=4mm

h2=5mm

b=10mm

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-80 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr
d3

120

d1

d3

h2
d2

r
h
d

h1

c
d
d4

Hnh 11.2

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-81 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

CHNG 12. TRONG LNG VT LIU TC DNG V CH TIU S

DNG
1. Trng lng thp silic cn chun b
GFe = (Dn + )2*l1*ke*Fe*10-3 = (27,2 + 0,5)2 *14*0,95*7,8*10-3 = 79,6 kg
2. Trng lng dng ca dy qun stato
- Khi khng tnh cch in.
Gcu = Z1*ur1*n*s1*ltb*cu*10-5 = 48*56*1*1,368*33,4*8,9*10-5 = 10,93 kg
- Khi k c cch in
Gcu = [0,876 + 0,124*(
= [ 0,876 + 0,124*(

d c 2
) *Gcu
d

1,405 2
) ]*10,93
1,32

= 11,11 kg
3. Trng lng nhm rto (khng k cnh qut vnh ngn mch)
Trng lng nhm thanh dn.
GTd = Z2*STd*l2*a*10-5 = 38*137*14*2,6*10-5 = 1,895 kg
Trng lng nhm vnh ngn mch.
Gv = 2**Dv*Sv*a*10-5 = 2**14,82*518,8*2,6*10-5 = 1,256 kg
Trng lng nhm rto.
GAl = GTd + Gv = 1,895 + 1,256 = 3,151 kg
Ch tiu kinh t v vt liu tc dng.
- Thp k thut in:
gFe =

g Fe 79,6
=
= 5,037 kg/kw
15
p

- ng:
gcu =

Gcu 11,11
=
= 0,741 kg/kw
p
15

- Nhm:
gAl =

G Al 3,151
=
= 0,21 kg/kw
p
15

i vi vt liu k thut nh ng, nhm, st kh t tin nn cn thit phi

chnh xc. Ring gang l vt liu ch to v, np, chao chp thng c hnh dng
kh phc tp nn tnh kh khn. Do khi i vo sn sut, ngi ta ch to th mt
ci ri em c v cn th chnh xc cao v n gin.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-82 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

PHN III
TIT KIM NNG LNG IN BNG CCH IU KHIN H S
CNG SUT
Cc ng c khng ng b rto lng sc nh qut gi, my ht bi, my khoan.
Theo s pht trin ca khoa hc cng ngh, ng c khng ng b pht trin mnh
m. a s cc ng c thng lm vic khng phi lc no cng y ti m h s
cng sut cng nh hiu sut ca ng c ch c gi tr cao khi ng c hot ng
y ti. Chnh v vy nhng lc hot ng khng ti hay non ti, h s cng sut
thp, lm nh hng li in cung cp v tn hao cng sut phn khng nhiu.
Nh vy vn t ra l lm sao m bo ng c lun hot ng h s cng
sut cao. l mong mun rt ln ca cc x nghip cng nghip tit kim nng
lng in.
Trong thi k in kh ha theo sau n in, ng c khng ng b c s ph
bin rng ln trong i sng x hi hin i. Ngi ta khai thc trit kh nng n
nh tc v momen theo s thay i ti v in p. ti nh hiu sut ca ng
c thp, trc cc pht minh k thut in t, tn hao ny thc t khng th lm
gim xung.
ng c y ti tiu th dng in gn nh ng pha vi in p, h s cng sut
lc c bo ton, nng sut vn hnh ca ng c t ti u. Nhng khi ti nh
tnh hung ny hon ton khc, lc ny c th thy s lch pha gia dng v p, lm
cho h s cng sut thp, bin dng tiu th mc cao, iu ny lm tn hao I2R
rt ln trong ng c v ng dy, tuy nhin iu kin pha c bo ton.Tt
nhin tnh hung nh vy, bin dng gim xung ch cn cung cp momen
cn thit cho ti nh. Theo tng iu kin, mang ti mong mun tt hn, vic khi
ng bng cm bin h s cng sut ca ti cung cp ng c v sau thay i
tham s vn hnh thay i quan h pha. Rt may, ch cn gim n p t ci
thin iu kin pha khi ng c nh ti. Thc t, iu ny c thc hin mt cch
t ng lm cho ng c lun vn hnh h s cng sut cao (dng v p gn nh
ng pha mi iu kin ti).
1.iu Khin H S Cng Sut- Mch Chi Tit C Bn.
S c bn c s dng thc hin iu chnh h s cng sut c trnh by
trong hnh 1

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-83 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Vin

(a)

I ac with power
factor correction

(b)

Vin
I

ac

L1

Vac
V0 = Vin /(1-Ton/T)
D1

Q1

C0

R0

Rs

Ton

Ton

(c)

Hnh 1
u tin mch cho php in p gim xung zero sau b chnh lu cu sng sin
ng i qua im zero. Dng ng vo chy lin tc v c dng hnh sin, trnh xung
dng rng hp. Kt qu in p bn hnh sin s iu khin mt b bin i
khuch i ch lin tc.
Nhim v u tin ca mch iu khin h s cng sut l s dng b bin i
khuch i chuyn p ng vo thay i ln v xung theo bn hnh sin thnh in
p khng i, c iu chnh in p DC kh tt hn mc no so vi nh sng
sin ng vo.Thc hin iu ny bng cch s dng b khuch i ch dn lin
tc theo cch sau y.
B khuch i ny khuch i mt in p thp thnh mt in p cao hn bng
cch m Q1 trong thi gian Ton v tch tr nng lng trong cun cm L1. Khi Q1
tt, L1c phn cc nghch v im c chm ca L1 tng n V0 cao hn in p
SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-84 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

ng vo Vin. Nng lng tch tr trong L1 trong thi gian Ton c chuyn qua D1
n ti v C1 trong thi gian Q1 tt. N c trnh by quan h in p ng vo
ng ra trong b khuch i nh sau:
V0 =

Vin
(1)
T on
1
T

By gi xuyn sut na hnh sin ca Vin, thi gian m Q1 biu th bi Ton c

iu chnh rng ph hp vi biu thc trn sinh ra mt in p khng i DC V0
cao hn mt mc no so vi nh ca sng sin in p ng vo. Thi gian m
xuyn sut na chu k hnh sin c iu khin bng mt chip iu khin PFC cm
ng V0, so snh n vi mt in p chun bn trong b khuch i sa sai in p
DC v trong vng hi tip m chnh gi V0 khng i theo gi tr chn.
Thi gian m Q1 ln tng in p ng vo thp ln mt gi tr cao hnnh hnh
sin. V khi Vin tng n nh, chip iu khin PFC s t ng gim thi gian m Q1
chui thi gian m xuyn sut na hnh sin c thy trong hinh 2
Q1 On

Q1 On

Q1 On

Q1 On

Q1 On

Q1 On

di/dt = Vin /L1

I(Q1)

di/dt = V0 - Vin /L1

I(D1)

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Hnh 2
Nhim v th hai ca mch iu chnh h s cng sut l cm ng dng ng vo v
to n tr thnh dang sng sin cng pha vi ng vo. iu ny cng c thc hin
bi s iu bin rng ca thi gian m b n nh khuch i. Thi gian m
c xc nh trong vng hi tip m, so snh mu dng ng vo thc t vi bin
ca dng sng sin chun mch. S khc nhau gia hai sng sin ny l mt in
p sai s m c s dng iu chnh thi gian m buc hai sng sin bng
nhau v bin .
in p cui cng iu khin thi gian m ca b n nh khuch i phi l s
hn hp ca sai s in p DC ng ra v in p sai s ca dng ng vo. iu ny
c thc hin trong b phn rp theo khi m ng ra ca n t l thun vi tch s
in p sai s ca ng ra v in p ng ra sai s dng vo.
2.Mch Khuch i Ch Khng Lin Tc n Vi Ch Lin Tc Cho
S iu Chnh H S Cng Sut

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-85 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

B bin i khuch i c th c hot ng trong ch khng lin tc hay lin

tc. Nhng mch khuch i ch lin tc c s dng tt hn sinh ra na
hnh sin ca dng ng vo khng c gn sng, tng i trn trong ng dng
ny. C th thy t hnhC cho thy b bin i khuch i ch lin tc c cp
t mt in p DC ng vo khng i.
Trong ch lin tc ny, cun cm L1 c chn kh ln. Khi dng Q1 c
dng ca mt dng bc ln vi dng rng ca i ln chm v dng D1 c dng ca
mt dng bc ln vi dng rng ca i xung chm. V c bit, khng c khong
trng ca dng zero gia lc kt thc tt v m tip. Dng ng vo (hnhC1) l tng
ca IQ1v Id v nu dng rng ca c chn bng cch s dng L1 ln, dng ng
vo trong mt chu k chuyn mch lc ny l dng Iav khng i vi gn sng
nh- nh I rt nh. Cng sut ng vo lc ny l Vin*Iav.
By gi i vi ng vo AC, b bin i khuch i ch lin tc nh vy c
s dng sau ng ra b chnh lu cu nh hnh C. bt k im no trn in p ng
vo na hnh sin, thi gian m Q1 s c thay i bi chip iu khin PWM
rng in p tc thi ny thnh in p ng ra yu cu. Mt b khuch i sa sai
in p DC, mt in p chun DC v mt b bin iu rng xung trong chip
iu khin, s iu bin thi gian m Q1 trong vng hi tip sinh ra in p ng
ra DC khng i.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-86 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

ac

VTPB

L1
Vref
Veao

Vin

EA
_

Vb

PWM

D1

Q1

VC
C0

R0
Vea in

Vb

Vt

Veao

VPWMO
(a)
Ton

Ton

Vb (Q1)

(b)
I

av

I (Q1)

(c)

I (D1)

(d)

l
I

in

0 amperes
(e)

I(Q1) cho do
ng ta
i DC thay o
i
ie
n a
p ngova
o kho
ng o
i

Hnh 3
Dng ng vo tc thi s c cm ng bng Rs v t l thun vi in p tc thi.
Trong bt k mt thi gian m, dng chy qua L1, Q1 v Rs tr v im m ca b
chnh lu cu, v trong thi gian tt, n chy qua L1, D1 (R0 v C0) mc song song
v Rs tr v im m ca b chnh lu cu.
Bng cch chn L1 ln, dng gn sng nh-nh xuyn sut mi chu k chuyn
mch nh. Ph thuc vo tc chuyn mch ca Q1, c th c cc xung nhn
SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-87 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

rng rt nh trn na sng hnh sin ca dng c quan st qua Rs (hnh1b). Nu

c, iu ny c th gy ra mt vn RFI. Nhng vi mt t rt nh (trong khong
ln cn 1,0mF) qua Rs c th kh n d dng.
3.S n nh in p ng Vo Trong B Khuch i Ch Lin Tc
Xt quan h in p ng ra-ng vo ca biu thc (1)
Trong hnh C, Transistor chuyn mch Q1 ang m trong thi k Ton v tt trong
thi k Toff.
B qua st p m trong Q1 v D1. V cun cm L1 c in tr c th b qua nn
in p trung bnh trn n trong mt chu k chuyn mch phi bng zero. V v in
p nh ca L1 l Vin nn in p trung bnh im di ca n trong mt chu k
phi bng Vin. iu ny c ngha l din tch A1 phi bng din tch A2 9hnh(15.6a)
V trong thi gian Toff, nh ca L1 c in th V0 nn:
Vin*T0=(V0-Vin)*Toff
=(V0-Vin)*(T-T0)
Hay

V0 =

Vin
T
1 on
T

By gi trong hnhC, s n nh in p ng ra t c bng cch thay i Ton

ph hp vi biu thc 1 khi Vin thay i. iu ny thc hin vi b bin iu
rng xung (hnh 3a). Nu Vin thay i tm thi th V0 cng vy. Mt phn in p
ca V0 c cm ng bng b khuch i sai s EA v so snh vi in p chun
to ra in p Vea,0. n c so snh vi in p rng ca Vt trong b so snh in
p Vc. Ng ra Vc l sng vung cao i vi thi gian bt u ca xung tam gic n
ngay xung tam gic i ngang qua mc in p sai s ng ra Vea,0. V Q1 c m
b iu khin (TPD) i vi thi gian cao ca ng ra Vc vi TPD l totem pole
driver.
Do nu gim tm thi th V0 v ng vo o n Vea gim. Do V ng ra tng,
xung in pVt i ngang qua ng ra b khuch i sa sai chm hn, thi gian m
v V0 tng ph hp vi biu thc 1. Hin nhin nu Vin tng, Vea,0 gim, Ton gim v
V0 gim.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-88 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Toff
Vo
A2

A2
Vin

A1

A1

Vcollector
0V

Ton

C2
C1
C

B2
B1
B

B2
B1
B

C2
C1
C

I(Q1) tai do
ng ta
i DC

A1
A

I(D1) tai do
ng ta
i DC

Iin tai do
ng ta
i DC

0A

Hnh 4
4.S n nh Ng Ra Trong B n nh Khuch i Ch Lin Tc
B bin i khuch i ch lin tc hot ng mt cch khc iu chnh khi
c s thay i dng ti. T biu thc 1, ch rng V0 v Ton c lp vi dng ti.
Nu dng ti DC tng, hin nhin rng cc dng Transistor v dng diot ng ra phi
thay i mc d thi gian m khng i.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-89 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Mch p ng s thay i dng ti trong cch sau y. Trc khi dng ti tng, gi
s dng Q1 l ABCD hnh 4 . By gi dng ti tng nh, trong trng thi n nh,
dng Q1s dch chuyn ln AB1C1D. Nu dng ti thay i ln th dng Q1 s dch
chuyn ln AB2C2D gy ra s thay i ny, Ton thay i trong mt vi chu k
chuyn mch nhng tr v gi tr ban u ca n trng thi n nh. Dng diod
D1 trang thi n nh i vi ba dng ti khc nhau ny c trnh by trong hnh
4c . Dng ti ng ra l tng ca IQ1 v dng gn sng nh-nh ca n Ior c th nh
nh yu cu bng cch tng L1.
Gi tr tng ca dng sng rng ca trong hmh 4b v c i vi ti DC tng, xy ra
trong nhiu chu k nh sau (hnh 3a). Nu dng ti DC tng,V0 gim mt cch tm
thi. Do Vea in gim,Vea0 tng. Xung tam gicVt qua Vea0 chm hn v Ton tng.
By gi dng IQ1 tng n mt gi tr cao hn trong mt thi gian di hn. Khi Id
bt u chm hn t gi tr cao hn v vi thi gian tt ngn hn, v c mt gi tr
cao hn lc kt thc thi gian tt. Do dng It lc bt u m tip ln hn.
iu ny tin hnh trong nhiu chu k vi dng trung bnh tm ca IQ1, Id tng
nh hnh 15.5c v d n khi chng bng dng ti DC tng, thi gian Ton v Toff
gim chm xung gi tr ban u ca chng nh trong biu thc 1. Do i vi s
thay i dng ti DC, Ton v Toff thay i tm thi nhng gim chm v gi tr ban
u ca chng.
Do xt v nh tnh, c th thy rng di thong ca b khuch i sa sai in p
ng ra phi khng c qu ln. Nu n ln, n s p ng rt nhanh v khng cho
php dch chuyn qu ti mt thi gian t gi tr bnh thng in p ng ra c
nh. in p ng ra phi c cho php dch chuyn t gi tr c iu khin
bi in p ng vo trong mt thi gian y i vi dng in to ra m t
trn xy ra trong nhiu chu k chuyn mch.
Tt c cc chc nngyu cu m t trn c thc hin vi chip c sn mch
IC iu chnh h s cng sut t cc nh sn sut. Cc chc nng m chip ny thc
hin l hu nh in p v dng in cm ng b khuch i sa sai, trn vi tn
hiu sai s v s pht ra ca xung iu khin m Transistor khuch i iu khin
rng.
5.Chip IC Cho S iu Khin H S Cng Sut.
Nhiu nh sn sut chnh c sn chip IC thc hin tt c cc chc nng yu cu
cho s iu chnh h s cng sut. Tt c chng s dng s khi ging nhau da
trn b n nh khuch i ch lin tc v mt s cm ng v iu khin
in p ng ra DC v dng ng vo bng s iu bin rng ca thi gian m.
Cc chip ny thng s dng rng ri, Unitrode UC 3854 l kiu ca hu ht cc
chip khc v c trnh by chi tit.
5.1Chip iu Khin H S Cng Sut Unitrode UC 3854.
S khi n gin cho thy cc phn t chnh ca chip trong hnh 5. Chc nng
ca cc thnh phn khc ca n nh sau:
Transisor Q1,cun cm L1,diod D1 v t ng ra C0 bao gm trong b bin i
khuch i.
My pht xung in p rng ca, hot ng tn s Fs=1,25 (R14 Ct) iu chnh
tn s chuyn mch.transistor chuyn mch Q1 c m v tt bi cc b iu
khin (TPB) Q2 v Q3 ng ra.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-90 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

Thi gian m bt u khi FF1(Flip-flop 1) c iu chnh bi xung nhn lc bt

u ca mi xung rng ca t b dao ng. Kt thc thi gianmxy ra khi FF1
c iu chnh li bi ng ra b bin iu rng xung (PWM) lc xung rng ca
ng vo khng o i qua mc in p DC ng ra chn s 3 ca b khuch i
dng in tuyn tnh EA2. in p chn 3 l in p c khuch i, khng o
tc thi hon ton khc nhau gia st p trn Rs v s tng in p trn R2.

Hnh 5
B iu bin rng ca thi gian m my bi PWM lm tng in p ng vo
na hnh sin t b chnh lu cu thnh in p ng ra khng i. N cng buc
dng ng vo tr nn hnh sin chnh xc v cng pha in p ng vo.
5.2 To Sng Vo Hnh Sin Vi Chip UC 3854.
Dng ra khi chn s 5 l dng lin tc na hnh sin i qua mc dng m bin
ca n t l thun vi tch s ca in p DC im A v dng in vo chn s 6.
Ng vo chn s 6 l dng na hnh sin chun cng pha vi in p na hnh sin
sau b chnh lu cu. in p chn s 5 l dng lin tc na hnh sin cng pha vi
hnh sin ca in p ng ra b chnh lu cu. Bin ca sng sin t l thun vi
n p ng ra ca b khuch i sa sai EA1. Dng in ng vo c to thnh

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-91 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

hnh sin bng cch st p trn Rs (t phi sang tri hnh 6c) bng s tng in p (t
tri sang phi hnh 6b) trn R2.

(a)
Vin

(b)
V(R2) = Pin 5
voltage from right to left

(c)
V(Rs)
voltage from right to left

(d)
V(R2 - Rs)

0 volts

(e)
voltage pin 3 to ground
Ton , long

Ton , long

Ton , long

Ton , short

Ton , short
Ton , long

Hnh 6
By gi dng qua Rs, tnh trung bnh trong mt chu k chuuyn mch bng vi
dng ng vo tnh trung bnh trong chu k . Bi v dng ng vo bng tng dng
Q1 khi Q1 m v dng D1 khi Q1 tt.
Do khi st p trn Rs c buc bng s tng in p trn R2 th dng ng vo
cng l na hnh sin v cng pha vi dng sng in p sau b chnh lu cu.
N c th thy t hnh 3c, d v e rng v mch khuch i hot ng trong ch
lin tc vi cun cm ln, nn dng gn sng trong mt chu k chuyn mch nh.
Khi st p trn Rs c to bng s tng in p trn R2 trong sut mt na chu k,

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-92 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

v v in p trn R2 l mt na hnh sin nn dng ng vo qua Rs cng na hnh sin

vi mt cht gn sng tn s chuyn mch.
By gi rong sut chu k tn s 50hz, s tng in p trn R2 cao hn mt lng
nh st p trn Rs v st p trn Rs lin tc gi s tng in p chun trrn R2. S
khc nhau ny-in p sai s nht thi- c trnh by trong hnh 6d. N l in p
dng i vi in p t trong c na chu k v c dng sng nh lm nh hnh
6d. N c khuch i bi b khuch i dng khng o EA2 v c dng sng
lm nh hnh 6e.
Trong b so snh PWM, dng sng chn s 3 c so snh vi xung tam gic c
p nh 5V chn s 14. cc im nh X v Y (hnh 6e) xung tam gic qua mc
in p cao hn tr v thi gian m di. nh sng sin (im P), mc in p
thp hn v v th xung tam gic qua in p thp sm hn v thi gian m ngn
hn.
Do trong c na chu k, sng nh chn s 3 sinh ra mt thi gian m cc i.
Thi gian m thay i ny tng dng sng ng vo na hnh sin thnh in p ng
vo DC khng i C0 nh biu thc 1
Thi gian m ny c iu khin bi tn hiu in p sai s chn s 3 trong vi
chu k. Khi dng yu cu bng s thay i in p hnh sin trn R2, do xung
dng dng rng ca qua Rs thay i. iu ny xy ra nh trnh by phn trn
bng cch thay i tm thi in p sai s chn s 5 v chn s 3. Do b so
snh PWM thay i tm thi thi gian m xung dng dng rng ca chy qua Rs
gy ra in p trung bnh trn n bng in p trn R2. V sau vi chu k khi cc
in p ny bng nhau, thi gian m gim tr v gi tr yu cu bi biu thc 1
tng in p ng vo tc thi thnh in p ng ra DC khng i.
5.3 Duy Tr in p Ng Ra Khng i Vi Chip UC 3854.
in p ng ra chn s 5 l tch s ca in p im A ng vo v dng qua im
B ng vo. S n nh chng li s thay i ca V0 nh sau . im A l in p ng
ra ca b khuch i sa sai V0 so snh vi mt phn nh ca V0 vi in p chun
c nh. in p chn s 5 l trnh t ca na sng sin khng mo dng in p
m bin ca n t l thun vi mc DC chn s 7 (ng ra ca khuch i sa
sai EA1-Error Amplifier). Do nu V0 tng, in p chn s 7 gim v bin
ca sng sin chn s 5 nh hn.
By gi s khc nhau in p sai s gia chn s 5 v in p t (hnh 5d) gn
bng in p zero v in p chn s cng tng t. V vy trong b so snh
PWM, xung rng ca i qua in p chn s 3 sm hn, thi gian m trong mi
chu k chuyn mch gim v ph hp vi biu thc 1, V0 tng tr li.
Ng ra chn s 5 bao gm thng tin cn thit gi in p ng ra V0 khng i
va dng ng vo hnh sin.
Dng i vo chn 6 l hnh sin v cng pha vi in p ng vo v tng tr chn
thp v in tr ln R8 c iu khin bi in p hnh sin sau b chnh lu
cu.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-93 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

5.4 Cng Sut Ng Ra Vi Chip UC 3854.

Hnh 7
Hnh 7 l s khi ca b iu khin h s cng sut 15 kW s dung UC 3854.
Cng sut ng ra t c cc i c xc nh bng cch iu chnh nh dng
hnh sin IP1 i qua in tr cm ng Rs. N xc nh dng hiu dng ng vo t
c cc i v cng sut ng ra t c cc i bt k in p hiu dng ng
vo.
Trong hnh 7 ta c:
P0=E*Pin=E*Vrms*Irms=E*Vrms*(0,707*IP1) (2)
Vi E l hiu sut v IP1 l dng chy vo in tr cm ng dng Rs nh ca
sng sin Vrms
u tin IP1 c chn t biu thc 2. Sau Rs c chn gim tn hao nh
nht ti cc i v in p ng vo thp v c st p nh in p ng vo thp
khng nh hn 1V. Do c th ni st p trn Rs l 1V:
Rs =

1
I P1

V chi tit bn trong Ipmd, l dng cc i sn c ng ra MD (chn s 5) c xc

nh bi:
I pmd =

3,75
R14

V Ipmd c th bng 0,5 mA nhng thng chnh 0,25 mA.

By gi tt c cc gi tr tc thi, vng hi tip gi st p trn Rs bng s tng p
in p trn R2 v i vi in p ng vo cc i v cc dng IP1 v Ipmd c:
SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-94 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

I P1 *R s
I pmd

R2 =

i vi P0=15 kw,Vrms=220 V, v hiu sut E=0,89.

15 * 103
= 76,6 A
0,89 * 220

I rms=

V IP1=1,41*76,6=108 A
V i vi st p trn 1V trn Rs :
Rs =

1
= 0,0093
108

Ta li c vi Ipmd=0,25 mA, ta c:
R14 =

3,75
= 15k
0,00025

gim nh nht s tri trong EA2 (hnh 5), R3 c chnh bng R2

5.5 Tn S Chuyn Mch Khuch i Vi Chip UC 3854.
Ngoi vic xc nh dng ra ca MD chn s 5, v chi tit thit k bn trong, R14
cng chnh tn s chuyn mch Boost. Khi R14 c xc nh th tn schuyn
mch boost l :
Fs =

125
R14 * C11

Vi C11 l t ni chn s 14 vi t, Chip UC 3854 c th s dng trn 200Hz

nhng thng c s dng gn 100Hz.
5.6 n nh Vng Hi Tip Vi Chip UC 3854.
C hai vng hi tip, mt vng bn trong di thng cao (EA2) buc dng ng vo
tr nn hnh sin v mt vng bn ngoi di thng thp (EA2) duy tr in p ng ra
khng i.
B EA2 l mt b khuch i tuyn tnh n c mt im khng
1
1
, mt cc Fp =
, v mt cc gc ta
2 * * R 6 * C15
2 * * R 6 * C13
1
.
2 * * R3 * (C13 + C15)

Fz =

B khuch i sa sai in p EA1, ngoi vic duy tr in p ng ra DC khng

i, n cn gim ti thiu s mo dng hi ca dng ng vo 50Hz bi c bng
thng thp v li thp trn sng hi bc 3 ca tn s in p ng vo.
6. Kim Tra Kt Qu Ca Vic S Dng Mch iu Khin h S Cng Sut.
Gi s momen ti gim cn Mm. Lc v momen t l vi bnh phng in
p nn in p nh mc ti ti l :
3
9
U = ( ) 2 * U m = * 220
4
16

V lc ny y ti so vi in p

9
* U m nn trt s nh mc, h s cng sut
16

c tnh nh sau:
Rns=8,77
Xns=1,463
Zns=8,89

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-95 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

9 U m
9 220
*
= 1,016 * *
= 14,14 A
16 Z ns
16 8,89
U m
16
16
16
* I bx = * 8,15 == 14,49 A
I 'bx *
9
9 ( x1 + x2 ) 9
16
16
I 'br * I br = * 0,58 = 1,03
9
9
I "2 *Rns
14,14 * 1,463
I '1x = I 'bx +
= 14,49 +
= 16,78 A
C1 * Z ns
1,016 * 8,89
I ' '2 = C1 *

I '1r = I 'br +

I "2 *Rns
14,14 * 8,77
= 1,03 +
= 14,76 A
C1 * Z ns
1,016 * 8,89

I '1 = I '1r + I '1x = 16,782 + 14,76 2 = 22,35 A

H s cng sut ti :
cos =

I '1r 14,76
=
= 0,66
I '1 22,35

Nu gi nguyn in p th trt t l nghch vi momen nn trt lc ny

bng :
s=(1-3/4)*sm=1/4*0,024=0,006
H s cng sut l:
Xns=1,463
2

C * r '2
1,016 2 * 0,196
R 'ns = C1 * r1 + 1
= 1,016 * 0,33 +
= 34,06
s'
0,006
2

Z 'ns = X 'ns + R 'ns = 1,4632 + 34,062 = 34,09

U m
220
= 1,016 *
= 6,56 A
Z 'ns
34,09
I ' *R '
6,56 * 34,06
I '1r = I br+ 2 ns = 0,58 +
= 7,03 A
C 1*Z 'ns
1,016 * 34,09
I ' * X 'ns
6,56 * 1,463
I '1x = I bx+ 2
= 8,15 +
= 8,43 A
C 1*Z 'ns
1,016 * 34,09

I '2 = C1 *

I '1 = I '1r + I '1x = 7,032 + 8,432 = 10,98 A

cos' =

I '1r
7,03
=
= 0,64
I '1
10,98

Nh vy r rang h s cng sut khi in p gim s tt hn khi khng gim in

t ti nh.
Khi ng c hot ng ti bng 0,375 ln nh mc lc in p nh mc cn
thit p ng cho ng c hot ng y ti l (0,375)2Um
trt lc gim 0,375 ln nh mc tc l trt lc ny bng:
s=(1-0,375)*sm=0,625*0,024=0,015
Theo bng s liu ca c tnh lm vic:
Cos=0,857
By gi ta xt khi ng c hot ng in p U=(0,357)2*Um =0,141*Um

SVTH : Chu Quang t

Trang-96 -

Lun n Tt Nghip

GVHD : Nguyn Cu Tr

U
0,141 * U m
=
= 0,141 * I bx = 0,141 * 8,15 = 1,15 A
x1 + x2
x1+ x2
P
p
I
0,58
I 'br =
=
= br =
= 3,83 A
m * U m * 0,141 0,141 0,141
I "2 = 0,141* I '2 = 0,141* 6,56 = 0,93 A
I " *R '
0,93 * 34,06
I '1r = I 'br + 2 ns = 3,83 +
= 4,74 A
C 1*Z 'ns
1,016 * 34,09
I ' ' * X 'ns
0,93 * 1,463
= 1,15 +
= 1,19 A
I '1x = I 'bx + 2
C 1*Z 'ns
1,016 * 34,09
I 'bx =

I1 = I '1r + I '1x = 4,742 + 1,192 = 4,89 A

cos' =

I '1r 4,74
=
= 0,97
I '1
4,89

T cc kt qu trn r rng khi c mch iu khin th h s cng sut ca ng c

c ci thin nhiu hn.
D nhin hiu sut ca ng c cng c ci thin theo.

SVTH : Chu Quang t

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