87

YNSHX@L]NNNNHGMGV N9aGNVN8 FXNGMPOLM

ND>N@
SNIQISI\>NGMYNOXLMM>NVD$LN HVDW\@UT\OK@[8N@LTL
YNIQ0N\VD$
[ V S  HTXV  S6R  [NVQNRIM  OM/RIU$
XH=QV IO8NT GNRVIM W\VI/HXa OIuNIND GT$$
XH/UV OMZQVIR RI
N%UXV
NT+NV$
F]NIQOG\6QV=R6B=INI+NXN=MQNIQI+N$$
RD RNN XH$$ G\
NHTQ]N IQ>NNGM W\OV ONH[]KGN RD
YLXNODL]NV^NNGMVD$

-KOKUNMNHNS= X Ha

F6%K JTE= SNM +NTWNRN\K GH\OV XV  !\G MJV J6D@ NNV0

N RN=GK
YR/)NNRN\K@OTRN=GV IGMK9GT0\NVDOV T'U$$$$LKUN(FMYNVV@
OLN=GNMRVNKHVD R6W8UKHN\NLJXV@[0 LMOV PUMGM+NTWNYNVDOV
MNINGNWKOV IH\GM ST(FX GMUK@ MNNNOV FNV\K$$ $$ UT\OKWK
FNV\KD JVG\NRUKGKLT KH6DUTHLML]O8XJZy@UT(JNMK+NI'UXVHT!GNV
Y58UR
NHVD GMI\NJ6 YN6M@JV +NNIHXKUTHXV \NVGHVD HVMKLZWN
S\NXVGVI\VJOR=UNVHT>NR]UIGNJ6$$$$UTHXVIWOHXNVM)NOV
EI8Q]@HXYN6MFTIOV JR]UIGNJ6@RJUT(JNMNHXNVM)NLZN=JNV
UT(JNMVLIUUTHLMOQNJKYIU
NYXTGZ\MJVD[V@F0NE=GMXV\NG
UT(JNMN ON6+NN; MJV[N$$$$ XNMQWK GJUV J6D@ EO L]GNM GJUK
JIMGK,NMKUT\OKGNV RCN+NNXT XI8QXKMNNNXH/GNMGMGV FNV\KD@JV
QVIR[NVIR8QSMNNMIR8QHVD YJ6UTGK+NI'UJNV$U)NN/UT GJGMJIMGK
IL]NUT\OKWKY8UNN=XJNV[E=@JVH6I)N\MNWUFMNINGNWKYLXV
X[MHVDL]O8XIS5UOV[KD$$$$J-KMNINGNWKGNIRIS SIM J6@
EOGNVWNVHXTEO+NZIHHVD+NI'UOVOTXUNJ6@RJI R[=4\GNVHXOV
+NNV[GMLMH[IUGNVLNUNJ6$$$$

PLNOXN QL=N

1
6 "4"/"


PLNOXN QL=N

U  L LT  LNIQI+N YNRMNLZ W N   JXT H UV  XH$

OT[]KRNXH$+NMUNXH$IR+NKNNNXH$\^HNN
XH$  Ya[QN XH$
N T"XN XH$  WN(FRUV XH$
NC9V XH$W8UNXH$IRWNXH$OTMN9N
XH$MN9R=XNXH$YGNVLNXH$ NH=MNWNXH$
OTH8UNXH$RI
N%NXH$YNVN6XH$OMZQV26
XH$  IHI)N\N6 XH$  GH\N6 XH$
NUNX8QN XH$
 OL5XKGN WXGN XH$  H8QNIG86 XH$  IS GZ9N
XH$OL5XKGNQ
NM)NNXH$HXRVXH$F]NVXH$
[N6MKLUVXH$
I4MR@Y^NU@IU\YN6MLTLNVDGV`NMNOLIMRNM-KMNHWKGN
YNRNJXGMV$
MN(+NNVWQ\NI+NMNHXXD LKUN(FMN\DUD@

NHN

NHNa I`+NTWD L]O8XRQXD -KOKUN

NNVI+NUHa$
GNNHC U ON[MD  IL]  [N6 + N] N = NIQI+N+NN= I RUD @
R8QV  IRNT I
NRNIQOV 2 HIX
ND  +N'UV  9IOIL] Q Ha $ $
YNRNJXHa   YN[31 WNXGKXN)N WNX'N OJ MN"NR$
   [C J NN HH LZ W ND  S RNT L T NIQI+NT = U $$

NXHa   LC)RK+NMRNMNN IQIRW6 ODL]NI)N=UI

S8H@
ODWNU LCI)NRKU\V MIRGT\V HNNHXTNV2$
IX
S]D JUMN^NO LTXM[NQa F]5RHN_D I/)NMND@
GKIU LNLJMND IRNN W[UND UD WNXGK
ND +NWV$$

ODG<LD GTN=Ua
GTN=Ua   IRNT  
-K\^HN+NMU
N T " XJXT H QNNIQOHV U / -KOKUNMNHS8Q] Q V R /
)NNL]N,UNVLSNM6LZWXD GIMV$LCI)N26 XH@RNMN6 XH@
GZHN=XH@GH\NOXNXH@XHNV +N[RUV OG\
NITN
YX8UN$

88

YNOXHa   OT R N= M ISUD  MNH IQ2N/UMNoNNV I +NUHa $

YNOXD IJHNQ5UD [CJNNHINISI UHa$$
-KMNHS8Q]N XH YNOXD OHL=NIH
LN_Ha    EQD  LN_D  HN Q5UD  IQ2D  XMRMNV 5 UH$
  OKQ WNXGKXN)N [C J NN OD H T > NNV  +NR$$
Y"= H a   IQ2N6  NINMONV L V U D  IQ2ON6 M +NOD  T U Ha $
  UT \ OKLT  LQ+NN=  a  H"= D  HV  L] I U[C UNHa $ $
YNSHXHa  OT [ 8NRNIOUD  IQ2D  IXH= \ D  OMZ Q GHa $
  [C J NNNSHXD  XN)N WNX'N OJ MN"NR$$
HNT L G= H a  XHNV  MNHN +NQ] N  U55R.NX/RILNV $
  HNT L G= D  [C J NNV H D  WNXGKLUV  XH$$
L SNHC
SNHCU/XNXHa  L SNHC
SNHCUD HNXKUD LNVQIN"NCUD HNT$
  TUD
NG=MN QVR [CJNN W[UKLUV$$

NT  NV Q G/XNXHa  IQ2UK)NN= U6 / UNV  6 / ORN6 =  NINOHI8RU6  $

  /XNLN(JD +N'5N [CUND WNXGKLUV$$
R/ Ha   O8U,UGN
SXL] > D  LKUN(FMIHQD  JMV $
O8U,UGNSXL]
OD [ C J NN W[8XN)N MNHS8Q]  XHNV /UT U V $ $
.NV L RKUHa  .NV L RKUD  ON6 R N= D  HN Q5UD  M"NZ 5 UH$
[CJNN OTHT>NNV+NZ5RN L]OKQ GNNIXNV$$
YN+NZ  NNHa  IGMK9D GT0\D JNMD G
GNNa
NNa[QXZLTMHa$
XNXNM5XHD 5Ra[V +NZNND L]IU[CUNHa$$
[8N
[8N   NNXLT  LONMNa   OR= H \GH= I N$
 L][CUND QKXF8NNV [8NNVD HH\L]
\ L]Q $$
S8QXHa    H\NS\O(+NZ U D 
NKUHNX8QRN= X Ha $
   GN
HKM"NXONMNaD S8QXD L]IU[CUNHa$$
P5UMKR/ Ha   XH -KMNHS8Q]N XHNV HH\HZ
\HZU=V$
P5UMKIHQD R/ D [CJNN GNNIXNV$$
WMKODTUNIX S$
UT\OKQ\Ha GNVH\NIX OT[8NKIX HHWMKOD
UT\/N OTQ\N8VR [CJNN M"NTR<\+N$$

PLNOXN QL=N

89

1
6 "4"/"


PLNOXN QL=N

LTLHN\N
LHN\N   ON6M+NNIN OTHN<NIX OTLTLMISUNIX S$
XNXNIRNNIX LTLNIN [CUND WNXGKLUV$$
QZRN=aGTMNIN
NIN  QZRN=Q\OHNT'UD L D LTLD OJNaGTMHa$
RD IU\D HJN+NN[ [CUND OKUN OJ$$
NZLHa
RX/LIUMONV 5 L8XD  OT [ 8NNa  D  HXNV J MHa $
NZLD [CJNN QVRV
N WNX'N OJ MN"NR$$
QKLHa     "NC U RIU= O HNT ' UD  GLZ = M NIQOHI8RUHa $
QKLD [CJNN QVRV
N HH IOIL]QNV +NR$$
X6RV_Ha
LZ L HNV Q GOD  NRL L'RNIQGD  RMHa $
IXIH=UD FJT OD/GNM6X6=RV_Ha L]IU[CUNHa$$

NKU\D /RNQT
NTD SLMD UCI,UGMD W\Ha$
W\Ha
OH/UQV R QV R V
N L] K 5)N= D  L] I U[C UNHa $ $
YNSHXHa ORN6 =  NINMONV L V U D  ON6 M +ND  OMZ W \Ha $
YNSHXD S HN Q5UD [CJNN GNNIXNV$$
4\Ha
EQD 4\D HN QVR /)NNILUD LTMU/UR$
UVX HV O4\NRNI,U+N=RV7W8HIX W8HIX$$
UN(FZ\Ha UN(FZ \ D  LZ [ OD  T ' UD  SZ  N= > NIQMOD  T U Ha $
\R
\RNIQT
NIQTUD IQ2D MN"NR L]IU[CUNHa$$
WXV HJN+NN[ MNH+NI'UHJNVQNV$
JXTHUV  L]ONQNL=NHa   YN
YNWXV
ONQD MNHS8Q]/ OD[CJNN L]OKQHV$$
XKMNWXHa  GLZ = M RIU= O D  T ' UD  [NV " NC U V X  OT L Z I MUHa $
XKMNWXD  [C J NNV Q D  LN +NR5O\$$
WI\D L]+NNV$
LTLN
WI\ HINON6RN=HN<6
S T'UD LTLN
LNWI\
LNWI\D
[C J NN WNXGKXN)N LN +N'UR5O\$$
OQI^NND  -K4\Ha  -K4\D /RNQT IQ2D S OTNNINGUMD IL]Ha$
OQI^NND  [C J NNV Q D  L]  NUNIU= J M L] + NNV $ $
L]QI^NNN  NIX GNIX S LNLNIX W8HN8UMUNIX S$
UNIX ORN= I N X
8UT  L] Q I^NNLQV  LQV $ $

90

91

QKL LZWXHa
QKLL]7RI\UGMGVW\@Y^NU@LTL@[8N@S8QXNIQOVPOGN
LZWXGMVD$
 YI;X7NV=IU 7NVIUMI;X /RNJN
OZ NV =  7NV I U7NV = I U OZ =   /RNJN
YI;XR= S N= V  7NV I UR= 3 S=   /RNJN
OZ NV = R SNV =  7NV I UR= 3 S=   /RNJN
7NVIUOZ=OZNV= 7NVIU/RNJN$$
IRIXNV [ 
QNIJXVJN)NHVD W\\VGMIRIXNV[H8 LGMW\+NZIHLM1NV0 QV$D
Y8RI;XIM5/ LT M NV  NN BIN I 9T L a 1 8QNV I;XQV = R UN
Y;8NXXV  IRIXNV [ $

-KMNHJRXIRIN

$$-KOKUNMNHNL=NH/UT$$

OHL=NHa YNRNJXD
YNRNJXD XWNXNIHXWNXNIHIROW=XHa$
LZWND S6R X WNXNIH 5RD [IU LMHV
RM$$
MNHN MNH+NQ] N  MNHS8Q] N  RV  NOV $
M"NTXN)NN XN)NN OKUNN LUV XH$$
Y8)NN
NMND XNI/U 5RHVR
NMND HH$
U/HN5GN +NNRV X  M^N/R LMHV
RM$$
-KMNHS8Q]SMNN6
NMND L]L_V$ -KHUV MNHS8Q]N XH$$
OQV R  L8XN URN/HKIU S NSUV $
Y+ND OR=+NZUV+NV QQN(VUQa R]UD HH$$
LNLNXND RN
NT+NNXND RN RNNJN=NND ,\R
,\RHaH$a
GN=D GNHNV=N X GI
SuNLMNIU$$

PLNOXN QL=N

1
6 "4"/"


PLNOXN QL=N

WTRV=Q 

WTRV=Q 

SUT)N= OIHNN /)NNLXGN H8 

LT X /5RNIQ5N Q] N 2ROR OIH8NUN(LT X F] = NNNV
ROTXK)N.6 "NCUVX 5RDUXRD RN=/R O5N
O8UT  WHNX/ GNHN$$ $$

ONHRVQ

UKOMK OIHNN /)NNLXGN H8 

 UD 5RN OIHQaI+NMI
+NMIMNV
MNV "NCUVX RN=NHIO$
RCJ31NVSN IR%a /RNJN$$ $$

QZOMK OIHNN /)NNLXGN H8 

 OIHNNI;XD QTR/U "NCU6FNV=NUNIUI)NHa
YI/HXa J2N WTJNVUX /RNJN$$ $$

WTRV=Q#

NXHa 
JN)NWNV0GMYI;XQVRUNGNNXGMVD

NT  W(FZ X QL] > 

ND > NS[QNNM$

NT ' \N(FMNM -KHNXa  OR= + NZ  NN+NZ I NU$$

-KR5OGN6 / UT + NNV M /GNV  RXHN\NIR+NZ I NU$
LQa H L IR
NN\N^N
SUT F N= J T  QNMNK$$
YI;XL]7R\X RD OIHNN /)NNLX
H8  LUV JT JRX GT0HVD YI;X L]7RI\U GMVD U)NN L])NH
OIHNN/)NNILUGMVD
 LC  9NV I QIR LC  9NV I;X LC I )N22ND L C  9NV I 2R
RNYNV  NNKMNIRRV
N
R6
RNXM OJONLC9NVI;X O XNV IQRN OIMN(LNUT X'UHa$$$$

WTRV=Q$$#$$

YNRNJX
JN)NWNV0GMYI;XQVRGNYNRNJXGMVD$
 Y8RI;XN ONH[] H '>Q8XJNIX,L] ) NHNV  WNURV Q N$
YXZO=/ LT N S M
HK XXT _NRNLCI)NRKYNUU8)N$$

92