Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Editan - Living English (CD Book)
Editan - Living English (CD Book)
Living English
Anne, a wine dealer from Singapore, arrives at Adelaide Airport and meets her local buyer, Sarah.
EPISODE 1
Anne, a wine dealer from Singapore, arrives at Adelaide Airport and
meets
her local buyer, Sarah.
ANNE
Excuse me...
SARAH
Anne Lee?
ANNE
Yes. Hello
SARAH
Dont worry. Marks strong ? Arent you dear?
MARK
No worries.
SARAH
Come on. Lets go to the hotel.
Learn about :
1. Greetings
2. Introductions
3. Simple Sentences
4. Personal Pronouns
5. This and That
6. Adjectives
SARAH
Im Sarah Taylor. Im your new local buyer. Pleased to meet you.
(they shake hands)
ANNE
Its very kind of you to meet me.
SARAH
Oh. Sorry. This is my husband, Mark.
1. GREETINGS
There are many different ways of meeting people.
The most common word is: Hello.
This can be used in any situation.
A more informal word is: Hi!
Only use hi for friends or informal situations.
MARK
Good morning. How are you?
ANNE
Very well thank you.
MARK
How was your flight?
ANNE
Actually, Im a bit tired. It was a very long flight.
SARAH
Lets get your bags.
ANNE
Thats mine there! The red one.
SARAH
Anne Lee?
ANNE
Yes. Hello
We also use:
MARK
Its heavy!
ANNE
Sorry.
MARK
Good morning. How are you?
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
Replies
SARAH
Im Sarah Taylor. Im your new local buyer. Pleased to meet you.
(they shake hands)
Hello Peta.
Hello Trevor.
ANNE
Its very kind of you to meet me.
SARAH
Oh. Sorry. This is my husband, Mark.
3. SIMPLE SENTENCES
English is made up of sentences.
MARK
Good morning. How are you?
ANNE
Very well thank you.
2. INTRODUCTIONS
If the person you meet doesnt know your name, you say it:
Hello, Im......... (your name).
Or
Good morning. My name is......... (your name).
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
SARAH
This is my husband, Mark.
4. PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Personal Pronouns are words which stand for people. Subject
pronouns are the subjects of sentences.
They are:
I
he
she
it
you
we
they
SARAH
This is my husband, Mark.
ANNE
Thats mine there! The red one.
Subject pronouns usually go before verbs.
For example:
I like frogs.
6. ADJECTIVES
Adjectives describe things or people.
Words such as light, heavy and strong are adjectives.
They usually go before nouns, or after verbs.
For example:
Annes bag is heavy.
Its a heavy bag.
my
his
her
its
your
our
their
*********
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
EPISODE 2
ANNE
Maybe later.
CLERK
OK. And how will you be paying Ms Lee?
ANNE
Thanks. Ill be fine. And thank you Mark, for helping with my heavy
bags.
ANNE
Credit card.
CLERK
Thank you. Heres your key. Its room 309. Enjoy your stay Ms Lee.
MARK
Dont mention it.
SARAH
Alright then. Nice to meet you finally. Ill ring you tomorrow.
ANNE
Thank you. I hope I will.
Learn about :
1. Saying Thank You
2. Saying Goodbye
3. The Future Tense
4. Paying
5. Formal Titles
1. SAYING THANK YOU
The most common way of thanking someone is to say:
Thank you
This is said as one word.
ANNE
Nice to meet you too.
SARAH
Goodbye.
CLERK*
Good morning. Would you like to check in?
ANNE
Yes please.
CLERK
And your name?
ANNE
Anne Lee.
CLERK
Ah yes. Could you just fill this out please?
How long will you be staying?
ANNE
Two weeks.
CLERK
Are you here on business?
ANNE
Mainly business.
Thanks. Youre welcome.
CLERK
Will you need a hire car?
ANNE
No thank you.
Thats fine.
Thanks.
No worry.
CLERK
And will you need a map of the city?
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
ANNE
Thank you very much for picking me up.
SARAH
Youre very welcome. Will you be alright here?
ANNE
Thanks. Ill be fine. And thank you Mark for helping with my heavy
bags.
MARK
Dont mention it.
2. SAYING GOODBYE
When we leave someone we usually say:
Goodbye
The word will is used to show that we are talking about the future.
Will is put before the verb.
Or more informally:
Bye
Future Tense:
I will go to the city. (at some later time)
Notice how the word will comes before the verb go.
SARAH
Goodbye.
To make this into a question, change the order of the subject I and
will.
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
CLERK
Will you need a hire car?
CLERK
And how will you be paying Ms Lee?
CLERK
Will you want a newspaper in the morning?
ANNE
Credit card.
In speech, the word will is often contracted.
5. FORMAL TITLES
When we speak to someone formally, especially when we first
meet
them, we usually use their formal title.
I ll go to the city.
SARAH
Will you be alright here?
ANNE
Thanks. Ill be fine.
4. PAYING
When buying something, the clerk, or sales assistant may ask:
How will you be paying?
Or:
How would you like to pay for that?
When you know someone better, or in an informal situation, you
would
use their first name. In Western countries, this is also often called
their
Christian name.
You can say in reply:
So Brenton Whittles first name, or Christian name, is Brenton.
How will you be paying?
Id like to pay by credit card.
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
EPISODE 3
In her hotel room, Anne rings a number.
John Barbour, the private detective, answers the
phone.
JOHN
Hello, Barbours Private Investigation. John Barbour
speaking.
ANNE
Hello. Can you find missing people?
JOHN
Sometimes we can. Have you lost somebody?
ANNE
Yes.
JOHN
Perhaps youd like to tell me about it?
ANNE
Can I make an appointment please?
JOHN
When would you like to come in?
ANNE
Is tomorrow okay?
CLERK
The restaurant opens in an hour, and dinner is served between six and
nine
pm.
ANNE
And breakfast?
CLERK
Breakfast is served between seven and nine thirty am ,maam.
ANNE
Thank you.
CLERK
Youre welcome.
Anne puts the phone down, then notices the photo by her bed and
picks it
up again. There is a tear in her eye.
Learn about :
1. Making An Appointment
2. Can4. The Time
3. Will and ll5. Preposition with Time
1. MAKING AN APPOINTMENT
JOHN
Lets see Yes, I can see you at ten oclock. Will that suit you?
ANNE
Okay, thank you.
23 Mitchell Street is that right?
JOHN
Thats right. Second floor.
ANNE
Okay. See you then. Goodbye.
JOHN
Goodbye.
He puts down the phone and celebrates.
In her hotel room, Anne puts the phone down, and rings again.
ANNE
Can I make an appointment please?
JOHN
When would you like to come in?
JOHN
Lets see Yes, I can see you at ten oclock.
2. CAN
Can means able to.
I can see you = I am able to see you.
To ask a question using can, change the order of I and can.
CLERK
Hello?
ANNE
Hello. Reception? What time is it please?
CLERK
Its five oclock.
Statement
I can see you.
ANNE
And what time do you serve dinner?
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
Question
Can I see you?
Can he see you?
Can we see you?
Can they see you?
ANNE
Can you find missing people?
JOHN
Sometimes we can.
3.WILL AND LL
As weve seen before, the word will is used to show that we are
talking
about the future.
I will see you tomorrow.
For any time we can say a number of minutes past an hour up to halfpast,
or a number of minutes to an hour after half-past.
4:10 = Its ten past four
4:25 = Its twenty-five past four.
4:35 = Its twenty-five to five.
4:50 = Its ten to five.
Or we can just say:
Its four ten; four twenty-five; four thirty-five; or four fifty.
4. THE TIME
For exact hours we say o clock.
4:00 = Its four oclock.
10:00 = Its ten oclock.
We can also just say:
Its ten.
JOHN
Lets see Yes, I can see you at ten oclock.
on = a day or date
Ill see you on Wednesday.
I saw you on the 30th of June.
Episode 1 - 42
CLERK
The restaurant opens in an hour, and dinner is served between six and
nine
pm.
Living English
EPISODE 4
ANNE
Excuse me.
CLERK
The restaurant opens in an hour, and dinner is served between six
and
nine pm.
*********
WOMAN
Yes?
ANNE
Could you tell me how to get to Mitchell Street?
WOMAN
Yes. Youre going the wrong way. You need to go straight along here,
past
the silver balls, turn left, and its the second on the right, opposite the
Town
Hall.
ANNE
Thank you very much.
WOMAN
Youre welcome.
ANNE
Excuse me.
SHOPKEEPER
Yes?
ANNE
Im looking for number 23. Barbours Private
Investigator.
SHOPKEEPER
Over there. Next to the trees.
ANNE
Oh. Thank you.
SHOPKEEPER
Good luck. Youll need it.
ANNE enters the building and goes up the stairs. She knocks at the
door.
JOHN
Come in!
JOHN
(to ANNE) Sorry.
(to phone) Yes, any timeyes usual rates. Must go now. Right.
Goodbye.
Julia. Bye.
He hangs up and leaps to shake ANNEs hand.
10
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
ANNE
Mr Barbour?
WOMAN
You need to go straight along here, past the silver balls, turn left, and
its
the second on the right, opposite the Town Hall.
JOHN
John. Private investigator. You must be Ms Lee. Please sit
down.
She does so, hesitantly.
JOHN
Now - what can I do for you Ms Lee?
ANNE
Could you find him for me?
Learn about:
1. Asking Directions
2. Present Continuous Tense
3. Visiting
4. Directions
1. ASKING DIRECTIONS
First, to get the attention of a person:
Excuse me.
WOMAN
Yes. Youre going the wrong way.
ANNE
Im looking for number 23
ANNE
Excuse me.
3. VISITING
When someone knocks at the door.
Come in!
WOMAN
Yes?
ANNE
Could you tell me how to get to Mitchell Street?
ANNE enters the building and goes up the stairs. She knocks at the
door.
ANNE
Excuse me.
JOHN
Come in!
SHOPKEEPER
Yes?
ANNE
Im looking for number 23.
JOHN
You must be Ms Lee.
Street names and addresses dont have the in front of them.
Could you tell me how to get to Smith Street?
Im looking for 23 Mitchell Street. Can you help me?
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
JOHN
You must be Ms Lee. Please sit down.
11
EPISODE 5
ANNE describes her brother to the private investigator.
JOHN
Now - what can I do for you Ms Lee?
4. DIRECTIONS
ANNE
Can you help me?
JOHN
Well. Ill try. Now tell me about your brother Ms Lee. How old is he?
ANNE
Hes twenty-three.
JOHN
Well that would make him your younger brother. Whats his
name?
Parliament House is opposite Government House.
Adelaide Casino is next to Parliament House.
Adelaide Casino is between Parliament House and Adelaide
Station.
Adelaide Casino is to the left of Parliament House.
Adelaide Casino is to the right of Adelaide Station.
ANNE
David.
JOHN
And what does he do?
ANNE
Hes a student. Or he was a student. I dont know where he is.
WOMAN
JOHN
You need to go straight along here, past the silver balls, turn left, and (looks at the photo)
its
Hmmm. How tall is he?
the second on the right, opposite the Town Hall
ANNE
About a hundred and seventy-five centimetres.
**********
JOHN
Hmmm. And does he speak English?
ANNE
Yes. He speaks English and Chinese. Mr Barbour can you find
him?
JOHN
Ill certainly try. Now, tell me a little about yourself Miss Lee. Where
are
you from?
ANNE
I come from Singapore. Im Singaporean.
JOHN
Right, and how old are you?
ANNE
Im twenty-five.
JOHN
What do you do?
ANNE
I import wine. Im a businesswoman. I work in my familys
business.
12
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
JOHN
And are you married?
ANNE
No, Im single.
JOHN
And..er..do you have a boyfriend?
ANNE
Pardon?
JOHN
Oh sorry. We private detectives are a naturally curious bunch. Ms Lee,Or: Im twenty-one years old.
perhaps youd better tell the whole story.
Or: Im twenty-one years of age.
Or: My age is twenty-one.
ANNE
It all started two years ago...
JOHN
Now tell me about your brother Ms Lee. How old is he?
Learn about :
1. The Nationality4. The Occupation
2. The Age5. Other Question
3. The NumbersAbout a Person
ANNE
Hes twenty-three.
JOHN
Right, and how old are you?
1. ABOUT NATIONALITY
There are different words for countries and nationalities.
ANNE
Im twenty-five.
3. THE NUMBERS
For example:
Im from Australia.(country)
Im Australian.(nationalis)
1 one
3 three
5 five
7 seven
9 nine
11 eleven
13 thirteen
15 fifteen
17 seventeen
19 nineteen
2 two
4 four
6 six
8 eight
10 ten
12 twelve
14 fourteen
16 sixteen
18 eighteen
20 twenty
21 twenty one
22 twenty two
(and so on)
30 thirty
40 forty
50 fifty
60 sixty
70 seventy
80 eighty
90 ninety
100 one hundred
JOHN
Where are you from?
ANNE
I come from Singapore. Im Singaporean.
4. ABOUT OCCUPATION
To ask about someones job we would ask:
What do you do?
We would answer:
Im a teacher.
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
JOHN
What do you do?
ANNE
13
JOHN
And are you married?
Is he a student?
Yes, he is.
Is he a student?
No, he isnt.
But for he or she, we use does before and do after when asking about
jobs.
JOHN
(looks at the photo)
Hmmm. How tall is he?
JOHN
And what does he do?
ANNE
Hes a student.
ANNE
About a hundred and seventy-five centimeters.
**********
JOHN
Hmmm. And does he speak English?
ANNE
Yes. He speaks English and Chinese.
14
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
EPISODE 6
ANNE
My brother, David, worked in the family business too. But he didnt like
it.
He wanted to try something different.
1. THE PAST TENSE
The simple past tense is used to talk about events in the past that
are
finished.
JOHN
So what happened?
ANNE
My parents agreed. They let him come to Australia to study.
I worked in a restaurant last year.
(but I dont work there now)
I did work in a restaurant last year.
(and I dont work there anymore)
JOHN
Where did he go?
ANNE
He came here, to Adelaide. He studied computer science. We thought
he
To talk about things that have not happened in the past we use did
was happy.
not or
didnt.
I didnt work in a restaurant last year.
JOHN
And then what happened?
ANNE
I dont know. He wrote every week, and then the letters stopped.
ANNE
My brother, David, worked in the family business too. But he didnt like
it.
2. REGULAR VERBS
Regular verbs form the past tense by adding ed to the basic form of
the
verb.
JOHN
Do you know where he lived?
ANNE
He stayed with an Australian family. He was a boarder. Heres the
address.
She passes JOHN a piece of paper.
JOHN
Did you phone them?
ANNE
Yes, of course. He left there a year ago. They dont know where he
went.
JOHN
Does he have a mobile phone?
ANNE
I dont know. He did, but he doesnt answer it now.
JOHN
Dont worry Ms Lee. Ill find your brother. Im on the case.
He shakes her hand and she leaves. JOHN looks at the photo. Now
he
looks worried.
Learn about :
1. The Past Tense
2. Regular Verbs
3. Spelling Words Ending in Y
4. Irregular Verbs
5. Questions in the Past Tense
6. Questions using What and Where
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
I worked;
He worked;
We worked;
You worked;
They worked.
There are three ways of pronouncing the ed ending.
d load / loaded
Ill load the shopping in the car. / I loaded the shopping in the car.
ANNE
He wanted to try something different.
15
p sip/ sipped
She sipped her drink.
a stay / stayed
I stayed all day.
k pick/ picked
He picked his nose.
ANNE
My parents agreed.
f laugh/ laughed
They laughed at my jokes.
ANNE
He stayed with an Australian family.
sh fish/ fished
He fished in a boat.
ANNE
My brother, David, worked in the family business
too.
hurry
study
ANNE
I dont know. He wrote every week, and then the letters stopped.
hurried
marry
studied worry
married
worried
stay
stayed delay
delayed
annoy
annoyed enjoy
enjoyed
We use the d pronunciation after the consonant sounds b, g, l, z, v, m,
n, j,
4. IRREGULAR VERBS
th and ng
Many verbs are irregular. They form their past tense in different
ways.
b mob/ mobbed
We just have to learn these. Look at the verb to be.
He was mobbed by fans.
g beg/ begged
I begged for mercy.
l fill/ filled
I filled the tank.
z quiz/ quizzed
The police quizzed him for hours.
v love/ loved
I loved the movie.
m hum/ hummed
We hummed the tune.
n thin/ thinned
I thinned out the weeds
judge/ judged
He judged her harshly
Present isamare
Pastwaswaswere
Present
I am happy.
He is happy.
You are happy.
We are happy.
They are happy.
Past
I was happy.
He was happy.
You were happy.
We were happy.
They were happy.
Other irregular verbs just have past tense forms that dont end with
ed.
Here are some examples from todays episode.
th smooth/ smoothed
She smoothed her dress.
ng clang/ clanged
The bell clanged loudly
JOHN
So what happened?
ANNE
He left there a year ago.
JOHN
Do you know where he lived?
16
ANNE
They dont know where he went.
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
ANNE
Didnt is the contracted form of did not. We usually use did not to add
emphasis.
You can give answers to did questions about the past with the past
tense of
the other verb used in the question.
ANNE
We thought he was happy.
ANNE
He came here, to Adelaide.
Notice that the verb used after did is not in the past tense. The word
did
Well look more at questions like these in later episodes of Living
forms the past tense for the question and the answer.
English.
You can also answer this question by just saying yes, or yes I did.
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
17
EPISODE 7
SARAH invites ANNE to meet her family.
SARAH and ANNE taste a sample of wine.
SARAH
Ill get my brother to pick you up.
ANNE
No thats okay. Ill get a taxi.
ANNE
Mmm. Its very smooth. Good flavour too.
SARAH
Alright then. Thats settled!
Learn about :
1. Going to
SARAH
2. Will
It sells well in restaurants here. I think thesell sell well in Singapore.
3. Suggestions
4. Days
5. Preposition fo time
ANNE
The samples you sent me were very popular with our staff. You seem
to
understand our tastes in Singapore.
SARAH
Thank you. Its my job to know what my clients like.
1. GOING TO
Going to is used for things you intend to do in the future. It is
always
followed by a verb.
Were going to drive to the beach.
SARAH
So, are you enjoying the city?
ANNE
(unconvincingly) Its very nice.
SARAH
What are you going to do tomorrow?
ANNE
I dont know. Ill probably stay in the hotel and relax.
SARAH
What are you going to do tomorrow?
SARAH
Why dont you come to lunch with us at home?
ANNE
Oh thank you, but you have your family.
SARAH
Were going to have roast chicken
SARAH
Great.
2. WILL
Another word we use to talk about actions in the future is will.
ANNE
What time?
ANNE
Okay. Thank you
18
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
I (subject)
will (auxiliary)
see (verb)
you (object)
tomorrow
There is no change with singular or plural subject.
4. DAYS
Today is the day it is now.
Tomorrow is the day after today. If today is April 6, tomorrow is April
7
Yesterday is the day before today. If today is April 6, yesterday is
April
5
SARAH
Ill show you the house.
SARAH
Ill get my brother to pick you up.
Notice that all of the days of the week have a capital letter.
ANNE
No thats okay. Ill get a taxi.
he will - hell
she will - shell
it will - itll
you will - youll
we will - well
they will - theyll
these will - thesell
he will hell
she will shell
it will itll
you will youll
we will well
they will theyll
these will thesell
5. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
on, at, in, this, next
SARAH
It sells well in restaurants here. I think thesell sell well in Singapore.
SARAH
We eat at about one-o-clock.
that will - thatll
Thatll be all.
3. SUGGESTIONS
Sarah says:
Why dont you come to lunch with us at home?
Sarah is inviting Anne to her house for lunch. The phrase Why dont
you is
used to make a suggestion.
Why dont you catch a bus?
Why dont you come with me?
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
For the time just beyond the present week, month or year, we use
next.
Ill see you next week. (the week after the week we are in now)
Well start planning that next month. (said in June to refer to July)
Well do it next year. (said in 2006 to refer to 2007)
19
If we want to say how far in the future the appointment is, we use in.
EPISODE 8
ANNE goes to SARAHs house for lunch.
Ill
Ill
Ill
Ill
see
see
see
see
you
you
you
you
in
in
in
in
ten minutes.
two hours.
a week.
a month.
TAXI-DRIVER*
Here we are.
ANNE
How much is that?
**********
TAXI-DRIVER
Thatll be seventeen-fifty thanks love.
She gives him twenty dollars.
ANNE
Keep the change.
TAXI-DRIVER
Thank you. Have a nice day.
ANNE
Hello. Im Anne.
Louise turns and runs.
LOUISE
Mummy!
SARAH comes to the door.
SARAH
Come in Anne!
ANNE
What a beautiful house!
SARAH
Its been a lot of work, but were getting there. This is the bathroom.
This is
my daughters bedroom. And heres the kitchen.
Louise is in the kitchen helping.
SARAH
Annes here. Youve met my daughter Louise.
ANNE
Hello Louise.
LOUISE
Im helping.
ANNE
Yes, I see
SARAH
And my husband Mark.
20
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
ANNE
Hello again.
Mark pretends to have a pain in the back.
$17.50
We say the number of dollars and then the number of
cents.
Thatll be five dollars and sixty cents.
ANNE
Ooh! Sorry about my heavy bag.
We often say:
Thatll be five dollars sixty.
MARK
Just kidding.
or sometimes just
Thatll be five-sixty.
SARAH
But you havent met my little brother. This is Steve.
STEVE
I was going to pick you up this morning. You wouldnt let me.
TAXI-DRIVER
Thatll be seventeen-fifty thanks love.
The amount of money we pay is called the price.
ANNE
Im sorry. I like to find my own way around.
STEVE
No worries. Maybe another time.
ANNE
Yes, maybe
If you give ten dollars for something that costs eight dollars, the two
dollars you are given back is the change.
SARAH
Come on. Lets go outside.
Learn about :
1. Paying
2. Room
3. Possesive Pronoun
4. Relation and Family
1.PAYING
To ask about what you have to pay:
How much is that?
or
What do I owe you?
2. ROOMS
ANNE
How much is that?
or
TAXI-DRIVER
Thatll be seventeen-fifty thanks love.
I own a car.
Me is the object pronoun.
It is my car.
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
21
It is their car.
The possessive pronoun is theirs.
The car is theirs.
It is his car.
The car is his.
It is her car.
The possessive pronoun is hers.
The car is hers.
It is the pronoun.
It has a tail.
The possessive form is its.
Its tail is long.
The brothers and sisters of your parents are your uncles and your
aunts (or
aunties).
The children of your uncles and aunts are your cousins.
The children of your brothers and sisters are your nephews (boys) or
nieces (girls).
The parents of your parents are your grandparents. They are your
grandfather and your grandmother. Their parents are your great
grandparents.
We own a car.
Us is the object pronoun.
Your
Your
Your
Your
Your
**********
22
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
EPISODE 9
They have lunch and talk about differences.
STEVE
So Anne, have you been to an Australian home before?
ANNE
No, never. Its a beautiful home Sarah. So big! The rooms are much
bigger
than at home. Theres more space here.
STEVE
Ill take you!
There are raised eyebrows at the table.
STEVE
Do you live in a house?
MARK
No Steve she lives in an igloo.
ANNE
Actually, no. We live in an apartment. Most people do. Singapore is
much
busier than Adelaide, and more crowded.
STEVE
Yeah, and more exciting. Its so boring here.
ANNE
Its a beautiful home Sarah. So big! The rooms are much bigger than at
home.
ANNE
I dont think its boring.
MARK
Adelaide is a very beautiful city. Its a better place to live than
anywhere else
Ive been.
big / bigger;
thin / thinner;
fat / fatter
Adjectives which end in y change the y to an i before adding er.
busy / busier;
lucky / luckier
But you havent been anywhere. (to ANNE) Mark hates travelling. I love
it.
For words with three or more syllables, and some words with two
syllables,
add more before the adjective.
MARK
beautiful / more beautiful
I just dont see the point of it.
SARAH
ANNE
What about you Steve? Do you like to travel?
STEVE
Yes. Yeah, Ive been to Kuala Lumpur, and to Bali. Balis great!
LOUISE
Ive been to the zoo!
beautiful/more beautiful
She is more beautiful than her sister.
ANNE
Singapore is much busier than Adelaide, and more
crowded.
Episode 1 - 42
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23
ANNE
The rooms are much bigger than at home.
You can also use dont like and hate with verbs.
I dont like travelling.
I hate running.
MARK
Adelaide is a very beautiful city. Its a better place to live than
anywhere else
Ive been.
3. WOULD LIKE TO
You can use the expression would like (or love) to to talk about
things
you want to do.
I would like to go to Japan.
I would love to see an elephant.
I would
Id
he would hed
she would shed
we would wed
you would youd
they wouldtheyd
To say this more strongly, we can add very much or really.
I like dogs very much.
I really like Josie.
ANNE
Id love to go to the zoo.
**********
This is a very strong statement, and you need to be careful when using
the
word hate in case you offend someone.
24
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Episode 1 - 42
EPISODE 10
SARAH find out ANNEs secret mission.
1. APOLOGISING
When we think we have done something wrong we apologise by
saying
sorry.
Im sorry that we made so much noise last night.
SARAH
Im sorry about my brother.
ANNE
Not at all. You have a lovely family. Everyone seems so happy.
ANNE breaks down in tears. SARAH goes to her, concerned.
ANNE
Hes missing. One reason I came to Australia is to find
him.
SARAH
ANNE
Theres something I havent told you.
SARAH
Im so sorry. Have you had any luck?
SARAH
What is it?
ANNE
When I met your brother, I was thinking about my brother, David.
I
havent seen him in two years.
To reply to someone who has said sorry, we say, Dont mention it,
Not at
all or Thats alright.
ANNE
Hes missing. One reason I came to Australia is to find
him.
SARAH
Im so sorry. Have you had any luck?
ANNE
Not yet. Ive hired a private investigator.
SARAH
Im sorry about my brother.
SARAH
Goodness! Do you think hell find him?
ANNE
Not at all. You have a lovely family.
ANNE
Perhaps. I dont know. Its been a long time since David last
called.
2. SHOWING CONCERN
Here are some of the phrases we use when we want to find
why
someone is upset.
Whats the matter?
Whats wrong?
Whats the problem?
SARAH
What do you thinks happened to him? Have you any
idea?
ANNE
I really dont know. I cant help thinking the worst.
SARAH
Im sure hes alright. If something bad had happened, you would
have
heard.
SARAH
Anne! Whats the matter?
ANNE
I guess so. I suppose youre right.
But ANNE doesnt look convinced.
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25
3. PRESENT PERFECT
past tense.
We use the present perfect tense to describe an action started in theFor example, the past tense of see is saw, but the past participle is
past that is still true.
seen.
She has worked hard. (She has worked hard in the past and works
hard
now)
I have lost my keys. (The keys were lost in the past and are still lost)
I see you. (present)
I saw you yesterday. (past)
Ive seen you many times. (past participle making a present perfect
tense)
Present perfect is made from the verb have and the past
participle of
another verb.
We use have with plural nouns and has with singular nouns.
ANNE
I havent seen him in two years.
ANNE
Theres something I havent told you.
4. PAST PARTICIPLE
The past participle of a verb is the one we use with have / has and
is /
are.
It is usually the same as the regular past tense ending with ed,
such as
worked or started.
I have worked hard.
She has started work.
SARAH
Im sure hes alright. If something bad had happened, you would
have
heard.
ANNE
I guess so. I suppose youre right.
SARAH
Goodness! Do you think hell find him?
ANNE
Perhaps. I dont know.
26
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EPISODE 11
ANNE
Its been a long time since David last called.
SARAH
Can I help you find your brother?
ANNE
Youre very kind. But its not your problem.
SARAH
I want to help. What can I do?
ANNE
Well, maybe you could get some copies made of this
photograph.
She shows SARAH the PHOTOGRAPH of her brother.
**********
SARAH
Sure. Id love to. Anything.
She looks closely at the photograph.
SARAH
Hes very good looking. Such a nice smile. Is he tall?
ANNE
Fairly tall.
SARAH
He looks very fit. Does he play a lot of sport?
ANNE
No, he used to.
SARAH
What does he do? Is he a student?
ANNE
Hes not really academic. Hes clever, but he prefers to do things
with his
hands.
SARAH
He sounds nice. Im looking forward to meeting him.
ANNE smiles at the encouragement.
1. OFFERING HELP
When we offer to help someone we say
Can I help you...?
Can I help you wash the dishes?
Can I help you do the shopping?
Can I help you with anything?
Episode 1 - 42
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27
Its polite to not immediately accept an offer. When someone asks if A clever (adj)
they
idea(noun)
can help, its polite to say:
Youre very kind.
Adjectives dont always come before the noun, or the thing
or
described.
No, theres no need.
They can also come after the noun and a verb, especially the verb
is/are.
The building
is
tall
(noun)
(verb)
(adj)
3. DESCRIBING PEOPLE
When we are describing people or ourselves, we often use a pronoun
(I,
he, she, we they), is/are/am and then the adjective:
I am tall.
She is clever.
SARAH
Can I help you find your brother?
ANNE
Youre very kind. But its not your problem.
SARAH
I want to help. What can I do?
2. ADJECTIVES
Adjectives are used to describe people and things.
Hes tall and handsome.
Its a red ball.
Adjectives are the words that tell you what color something
is:
A red ball.
A green ball.
ANNE
Hes clever, but he prefers to do things with his hands.
Other verbs used before adjectives and after pronouns are look and
sound :
You look wonderful.
You sound tired.
SARAH
He sounds nice.
Questions
When you are asking about someone, you change the word order so
the
pronoun comes after is/are:
He is tall. (statement)
Is he tall? (question)
A beautiful ball.
An ugly ball.
28
SARAH
Hes very good looking. Such a nice smile. Is he tall?
Their hair:
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
EPISODE 12
SARAH
Come in Anne.
ANNE
Good morning!
Their build:
He has a slim build.
Hes slim.
SARAH
Good morning. Are you feeling better today?
Their height:
Hes tall.
ANNE
Yes thank you.
SARAH
Whats on the agenda?
4. A BIT, VERY, FAIRLY, QUITE
We can modify the meaning of adjectives by using words such as a ANNE
Im thinking about this trip to the wineries. I want to meet your
bit,
main
fairly, very and quite.
suppliers and talk to them about the market.
We can use the adjective hot to describe the temperature
Its hot
SARAH
Great. Theyve been dying to meet you. When do you want to go?
We
Its
Its
Its
ANNE
As soon as possible. How about tomorrow?
SARAH
I cant tomorrow. Ive got some other appointments. What about the
day
after tomorrow?
Fairly hot means hot, but not very hot.
Another word we use to mean the same is quite:
Its quite hot.
Its fairly hot.
ANNE
Yes, thats good. Its Monday today, so that will be Wednesday. What
date
is that?
SARAH
The fifth of November.
SARAH
Is he tall?
ANNE
Okay. What time shall we meet?
ANNE
Fairly tall.
SARAH
Ill pick you up at nine o-clock.
**********
ANNE
Good. How many wineries do you think well be able to see?
SARAH
Im not sure, four or five. Definitely our biggest suppliers, and maybe a
few
surprises.
ANNE
I cant wait. Will it take all day?
Episode 1 - 42
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29
SARAH
Most of the day. Ill start ringing now, and let them know we have a
very
important client all the way from Singapore.
ANNE
Thank you. Im looking forward to it.
The word shall is only used with I and we.
SARAH
Me too
What shall I wear to the party?
Where shall we go?
1. MAKING ARRANGEMENTS
To make plans or arrangements we have to find out the time that is
best by asking:
When do you want to go?
When do you want to meet?
3. ORDINAL NUMBERS
These sorts of numbers tell us the order of things in time.
Monday is the first day of the week.
When asks about the time.
Tuesday is the second.
Want to asks about what the person youre asking hopes to do.
Wednesday is the third.
Often that person will reply:
Thursday is the fourth.
When do you want to meet?
Friday is the fifth.
As soon as possible.
Saturday is the sixth.
This means that they want to go very soon or in the next few days.
Sunday is the seventh.
To work out what day and time is best for both people you need to
make
suggestions. You can say:
When do you want to meet?
As soon as possible. What about tomorrow?
or
When do you want to meet?
As soon as possible. How about tomorrow?
ANNE
As soon as possible. How about tomorrow?
2. SHALL
We use the word shall when making suggestions about the
future.
What time shall we meet?
ANNE
What time shall we meet?
30
All of the adjectival numbers except for first, second and third have a
th on
the end.
For example:
ninth
tenth
eleventh
twelfth
thirteenth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
And so on.
Numbers such as twenty, thirty and forty change their ys to is and add
eth
twenty /twentieth
thirty/ thirtieth
forty/ fortieth
And so on.
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
20th
21st
And so on.
We use in to talk about the amount of time that will pass before
something
happens.
Ill see you in a weeks time.
SARAH
Ill pick you up at nine o-clock.
6. FRACTIONS
Fractions are numbers that are less than one.
Except for a half and a quarter the numbers are the same as the
numbers
we use for dates and the order of things, but we always say an or a or
one
before them:
SARAH
The fifth of November.
5. AT, ON & IN
When we talk about the time, we use the words in, on and at in
different ways.
**********
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31
EPISODE 13
STEVE makes a date with ANNE
STEVE is nervously fiddling with the phone. He starts ringing, then
puts
it down, then rings again.
At the hotel, the CLERK answers the phone.
CLERK
Medina Hotel. Marie speaking. How may I help you?
STEVE
Well I have the day off, and I was just wondering... well I was just
wondering whether you wanted to go to a wildlife park... with me. You
said
youd like to go to the zoo.
ANNE
Thats right, I did. Yes, thankyou Steve, Id love to go.
STEVE
Alright! Ill meet you in the foyer. Ten oclock?
STEVE
Can I speak to Ms Anne Lee, please? Im not sure what room shes
in.
ANNE
Okay, ten. Ill see you then.
STEVE
Great! Goodnight Anne.
CLERK
Ill put you through sir.
ANNE
Hello?
ANNE
Goodnight Steve.
She hangs up, pleased.
1. TELEPHONE REQUESTS
To be able to speak to the person we want on the phone we
sometimes
have to make a request.
STEVE
Hello. Anne? This is Steve Parker.
ANNE
(puzzled)
Steve Parker?
STEVE
Steve... Sarahs brother. We met...
ANNE
(surprised, but pleased)
Oh, Steve! Hello Steve.
If you want to be less formal, you can say talk to instead of speak to.
Can I talk to the manager please?
ANNE
Oh, working. Im planning a trip to the wineries later in the week.
STEVE
Oh. When are you going?
ANNE
Ah,Wednesday.
STEVE
Oh, good. What are you doing tomorrow?
STEVE
Can I speak to Ms. Anne Lee, please?
ANNE
Nothing. Why?
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Living English
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CLERK
Medina Hotel. Marie speaking. How may I help you?
4. MAKING A DATE
These are some common things we say when making a
date.
We start by asking:
What are you doing tomorrow?
STEVE
What are you doing tomorrow?
If the person you are asking isnt doing anything at that time you can
say:
Id like to go to a movie with you.
3. TELEPHONE NUMBERS
We can use the words double and triple when telling someone a
phone
number.
For example, this number 8366279 is said like this:
Eight, three, double six, two, seven, nine.
or
or
or
When there are two numbers together (8366279) we say double. In
this
case, double six.
When there are three numbers together we can say triple 8377742.
Eight, three, triple seven, four, two.
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
STEVE
Well I have the day off, and I was just wondering well I was just
wondering whether you wanted to go to a wildlife park with me.
33
5. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
The -ing form of verbs is used for talking about things happening
now
and for a short time into the future.
Im writing my assignment today.
EPISODE 14
ANNE and STEVE go to a Wildlife Park
ANNE and STEVE are buying tickets. STEVE pays for the tickets and
gives her one.
STEVE
Two, please. And a bag of food.
SHOP ASSISTANT
There are your tickets. Have a nice day
Hes working hard. (he works hard now and will for a short time in
the
future)
ANNE
How much do I owe you?
Shes driving fast. (she drives fast now and keeps driving fast)
STEVE
Thats okay. Its my treat.
Its raining outside. (rain is falling and will keep falling for a while)
ANNE
Thank you. Ill buy lunch. Is there somewhere to have lunch?
STEVE
Hi. What are you doing?
STEVE
Of course. Theres a caf just over there. What do you want to do
first?
ANNE
Oh, working. Im planning a trip to the wineries later in the week.
ANNE
I really want to hold a koala. Is there a koala here?
All these (write, work, drive, rain) are action verbs. They are things we
do.
STEVE
Only these sorts of verbs have present continuous tenses.
Some verbs, such as understand and know are not used with the Yes! Its the most popular animal! We might have to queue
though.
-ing
form of the present continuous.
ANNE
I dont mind. What else is there? Are there some kangaroos?
We say :
I understand you
not
Im understanding you.
STEVE
Of course. There are lots.
ANNE
And birds? Ive heard Australian birds are amazing.
STEVE
Dont worry. Youll get to see lots of birds.
And
I know
not
Im knowing.
ANNE
What shall we do first?
STEVE
Well, the kangaroos are just over there. And I think the birds are next,
and
next
ANNE
well cuddle a koala!
**********
STEVE
Sure! And after that?
34
Living English
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ANNE
After that, Ill buy you lunch.
STEVE
Its a deal!
They head off into the park.
We use a when saying general things about something.
He is a man
My cat is a Siamese.
1. THE & A
We call the words a and the articles.
We use a and the before nouns.
Here is the car.
Here is a car.
2. A & AN
We use an instead of a before words that start with a vowel
sound.
These are the short vowel sounds.
We use them before adjectives and nouns.
Here is the blue car.
Here is a blue car.
the
We use the if there is more than one thing.
Look at the cars.
STEVE
Well, the kangaroos are just over there.
We use the for definite things. Some things are always definite.
the Sydney Opera House
the Yangtze River
a
an apple
e
an egg
i
an igloo
o
an ostrich
u
an umbrella
These are the long vowel sounds.
A
an alien
E
an eagle
I
an island
O
an opal
U is a consonant sound.
a university
a European
And note:
an apple
But
a red apple
We pronounce a with a long vowel sound when we want to emphasise
something.
This is a fantastic website.
a
We can only use a for singular things.
Here is a car.
pronouncing the
STEVE
Two, please. And a bag of food.
ANNE
I really want to hold a koala. Is there a koala here?
Episode 1 - 42
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35
EPISODE 15
the
the
the
the
the
ANNE
Look at this big grey one
STEVE
Hes massive. He has very, very strong arms and legs.
university
government
police
television
show
ANNE
And a big strong tail.
STEVE
Yeah. And ears. Very big ears
ANNE
His fur looks very soft.
STEVE
It feels soft on my hand
ANNE
Its got beautiful big brown eyes.
They walk around.
ANNE
Is there somewhere to have lunch?
We use are there for asking about more then one thing.
Are there tigers here?
Are there enough cars to take us all?
ANNE
Oh, look at that little black and white one.
STEVE
Oh yeah. I think thats a willy wagtail. Theyre very fast and they
move
around a lot.
ANNE
Its cute. Its got such a long tail. Oh, look at that bird!
ANNE
Are there some kangaroos?
STEVE
Oh, thats a kingfisher
4. SEQUENCE WORDS
These are some words we use for the order in which we do
things.
We start with first.
ANNE
Oh, we have them in Singapore
STEVE
Really?
And then we can use words such as ;
ANNE
Hmm. Look at its beautiful blue back.
next
then
after
followed by
STEVE
Very colourful, isnt it? Theres lots in Australia. Big ones and small
ones.
We have a very big one called a kookaburra. It has a very interesting
laugh.
ANNE
Hes so soft and cuddly.
**********
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Living English
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STEVE
Yeah, like me!
very
We use very with adjectives to mean more than or extremely.
very bigsangat besar
STEVE
Theyve actually also got really sharp claws.
See?
ANNE
Hes so cute! Can I take him home?
STEVE
I dont think theyd be very happy about that.
You can say very very twice to mean much more than
Very, very big
STEVE
He has very, very strong arms and legs.
Notice that we use a comma when writing very twice.
STEVE
Oh, look at that one. Whats the matter?
ANNE
Nothing Im just feeling a bit homesick.
STEVE
Come on, lets go and get something to eat
1. DESCRIBING THINGS
We describe things with words called adjectives.
a small frog
a green frog
STEVE
Yeah. And ears. Very big ears.
ANNE
His fur looks very soft.
STEVE
I think thats a willy wagtail. Theyre very fast and they move around a
lot.
We often use more than one adjective at a time.
a small green frog
ANNE
And a big strong tail .
STEVE
Very colourful, isnt it? Theres lots in Australia. Big ones and small
ones.
We have a very big one called a kookaburra. It has a very interesting
laugh.
So & Such
You can use so instead of very to mean the same thing.
If we want to say what type something is, we say it after size and
colour.
ANNE
Hes so soft and cuddly.
ANNE
Hes so cute!
ANNE
Its got beautiful big eyes.
Episode 1 - 42
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37
ANNE
Its cute. Its got such a long tail.
ANNE
Its cute. Its got such a long tail.
EPISODE 16
Anne and Steve have lunch.
ANNE and STEVE are at the counter getting some food.
The ASSISTANT is waiting for their order.
ASSISTANT
What would you like?
STEVE
Anne?
ANNE
UmmmIll have a cheese and salad sandwich and a cappuccino
thanks.
STEVE
Do you have wine?
ANNE
Oh, look at that little black and white one.
ASSISTANT
No sir. We dont serve alcohol. We have coffee, tea, soft drinks and
juices.
STEVE
Okay. Id like a orange juice and a pie with chips. Do you have
sauce?
ASSISTANT
Just help yourself. And Ill bring the food when its ready.
STEVE
Very colourful, isnt it? Theres lots in Australia. Big ones and small
ones.
STEVE
Thank you.
For things that cant be counted, such as milk, we use some or any.
Do we have milk?
Yes, we have some.
or
Do we have milk?
No, we dont have any.
ANNE
Is that good?
STEVE
Its delicious. You should try one. Its real Aussie food.
ANNE
Maybe one day. I dont eat a lot of meat.
.
STEVE
Hows your coffee?
ANNE
Its very good. Dont you drink coffee?
**********
STEVE
Sometimes. I prefer tea. Or juice. So, was the koala the best?
ANNE
Oh, definitely. The kangaroos were interesting too. Ive never seen real
ones
before. And the birds are wonderful. I think I liked the birds the most.
Theyre so colourful, and so many different kinds. What about you?
What
did you like best?
38
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
STEVE
Just being here.
He gives her a longing look.
1. ORDERING FOOD
Here are some ways to ask for food at a cafe.
Ill have a sandwich thanks.
ANNE
UmmmIll have a cheese and salad sandwich and a cappuccino
thanks.
You can say please instead of thanks.
Ill have a sandwich please.
STEVE
Do you have wine?
ASSISTANT
Just help yourself.
2. MEALS
In the story Steve and Anne were having lunch.
Lunch is the meal we have in the middle of the day.
Breakfast is the first meal of the day.
The meal at the end of the day is called dinner.
Dinner is the main meal.
Episode 1 - 42
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39
4. PREFERENCES
EPISODE 17
We use the word prefer to say that you like something more than
something else.
ANNE and STEVE talk about their different lives.
I prefer tea to coffee.
This means that I like tea more than coffee.
Another way of saying this would be:
STEVE
I like tea more than coffee.
Tell me about your life in Singapore. What do you do every day?
or
I like tea better than coffee.
ANNE
Well, I work in my fathers business, importing wines. I live with my
family.
STEVE
How do you get to work? Do you catch a bus?
ANNE
Dont you drink coffee?
ANNE
Usually. Sometimes I go with my father in his car. What about you?
What
do you do?
STEVE
Sometimes. I prefer tea.
STEVE
Im a builder. I build houses.
ANNE
And how do you get to work?
**********
STEVE
I drive. I have to use my car for work. I never go by bus.
ANNE
Do you enjoy it? Your work?
STEVE
Mostly. Its not easy, being a builder. But its outside. I prefer to
work
outside.
ANNE
I never work outside. Occasionally I travel though like now.
STEVE
And what do you do on the weekend?
ANNE
Sometimes I go shopping. Sometimes I go out.
STEVE
Where do you go? Nightclubs?
ANNE
Not really. Occasionally.
STEVE
Who do you go with?
ANNE
A bunch of friends.
STEVE
Boy friend?
40
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
ANNE
Not at the moment.
STEVE cheers up.
2. GETTING TO WORK
Here are some ways to answer the question
How do you get to work?
I catch a bus.
or I take a bus.
or I go by bus
ANNE
And how do you get to work?
STEVE
I drive. I have to use my car for work. I never go by bus.
ANNE
What do you do?
For most types of transport we say by
I go by car.
I go by train.
I go by bus.
But we say.
I go on foot.
STEVE
Im a builder. I build houses.
3. HOW OFTEN
Here are some words we use to tell people how often or how
frequently
we do things.
How often do you go to the cinema?
occasionally
I manage a hotel.
Im a hotel manager.
ANNE
Not really. Occasionally.
STEVE
And what do you do on the weekend?
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41
EPISODE 18
ANNE
Sometimes I go shopping.
STEVE
Did you have a good day?
ANNE
I never work outside.
ANNE
Very much. Thankyou for taking me. How about you?
STEVE
Of course.
4. POSSESSIVE APOSTROPHE
We add s to nouns to make them plural.
one lion
two lions
ANNE
Not too boring? You must have been there a hundred
times.
STEVE
Not since I was a kid. It was great.
ANNE
Hmmm. Do you like Chinese food?
But sometimes we add s for a single thing that owns something:
ANNE
Well, I work in my fathers business, importing wines.
STEVE
I love Chinese food.
ANNE
Im going to cook a Chinese meal for you and your family.
STEVE
Really! Thatll be great. When?
ANNE
Friday?
STEVE
Fantastic. Ill see you then.
ANNE
Yes, bye.
STEVE
Bye.
**********
STEVE goes, pleased with his day. ANNE goes to collect her key from
the
CLERK, who doesnt notice her. She coughs.
ANNE
Excuse me.
CLERK
Im sorry Ms Lee. I didnt see you.
ANNE
Could I have my key please?
CLERK
Certainly. Here you are. Oh, and theres a message for
you.
42
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
ANNE opens the message and reads it. Its from JOHN the private
investigator.
JOHNS NOTE
Dear Ms Lee
Please call my office. I have some news for you.
John Barbour
Private Investigator.
1. LETTER WRITING
Formal letters to people you havent met begin with Dear
Dear .........
It is the custom to write Yours faithfully if you dont know who you
are
writing to.
Use the formal title of the person you are writing to.
When you finish the letter you write Yours sincerely and your name,
like
this:
Dear Mr Whittle,
Please consider me for an interview.
I have excellent qualifications.
Yours sincerely,
Anne Lee
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
We also use pardon and sorry if we havent heard what someone has
said and
want them to say it again.
Listen to the difference.
pardon?
sorry?
If you dont know the person very well use the more formal:
I beg your pardon?
43
3. GOING TO / GONNA
We say going to tell people what we will do in the future.
Im going to study next year.
People say this quickly so it sounds like gunna:
Im gunna study next year.
EPISODE 19
John tells Anne of his progress in finding her brother.
ANNE
Have you found my brother?
JOHN
Not yet. No. Not quite.
ANNE
Im going to cook a Chinese meal for you and your family.
JOHN
But I have found something.
ANNE
What is it?
ANNE
You must have been there a hundred times.
STEVE
Not since I was a kid. It was great.
JOHN
I went to the University. You said he was a student. I spoke to his
professor,
the head of the course he studied.
ANNE
And what did he say? Does he know what happened?
JOHN
Well, no. Not exactly. He didnt know where your brother went. But he
told me David had left the university. He stopped going to lectures.
Older children from thirteen years old to nineteen years old are called ANNE
teenagers.
When did he stop?
Teenagers are very demanding.
JOHN
Oh, about a year ago. He didnt tell anyone. But he left a letter with
the
Professor.
ANNE
A letter! Have you got it? Where is it?
**********
JOHN
The professor has it. He wouldnt give it to me because it was
addressed to
you. He left ah, his card.
ANNE
Ill go and see him. Thank you.
JOHN
I found out something else.
.
ANNE
Yes?
JOHN
Your brother had a girlfriend.
ANNE
Really! He didnt tell me. Who is she?
JOHN
44
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
Well, I dont know yet, but Im sure I can find her. Were closing in Ms k pick / picked (pikt)
Lee.
He picked his nose.
Fear not.
f laugh / laughed (laft)
They laughed at my jokes.
ANNE
Thank you
1. PAST TENSE
The past tense is used to talk about events in the past that have
finished.
We add ed to verbs to show this.
I study at the University. (present)
I studied at the University. (past)
This means I do not study at the University any more.
JOHN
He stopped going to lectures.
ANNE
Does he know what happened?
2. PRONOUNCING -ed
The ed on the end of verbs is usually a short sound pronounced d orj judge/ judged (jujd)
t.
He judged her harshly.
But when ed is added to words with a d or t sound on the end we
pronounce it ed
th smooth / smoothed (smoothd)
She smoothed her dress.
t
Ill pot the plants. (present)
I potted the plants. (past)
d
Ill load the shopping in the car. (present)
I loaded the shopping in the car. (past)
I fry / fried
I fried an egg.
JOHN
I spoke to his professor, the head of the course he studied.
Ed is pronounced t when the word ends with these consonant sounds.
3. IRREGULAR VERBS
Irregular verbs do not have ed added to form the past tense.
For example, the past tense of teach is taught.
I teach English. (present)
I taught English. (past)
JOHN
He stopped going to lectures.
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
45
JOHN
I found out something else.
JOHN
He didnt tell anyone.
The past tense of speak is spoke:
JOHN
I spoke to his professor...
JOHN
But he told me David had left the University.
JOHN
But he told me David had left the University.
Two important verbs have very different past tenses.
ANNE
Really! He didnt tell me.
JOHN
I went to the University.
The past tense of is is was or were.
He is late.
He was late.
They were late.
ANNE
When did he stop?
The word did is used to ask about the past with the verb say.
But we dont use the past tense of say with did.
We dont say:
What did he said? X
We say
What did he say?
5. CONTRACTIONS
Contractions are two words that are said together very quickly.
did not becomes didnt
did not
didnt
ANNE
And what did he say?
46
JOHN
Well, I dont know yet...
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
EPISODE 20
will not
wont
JOHN
He wouldnt give it to me because it was addressed to you.
ELDERLY LADY
Hello dear. How are you?
Ill
I will
ANNE
Very well thank you.
ANNE
Ill go and see him.
ELDERLY LADY
Are you sure? Is anything wrong?
Im
I am
ANNE
No, Im fine.
JOHN
Well, I dont know yet, but Im sure I can find her.
ELDERLY LADY
I watched you walking. You walk sadly. Im old. I walk slowly. But
you
walk sadly.
were
we are
ANNE
Well I do have a problem.
JOHN
Were closing in Ms Lee.
ELDERLY LADY
Not too serious I hope?
**********
ANNE
I dont know. I hope not.
ELDERLY LADY
Worrying doesnt help, my dear. Think positively. It helps. Do
something, take action. Youll be alright.
ANNE
I hope so. Thank you.
ELDERLY LADY
Where are you from dear?
ANNE
Singapore.
ELDERLY LADY
You speak English very well.
ANNE
Thank you. Sometimes when people speak very quickly I cant
understand.
ELDERLY LADY
Dont worry. I speak slowly.
A bus is coming. The elderly lady squints at it.
ELDERLY LADY
And I see badly these days. What number bus is that, dear?
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
47
ANNE
Its one ninety.
ELDERLY LADY
At last. It was nice talking to you.
ELDERLY LADY
Worrying doesnt help, my dear. Think positively. It helps. Do
something,
take action. Youll be alright.
ANNE
You too.
I feel good.
They might reply.
or
Im fine.
or
Im alright.
or
Im OK.
Im good.
or
or
I feel fine.
Im fine.
Listen again
Are you alright?
Im fine.
Are you sure? Is anything wrong?
Well, I do have a problem.
or
Very well, thanks
ANNE
Very well thank you.
ANNE
Very well thankyou.
Not so well.
or
Not too good.
ELDERLY LADY
Are you sure? Is anything wrong?
ANNE
No, Im fine.
ELDERLY LADY
I watched you walking. You walk sadly. Im old. I walk slowly. But you
walk
sadly.
Once you know what the problem is, you can offer advice.
3. HOPE NOT
We say not after hope instead of saying dont (do not) before it.
I hope not.
not
I dont hope. X
48
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
ANNE
I hope not.
or
I speak English fairly well.
not good:
or
I speak English poorly.
or
I speak English very poorly.
ANNE
Sometimes when people speak very quickly I cant understand.
ELDERLY LADY
Dont worry. I speak slowly.
**********
ELDERLY LADY
You speak English very well.
how
They live separately.
when
Ill finish this soon.
where
He walked downstairs.
We use them to say how good or bad you are at doing something.
You can say that you are very good at something like this:
good:
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
49
EPISODE 21
ANNE
Does this bus go to the University?
BUS DRIVER
Yes miss.
ANNE
How often do the buses come?
BUS DRIVER
Every twenty minutes. You wont have to wait long. Its 10.30, the next
ones
at 10.40, and then 11-o-clock.
ANNE
How much is that?
BUS DRIVER
Single or day trip?
ANNE
Sorry?
BUS DRIVER
Are you coming back today?
ANNE
Thanks. Goodbye.
BUS DRIVER
Have a good day.
ANNE
Yes.
BUS DRIVER
How long will you be at the university?
ANNE
Im not sure. An hour perhaps.
BUS DRIVER
A single will do. You can use the same ticket to come back. Thats
three
dollars, please.
ANNE
Does this bus go to the University?
If you are asking at a station or a bus stop for the bus or train you
want,
you say:
Which bus goes to the beach?
BUS DRIVER
Not far. About four kilometres from here.
ANNE
How many stops is it?
BUS DRIVER
About ten.
ANNE
Thankyou.
She moves in and sits down.
The bus stops outside the university.
BUS DRIVER
University! This is your stop miss.
ANNE
Oh, thankyou. Where do I catch the bus to go back?
BUS DRIVER
Just across the street. Over there.
50
BUS DRIVER
Single or day trip?
A single is a one-way ticket. It only takes you to where you are going.
It
doesnt take you back again.
A return ticket takes you to where you want to go and back again to
where
you started.
Some single tickets can be used for a period of time, so you can
ask:
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
BUS DRIVER
Single or day trip?
ANNE
Sorry?
BUS DRIVER
Are you coming back today?
How high is this box?
ANNE
Yes.
BUS DRIVER
How long will you be at the university?
ANNE
Im not sure. An hour perhaps.
We dont ask how high or how long a person is. Instead we say:
How tall are you?
or
What is your height?
BUS DRIVER
A single will do. You can use the same ticket to come back.
A day trip is a ticket you can use all day and go to a number of
places.
To find out what stop or station you need, you ask:
Where do I get off?
You can use how in front of any adjective that can be measured or
compared with other things.
Another how question is how often?, which asks about the amount
of
times we do things
About an hour.
BUS DRIVER
How long will you be at the university?
**********
ANNE
Im not sure. An hour perhaps.
Three metres.
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
51
EPISODE 22
ANNE sees the Professor.
ANNE reads a sign Adelaide University She enters the university
grounds.
She walks down a corridor and sees a sign on a door Professor
GRAHAM
Cornish She knocks on the door.
1. LETTER WRITTING
When we write to someone we know, we usually begin by
writing
Dear
and then the name of the person you are writing to:
Dear Anne
You dont need to use their formal title.
GRAHAM
Im sorry to hear your brothers gone missing, Miss Lee.
We finish the letter with:
Dear Anne
ANNE
Im having a good time.
Were all so worried. Ive come to Adelaide to look for him. How long
Love...
did
and your name
he study here?
GRAHAM
Im not sure, er, two semesters.
ANNE
Did he get good grades?
Dear Anne
Im having a good time.
Love, David
GRAHAM
Im afraid not. I dont think computer science was the right direction
for
But only use Love if you are close to the person youre writing to.
him.
You can just write your name if youre not sure.
ANNE
Dear Anne
The investigator, Mr Barbour said you have a letter from David.
Im having a good time.
David
GRAHAM
Ah, of course. Its addressed to you. I told him Id only give it to you
in
person.
DAVID
2.
Dear Anne, Please dont look for me. I need to be by myself. I cant
study any more. Tell mum and dad to forget about me and take care of
themselves. You too. Look after yourself. Im sorry. Love, your brother
David.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Personal pronouns are words such as I, you, and they.
You use them to refer to yourself.
I am reading this.
Or to the person youre talking to.
I hope you understand this.
GRAHAM
Here
1. Letter Writing
2. Personal Pronouns
4. Reflexive Pronouns
52
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
DAVID
Dear Anne, Please dont look for me. I need to be by myself. I cant
study
any more.
ANNE
The investigator, Mr Barbour said you have a letter, from David.
GRAHAM
Ah, of course. Its addressed to you. I told him Id only give it to you
in
person.
He, she, they, him, her and them are third person pronouns we use
for
talking about other people.
He is clever.
She is smart.
They work hard.
I like him.
I believe her.
I dont trust them.
4. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
Reflexive pronouns are the self words such as yourself and
myself.
We say:
I like myself.
and not
I like me. (X)
When were talking about more than one person or thing, we use
these
plural forms.
They enjoyed themselves.
We enjoyed ourselves.
DAVID
Tell mum and dad to forget about me and take care of themselves.
**********
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
53
EPISODE 23
GRAHAM
When you find your brother say hello to him for me.
GRAHAM
Here
ANNE
I dont know what to do.
ANNE
I will.
GRAHAM
I think you should go to the police.
ANNE
But he says I shouldnt look for him.
GRAHAM
Yes, well he might have felt that way then. But a years a long time. If I
were
you, Id report your brother missing.
ANNE
Should I tell my parents about the letter?
GRAHAM
Your poor parents, they must be so worried. I think you should tell
them
what you know.
ANNE
What if I cant find him?
GRAHAM
Have faith. Im sure you will. You know your brother. Youll find him.
GRAHAM
Why dont you advertise in the newspaper? Put a photograph of your
brother there. Somebody might recognise him.
ANNE
Good, I hadnt thought of that.
GRAHAM
Ill show you out.
He shows her outside.
GRAHAM
If I were you, Id report your brother missing.
GRAHAM
Well, good luck Ms Lee.
ANNE
I dont know what else to do.
I think
GRAHAM
you should go to the police.
Why dont you advertise in the newspaper? Put a photograph of your
An informal way of saying this is I reckon
brother there. Somebody might recognise him.
I reckon you should go to the police.
ANNE
Good, I hadnt thought of that.
GRAHAM
My advice is, never give up.
ANNE
Thankyou for your help.
She shakes his hand and walks away.
54
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
GRAHAM
I think you should go to the police.
ANNE
Should I tell my parents about the letter?
**********
We say should have for things we think would have been good to do in
the
past.
I should have turned the oven off!
We use it to express regret.
I should have studied more.
I should have stopped smoking years ago.
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
55
EPISODE 24
ANNE and SARAH are tasting wines. The WINEMAKER, TIM, is
explaining the different varieties.
TIM
These are our whites. Why dont you try the Chardonnay first? Its
our
best-selling wine.
SARAH
Lovely.
ANNE
Good fruit. a little immature.
SARAH
Its a lovely colour, deepest red.
ANNE
What vintage is this?
TIM
Its three years old now. Itll drink well for years yet, but you can
drink
it right now too.
ANNE
And whats the price?
TIM
Well, its our most expensive wine at fifty dollars retail.
TIM
Yes, its made from some of our youngest vines. Its our most popular ANNE
Ill think about it. Its certainly got potential, but there are a lot of
white
wines
at the moment. Try this Riesling.
around in this class these days. Youve got a lot of competition Tim!
ANNE
Hmmm.
SARAH
Its very pale isnt it?
TIM
A lot of our customers are finding it very attractive.
TIM
Thats for sure. But we can work out a special price for you, if
youre
interested.
ANNE
Im definitely interested. This is very good. Sarah knows our
requirements
and pricing position, Im sure you can work out something with her.
ANNE
Its a bit too dry for our market. I think well leave that one. But I like TIM
Im sure we can.
the
Chardonnay. I think we can sell that.
TIM
Excellent.
SARAH
Lets try the reds.
1. GIVING OPINIONS
It is polite to say perhaps when giving an opinion or making
suggestions.
Listen to the difference.
Its time to go.
Perhaps its time to go.
Youre wrong about that.
Perhaps youre wrong about that.
TIM
Our reds are as good as any youll find around here.
ANNE
What have we got here?
TIM
This is our cabernet sauvignon. Its very popular.
ANNE
Mmmm. A bit too much fruit at this stage. I understand it wasnt a
good
year for cabernet in this district.
TIM
You know your wines, Miss Lee.
ANNE
I try to be prepared. Whats your best red?
ANNE
Good fruit. Perhaps a little immature.
she means the wine is not ready to drink
SARAH
Its very pale isnt it?
she means the wine is pale in colour
TIM
This one. Our shiraz, and we think its world class.
56
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
ANNE
I think well leave that one.
a polite way of saying she will not buy it
TIM
Itll drink well for years yet, but you can drink it right now too.
it will taste good for many years and also tastes good now as well
3. SUPERLATIVES
We use adjectives in a different way to compare more than two
things.
When we compare two things we add er or say more before the
adjective.
This is big.
This is bigger.
More Information: comparatives
An elephant is bigger
We use it for saying that something is more than we want.
The train is too crowded.
This tea is too sweet.
We often use too after much (much too) to mean even more
than.
The train is much too crowded.
This tea is much too sweet.
ANNE
Its a bit too dry for our market.
the wine is not sweet
One way to compare more than two things is to add est to the
adjective.
This is a big animal.
This is a bigger animal
This is the biggest animal.
ANNE
Its a lovely colour, deepest red
a very dark red
TIM
Yes, its made from some of our youngest vines
We use too before much (too much) to talk about amounts that cant
be
counted.
Words that have one main sound or syllable have the est ending.
This tea has too much sugar in it.
small (one syllable)
Theres too much noise.
smallest
When a word has more than two main sounds or syllables, we dont
add an
est sound to form the superlative.
ANNE
A bit too much fruit at this stage
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
57
TIM
Our reds are as good as any youll find around here.
our red wines are equal to any in the area
We use as before and after adjectives to say that things are the same.
Im as big as he is.
Shes as smart as you are.
TIM
Well, its our most expensive wine at fifty dollars retail.
TIM
Its our most popular white at the moment.
White wine
**********
ANNE
Whats your best red?
red wine
ANNE
Whats your best red?
TIM
Yes, its made from some of our youngest vines.
TIM
Well, its our most expensive wine at fifty dollars retail.
TIM
Its our most popular white at the moment
white wine
4. AS GOOD AS
We use the expression as good as to say that things are the same as
each
other or that they are equally good.
My house is as good as yours.
(my house is equal to yours)/
58
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
EPISODE 25
ANNE goes shopping at the Market.
ANNE waits at the counter of the fish shop.
ANNE
Do you have any bean sprouts?
ATTENDANT 2
Yes we do. How much would you like?
ANNE
About a hundred grams.
ATTENDANT 2
Will that be all?
ATTENDANT
Whos next please?
ANNE
Could I have some prawns please?
ANNE
Yes thanks.
ATTENDANT
Fresh, frozen or cooked?
ATTENDANT 2
Thatll be four dollars thanks.
ANNE
Frozen please.
ANNE
Thankyou.
Through the crowd Anne sees a young man who looks familiar. Could it
be
David, her long-lost brother?
ATTENDANT
How much do you need?
ANNE
About five hundred grams please.
He weighs and wraps the prawns.
ATTENDANT
Thatll be ten dollars thankyou.
1. SHOPPING
When shopping, the attendant often asks
Can I help you?
You can now ask for what you want.
ANNE
Thankyou
ATTENDANT 2
Can I help you?
ATTENDANT 2
Can I help you?
ANNE
Some of these leeks.
ANNE
Some of these leeks.
ATTENDANT 2
How many love?
ANNE
Three.
ATTENDANT 2
Something else?
ANNE
Some ginger.
ATTENDANT
Whos next please?
ATTENDANT 2
Right there love.
ANNE
Could I have some prawns please?
ANNE
Oh, right. Just this piece please.
ATTENDANT 2
Okay.
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
59
ANNE
Could I have some prawns please?
ATTENDANT 2
Can I help you?
ATTENDANT 2
Will that be all?
ANNE
Some of these leeks.
ANNE
Yes thanks.
ATTENDANT 2
Something else?
ATTENDANT 2
Something else?
ANNE
Some ginger.
ANNE
Some ginger.
ANNE
Do you have any bean sprouts?
You reply yes or just say what you want for more when asked
Something
else?
Something else?
Yes, some apples.
You reply like this when you dont want more:
Will that be all?
Yes thanks.
or
Something else?
No, thats enough.
ATTENDANT
Thatll be ten dollars thankyou.
ATTENDANT 2
Thatll be four dollars thanks.
60
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
EPISODE 26
ATTENDANT 2
How much would you like?
ATTENDANT
How much do you need?
ANNE is trying to keep sight of the young man as she finishes buying
her
groceries. The young man turns away and she starts after him, but it
is too
hard to get through the crowd. She bumps into someone.
ANNE
About five hundred grams please.
ANNE
Sorry.
You ask how many? when you want the number of things.
How many presenters are there on Living English?
Two
How many bananas do you want?
Six.
ANNE
Steve!
STEVE
Fancy running into you here! Where are you off to in such a hurry?
ANNE
Oh, Nowhere I, I thought I saw someone I know.
ANNE
Some of these leeks.
STEVE
Oh. Where?
ATTENDANT 2
How many love?
ANNE
Oh, its okay. Hes gone now. I mustve made a mistake.
ANNE
Three.
STEVE
You got time for a coffee?
ANNE
Yeah,okay
STEVE
Yeah
We use few for things that can not be counted.
Theres only a few clouds in the sky.
STEVE
How about here?
ANNE
Fine.
STEVE
So what are you doing at the market?
We say a dozen to mean twelve (12).
Eggs are sold as a dozen (12) or a half a dozen (6).
Can I have a dozen eggs please?
ANNE
Im cooking at your house on Friday, remember?
STEVE
Of course, Friday. Thatll be great.
**********
ANNE
What about you? Do you come here often?
STEVE laughs
ANNE
Whats funny?
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
61
STEVE
When someone says, Do you come here often, its what we call a
pick-up
line. You know when someones trying
ANNE
I know what a pick-up line is.
STEVE
Fancy running into you here! Where are you off to in such a hurry?
Where are you off to? means the same as where are you
going?
Where are you off to today?
Im going to the shopping mall.
ANNE
Youll find out on Friday.
WAITER
What would you like?
STEVE
Cappuccino.
2. I THOUGHT...
We say I thought to talk about ideas we have that might change, or
that
we are not sure about.
I thought you had the keys.
I thought I phoned you yesterday.
WAITER
Yep
STEVE
And a tea please
WAITER
Tea. No worries.
ANNE
Oh, Nowhere I, I thought I saw someone I know.
3. MORE SUGGESTIONS
One way of suggesting to someone that you do something is to
say
Have you got time for
STEVE
Do you want me to take your shopping home? I can put it in the fridge
for
you.
Have you got time for a walk?
Have you got time to...?
Have you got time to talk?
ANNE
No, thats okay, I have a fridge in my room at the hotel.
ANNE
The person you saw. Who did you think it was?
Steve says this in a short and informal way without the word have:
ANNE
Its a long story. Maybe Ill tell you later.
STEVE
On Friday.
STEVE
You got time for a coffee?
ANNE
Maybe
1. CHANCE ENCOUNTERS
Listen again to how Steve and Anne meet:
ANNE
Sorry!
STEVE
How about here?
Is it okay to sit here?
ANNE
Steve!
62
Living English
Episode 1 - 42
5. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
These words are called prepositions of place.
We use them to say where something is.
The apple is in the box
The apple is on the box
We can also say:
The apple is on top of the box.
The box is under the apple.
When the apple is not touching the box we say:
The apple is above the box.
The apple is over the box.
The box is beneath the apple.
The box is below the apple.
The apple is beside the box.
The box is beside the apple.
We use into and onto for actions:
Hes putting the apple into the box.
Hes putting the apple onto the box.
STEVE
So what are you doing at the market?
ANNE
Im cooking at your house on Friday, remember?
STEVE
Do you want me to take your shopping home? I can put it in the fridge
for
you.
**********
ANNE
No, thats okay, I have a fridge in my room at the hotel.
Episode 1 - 42
Living English
63
EPISODE 27
ANNE sees JOHN and describes her brothers possessions.
ANNE is sitting in JOHNs office.
ANNE
Silver. And the watch has an inscription. It says To my son Norman
JOHN
Norman?
ANNE
I thought I saw David at the market. But I didnt get a very good look ANNE
Thats our fathers name. Grandfather gave it to him.
and I
lost him in the crowd.
JOHN
When was this?
JOHN
Aha! (writes) Norman.
ANNE
Just yesterday.
ANNE
In Chinese.
JOHN
How long since youve seen him?
JOHN
In Chinese.
ANNE
Nearly two years.
ANNE
He might have a neckband. I gave it to him as a going-away
present.
JOHN
Are you sure youd recognise him now?
ANNE
Of course! Hes my brother.
JOHN
Whats it like?
ANNE
Its made of tortoise-shell. Its a disc with a design, like this.
She draws a yin-yang design on a piece of paper.
JOHN
Its just, Im thinking he might have changed his appearance if he
didnt
want to be found.
JOHN
Ah, Yin Yang.
ANNE
Mr Barbour, I would recognise my brother. Believe me.
JOHN
Of course. Im sorry. Maybe you did see him at the market. Its just
youve
been thinking about him a lot. The mind plays tricks, you know.
ANNE
I suppose so. Maybe it wasnt him. I dont know.
JOHN
Is there anything that would positively identify him? Jewellery, a
scar,
anything?
ANNE
His watch. My father gave it to him. He always wears it.
JOHN
Can you describe it?
ANNE
Its an old fashioned watch. An Omega. It was our
grandfathers
ANNE
Thats right. You know it. The band is made of leather. He said hed
always
wear it.
JOHN
Yes, well its not much, but its something I suppose. Ill call you next
week
with some news.
ANNE
I hope so.
1. POSSIBILITIES
You say:
It will rain today
if you are certain or sure it will rain.
If you are not certain you say:
It might rain today.
or
Perhaps it will rain today.
or
Maybe it will rain today.
JOHN
Whats the band made of?
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Episode 1 - 42
ANNE
He might have a neckband.
The past participle is the form of the verb used with forms of have.
I have thrown it out.
She has seen your work.
Most of the time the past participle is the same as the past tense.
You might have studied this before.
JOHN
Its just, Im thinking he might have changed his appearance if he
didnt
want to be found.
Properties
Something that is transparent is clear, or can be seen
through.
The vase is transparent.
The other words we use for possibilities in the past (maybe and
perhaps)
are used with the simple past tense.
**********
JOHN
Maybe you did see him at the market.
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65
EPISODE 28
ANNE
Excuse me. I have an appointment to see Doctor Chang at 2.30.
Anne says:
ANNE
Ive been getting some very bad headaches lately.
The receptionist asks for Annes name. Instead of saying What is your
Lets look at the phrase have been getting.
name please? she just says, And your name?
RECEPTIONIST
And your name?
ANNE
Lee. Anne Lee.
But for an action that started in the past, and is still going on she
says
RECEPTIONIST
Ms Lee. Yes, please take a seat.
ANNE
Ive been getting some very bad headaches lately. And I feel
tense.
ANNE
Yes, Im worried about my brother. Hes been missing for two
years.
Notice that we use the word for to talk about a length of time.
ANNE
Yes, Im worried about my brother. Hes been missing for two
years.
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We use the word since when we are talking about a specific time in
the
past:
EPISODE 29
SARAH shows ANNE her kitchen
ANNE has her shopping in a bag. She puts it on the bench while
SARAH
shows her around the kitchen.
SARAH
Are you feeling better now?
ANNE
Yes, the Doctor said I should relax.
Have you been working all day?
Has she been working all day?
SARAH
Why dont you sit down? Let me cook.
DOCTOR CHANG
ANNE
And have you been taking anything for them?
No. I enjoy cooking. It is relaxing for me.
3. PREFERENCE
The Doctor uses the word prefer to ask which sort of medicine Anne
likes best.
SARAH
Okay then. Well, let me help. What do you need?
DOCTOR CHANG
Do you prefer Western or Chinese medicine?
SARAH
The knives are in this drawer.
ANNE
And a wok. Do you have one?
ANNE
I prefer Chinese medicine.
When we say which thing we like out of two things we use the word
to.
I prefer staying home to travelling.
Another way of saying which of two things you like uses the words
would,
rather and than.
I would rather stay home than travel.
Notice that we dont use the ing form when using would, rather and
than.
**********
Episode 1 - 42
ANNE
I need a sharp knife.
Living English
SARAH
Yes of course. Its in this cupboard.
ANNE
And do you have a . Hmmm. I dont know what its called. A kind of
saucepan with holes in it.
SARAH
A colander. Its in here too. Its behind the
saucepan.
ANNE
And Ill need a bowl.
SARAH
Large or small?
ANNE
Big enough to hold these prawns.
SARAH
Oh, yum, prawns. I love prawns. How about this one?
She holds up a very big bowl.
ANNE
No, thats too big. I dont need one as big as that.
SARAH
This one?
67
ANNE
Thats perfect. Okay, Im ready!
ANNE
And Ill need a bowl.
SARAH
Are you feeling better now?
SARAH
Large or small?
Sarah is showing her concern because she knows Anne was not
feeling
well.
Anne says she is feeling better and tells Sarah what the Doctor told ANNE
her
Big enough to hold these prawns.
to do:
We can also use the word enough to say that we dont need any more
Ive done enough study today.
ANNE
Yes, the Doctor said I should relax.
**********
3. ATTRIBUTES
Here are some ways to describe kitchen objects.
Its made of metal.
It has a wooden handle.
Its sharp.
Its a knife.
Its soft.
You can squeeze it.
Its a sponge.
Its round.
Its hard.
Its breakable.
Its a plate
4. ENOUGH
The box is big enough to fit this ball.
The ball is small enough to fit in the box.
The box is not big enough for this ball.
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Living English
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EPISODE 30
SARAH
What are we having?
ANNE
First we have to peel the prawns.
ANNE
Singapore noodles with prawns. Its a very famous dish. You can buy
You can then ask
it at
What do we do now?
street stalls everywhere. I hope you like it.
Whats next?
Now what?
SARAH
Im sure we will. So, what do we do first?
ANNE
First we have to peel the prawns.
SARAH
Now what?
SARAH
Okay. Ill do that. Now what?
ANNE
Now well fry the prawns. The oil must be very hot. It doesnt take
very
long. While Im doing that, you can chop the leeks. Chop them very
fine.
She fries the prawns, while SARAH chops the leeks.
ANNE
Now well fry the prawns.
SARAH
Like this?
For doing things at the same time as something else we say while.
While Im doing that, you can chop the leeks.
ANNE
Yes. Sort of
LATER She has taken the prawns out of the wok
ANNE
While Im doing that, you can chop the leeks.
Now what?
ANNE
Next we add the spices, and some ginger, and the leeks.
SARAH
Okay, and now?
SARAH
Okay, and now?
ANNE
Now the leeks are soft, we put in some bean sprouts, and then the
prawns,
and the noodles.
SARAH
All in together? Is that all?
For the final or last thing we say finally or lastly:
Finally we add some of this special sauce.
ANNE
or
Almost. Lastly we add some of this special sauce. I didnt think Id be
Lastly we add some of this special sauce.
able
to find this here. Your markets very good. Thats it. Were almost
ready. I
hope your familys hungry.
ANNE
Lastly we add some of this special sauce.
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69
2. PASSIVE VOICE
One teaspoon of sugar is then added.
We use the passive voice when the thing that causes the action is not
He then adds a teaspoon of sugar.
important.
passive voice active voice
The active voice is:
We add some of this special sauce.
The passive voice is:
Some special sauce is added.
Notice that the subject changes.
Next, a little hot water is added.
Next he adds a little hot water.
passive voice active voice
In the example in the active voice the subject is we and the object is
special
Milk is poured in.
sauce:
He pours in milk.
We add some of this special sauce.
In the passive voice the person or thing doing the action is not
important,
so the object becomes the subject.
Some special sauce is added.
STEVE
Thats pretty good for a beginner.
Anne smiles, but mind is somewhere else.
STEVE
Anne, you seem sad again. Whats the matter ?
**********
3. RECIPES
passive voice active voice
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EPISODE 31
The family praise ANNE for her meal.
SARAH, her husband MARK, daughter Louise and brother STEVE are
there. They are finishing their meal.
STEVE
Thats pretty good for a beginner.
ANNE smiles, but her mind is somewhere else.
STEVE
Anne, you seem sad again. Whats the matter?
ANNE
Theres something I havent told you...
SARAH
That was delicious Anne.
1. PRAISING A MEAL
If we like what we have eaten we can say:
That was nice.
That was very tasty.
That was delicious.
ANNE
Im glad you enjoyed it.
.
MARK
Yes, it was very tasty.
ANNE
If you went to Singapore you could have it everyday.
SARAH
There you are, Mark, the advantages of travel.
SARAH
That was delicious Anne.
ANNE
Im glad you enjoyed it.
STEVE
I thought it was absolutely superb.
MARK
Yes, it was very tasty.
ANNE
Thankyou, Steve. What did you think Louise?
LOUISE
Too hot!
ANNE
Im sorry. Thats how we eat in Singapore.
STEVE
I thought it was absolutely superb.
Its not polite to say you dont like a meal if you are a guest.
But in a restaurant you can say to the people you are with:
That was awful.
That wasnt very nice.
STEVE
Do you want to play darts?
ANNE
Whats that?
STEVE
Come on, Ill show you.
2. TO & TOO
We use too to mean as well.
LOUISE
Can I play too?
LOUISE
Can I play too?
SARAH
No Louise. Let Anne relax. She cooked dinner, so well clean up.
In the games room, Steve shows Anne how to play darts.
ANNE
Thankyou, Steve. What did you think Louise?
LOUISE
Too hot!
STEVE
You have to hold it like this. Gently, like this. Look where you want the
dart to go, and throw it, but not too hard.
ANNE throws her dart.
more information: Using The Word Too - episode
24
3. SO
Sometimes we use so to mean because.
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71
SARAH
Let Anne relax. She cooked dinner, so well clean up.
**********
4. INSTRUCTIONS
When giving instructions to someone, we say you must or you have
to.
STEVE
You have to hold it like this.
STEVE
Gently, like this. Look where you want the dart to go, and throw it, but
not
too hard.
Electric kettle
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EPISODE 32
STEVE
Yes. ANNE thinks she saw him.
STEVE
This is your brother?
SARAH
Well the Market are open tomorrow. Let us find out.
ANNE
I cant believe it. David, working at the Market.
ANNE
Yes
1. REPORTED SPEECH
We use says when we are talking about the singular third person.
Michelle says she doesnt eat meat.
STEVE
I know this man!
ANNE
You know him!
ANNE
Steve says he knows my brother.
STEVE
I am sure it is him. This is the man who works at the stall where I
buy
fruit.
ANNE
I knew it! I knew it was him! We must go there now!
STEVE
Hold on! Hold on! It is ten oclock at night. The Market is closed. Let
me
have another look. How long since you have seen him?
STEVE
It is him. I am sure it is him.
SARAH comes into the room.
SARAH
What is going on?
ANNE
He says Davids working at the Market.
ANNE
Steve says he knows my brother.
SARAH
What!
STEVE
Well I think so?
ANNE
He says David is working at the Market.
STEVE
That is right.
ANNE
My brother sells fruit for a living!
SARAH
Steve, are you sure?
Episode 1 - 42
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73
STEVE
This is the man who works at the stall where I buy fruit.
We can link more information with who.
This is the man.
He owns the house.
I live there.
This is the man who owns the house where I live.
STEVE
This is the man who works at the stall where I buy fruit.
SARAH
Steve, are you sure?
STEVE
Yes. Anne thinks she saw him.
.
2. WHO OR THAT
We mostly use who when we are talking about people and always
that if
were talking about things.
I dont like cars that are noisy.
I dont like people who are noisy.
I like children who laugh.
ANNE
I cant believe it. David, working at the Market.
We mostly use in for the general type of work we do.
I work in the media.
Anne works in the wine industry.
David works in retail.
We say for to mean the organization you are helping with your
work.
He works for a bank.
I work for the government.
Anne works for an export business.
STEVE
This is the man who works at the stall where I buy fruit.
**********
3. COMPLEX SENTENCES
Words such as who, that and where are used to make
complex
sentences.
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EPISODE 33
ANNE, STEVE and SARAH look for DAVID at the Market stall.
STEVE leads them to the fruit and vegetables stall where ANNE thinks
STEVE
she saw DAVID.
Straight ahead?
SARAH
Yes, no, left at the next lights.
ANNE
Hes not here.
STEVE
Give me the photo. Ill ask.
ANNE gives him the photo and STEVE goes up to the FRUITSELLER.
ANNE
How far is it?
SARAH
Not far. Keep going along this road until you get to a roundabout.
A police motorbike catches up with them and turns on its siren.
STEVE
Excuse me!
STEVE
Uh oh.
FRUITSELLER
Yes mate.
STEVE
Were looking for this man. He works here, doesnt
he?
FRUITSELLER
Who wants to know?
STEVE
This is his sister. Shes been looking for him.
FRUITSELLER
Dont know anything about a sister. He never mentioned a sister.
ANNE
But it is him, isnt it? Please say its him!
FRUITSELLER
Yeah, well this does look like our Davo. Reckon its him, love.
SARAH
Whats that?
STEVE
Its the cops.
1. DIRECTIONS
The main directions are:
North - South - East - West
Where left and right are depends on which way you are facing.
For you, the cup is to the left of the plate and the shell is to the
right.
ANNE
Oh thankyou, thankyou! Its David!
Lets listen to the directions given in the drama.
STEVE
I knew it!
Turns to Fruitseller
STEVE
Straight ahead?
STEVE
So where is he?
FRUITSELLER
Look I dunno, mate. He rang yesterday. Said he wanted a couple of
days
off. I said okay hes usually pretty good.
ANNE
Do you know where he lives?
She wants to give the directions quickly, so she doesnt say turn.
The next lights means the next set of traffic lights.
Now listen to how she tells Steve to continue in the same direction:
SARAH
Keep going along this road until you get to a roundabout.
FRUITSELLER
Hang on love, Ill just get me book.
SARAH
Well go there straight away.
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75
SARAH
She says keep going.
Remember that when we give instruction or orders, we dont say
you.
Sarah doesnt say you keep going, she just says keep going
Listen again:
SARAH
Keep going along this road until you get to a
roundabout.
Until you get to a roundabout.
Until means up to when or up to the time that.
When they get to the roundabout they will have to turn.
**********
STEVE
This is his sister. Shes been looking for him.
3. PRESENT PERFECT
The tense we use for things that are not continuous actions, but
started
in the past and continue to be true is the present perfect.
I have lost my keys.
(the keys are still lost)
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EPISODE 34
SARAH
But its true!
ANNE
Whats that?
STEVE
Its the cops!
They pull over, and the policeman approaches.
ANNE
Im really sorry. Its all my fault. I was only thinking about my brother,
and
now youre in trouble.
STEVE
Its okay Anne. It was my fault we were going too fast.
POLICEMAN
Look, just stick to the speed limit, okay?
POLICEMAN
Can I see your licence please?
STEVE
Thank you officer. Thankyou so much.
STEVE
Here you are. Im sorry officer, whats the
problem?
POLICEMAN
But thats no excuse for not wearing a seatbelt. Right now be off with
you. I
hope they find your brother, maam.
POLICEMAN
Im afraid you were travelling at seventy kilometres per hour in a sixty
kilometre zone. Also, I see you have a passenger in the back seat who
was
STEVE
not wearing a seat belt. Do you know that you must wear a seat belt Thanks officer.
when
youre travelling in a vehicle, maam?
1. PAST CONTINUOUS
Steve was travelling too fast.
SARAH
Im sorry. I forgot. You see officer, my friend here has been looking for
her
Was travelling is a verb tense called past continuous. It describes a
brother who she hasnt seen for two years, and weve just discovered continuous action in the past.
the
address.
STEVE
We were driving there when you pulled us over.
POLICEMAN
Yes, well, you hear a lot of stories in this job. I havent heard that
one
before.
POLICEMAN
Im afraid you were travelling at seventy kilometres per hour in a
sixty
kilometre zone.
POLICEMAN
Also, I see you have a passenger in the back seat who was not
wearing a seat
belt.
We form the past continuous with was or were and the ing form of the
verb.
They were driving too fast.
I was working too hard.
It was raining.
STEVE
We were driving there when you pulled us over.
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77
POLICEMAN
Also, I see you have a passenger in the back seat who was not
wearing a
seat belt.
3. USING TENSES
Listen to this long sentence from Sarah.
SARAH
Im sorry. I forgot. You see officer, my friend here has been looking for
her
brother who she hasnt seen for two years, and weve just discovered
the
address.
SARAH
You see officer, my friend here has been looking for her
brother...
She hasnt seen him shows that in all that time, Anne did not see her
brother, and she still hasnt seen him now.
SARAH
You see officer, my friend here has been looking for her brother who
she
hasnt seen for two years.
STEVE
We were driving there when you pulled us over.
We were speeding.
You stopped us.
We were speeding when you stopped us.
SARAH
You see officer, my friend here has been looking for her brother who
she
hasnt seen for two years, and weve just discovered the address.
POLICEMAN
Do you know that you must wear a seat belt when youre travelling
in a
vehicle, maam?
**********
SARAH
You see officer, my friend here has been looking for her brother who
she
hasnt seen for two years
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EPISODE 35
DAVID
Anne this is my er girlfriend, Rose..
SARAH
Where did you say it was?
STEVE
This is it. Barker Street. Were looking for number 57.
The car pulls up outside the house.
1. INTRODUCTIONS
David had to introduce his sister to his partner.
First he introduces his sister to Rose.
Listen.
ANNE
What am I gonna say to him?
DAVID
Rose this is my sister Anne.
Then he introduces Rose to Anne.
SARAH
Itll be fine. Hes your brother.
STEVE
So. Whos going to knock?
DAVID
Anne this is my er... girlfriend, Rose...
ANNE
I guess I will. Im so nervous.
SARAH
Dont worry. Well be here.
ANNE walks up to the front door and knocks. A WOMAN (ROSE)
comes to the front door.
When you introduce someone, you say something about them whether
they are your sister or your boss, or whatever seems to be important.
Jim - this is our receptionist, Sue.
ROSE
Hello.
ANNE
Hello. I wonder er, Im sorry to bother you. Im looking forits very
hard to explain.
ROSE
Perhaps my partner can help you. David!
ANNE is shocked. DAVID comes to the door and recognises his sister. ANNE
Hello. I wonder er, Im sorry to bother you. Im looking forits very
hard to explain.
DAVID
Anne!
ANNE
David!
DAVID
Its so good to see you. Im so ashamed. Ive been so selfish.
3. I HAVE BEEN
We say I have been or Ive been to talk about something that has
happened
for a period of time.
I have been studying English for a year.
Ive been driving since I was sixteen.
Listen to Anne and David talk about their feelings in the periode of
time
when they were apart.
ANNE
Im so glad youre alright. Ive been so worried.
ROSE is looking confused and a little worried.
DAVID
Its so good to see you. Im so ashamed. Ive been so selfish.
DAVID
Rose this is my sister Anne.
ANNE
Im so glad youre alright. Ive been so worried.
ROSE
Your sister!
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79
EPISODE 36
ANNE meets her brothers family
ROSE
Youd better come in.
ROSE
You didnt tell me you had a sister.
(Turning to the others)
David hasnt told me very much about his family.
DAVID
Im so sorry. Anne, I feel very bad about not contacting you.
5. YOUD BETTER
A common way of saying the best thing to do is... is youd
better.
Youd better finish that essay.
Youd better feed the cat.
ROSE
Youd better come in.
ANNE
I just cant believe it. I was looking for you, thinking that something
terrible
must have happened and here you are playing house!
DAVID
Theres someone you should meet.
He takes ANNE to a corner of the room where there is a crib with a
cover
over it. He folds back the cover. There is a baby there.
DAVID
This is our son, Sam. Sam, meet your Aunt Anne.
ANNE
David! My little brother a father! Hes beautiful! David, why didnt
you
tell me about Rose. Why didnt you tell me you were a father?
**********
ROSE
I think I would like to know that too.
ANNE
I would have come and helped you.
DAVID
Its hard to explain.
ANNE
I have some friends outside who helped me find you. I think you need
to
tell us all what happened.
ROSE
Ill go and get them.
DAVID picks SAM up out of his crib, and passes him to ANNE.
ANNE
Im an aunt!
ROSE comes in with the others.
ANNE
Sarah, Steve. This is my brother David and his partner, Rose. And
this is
my nephew Sam.
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DAVID
(to STEVE)
I know you. You
STEVE
shop at your stall. Yeah.
DAVID
Green apples. He always wants green apples.
STEVE
Thats right. You have a good memory David.
ROSE
I think youd better all sit down.
1. INTRODUCTIONS
This time Anne introduces two groups of people instead of just
two
people:
ANNE
Sarah, Steve. This is my brother David and his partner, Rose. And
this is
my nephew Sam.
2. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
A relative pronoun is a word thats used instead of the noun
being
talked about.
Who, which, that, what and when are common relative
pronouns.
We use who for people.
Anne is the character who has found her brother.
Sarah is the character who is Marks wife.
ANNE
I think you need to tell us all what happened.
3. RELATIVES
Baby Sam is Annes nephew.
ANNE
And this is my nephew Sam.
ANNE
Im an aunt!
ROSE
You didnt tell me you had a sister.
ANNE
I have some friends outside who helped me find
you.
We use which or that when talking about things.
I have a car which is blue.
I have a car that is blue.
**********
Episode 1 - 42
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81
EPISODE 37
DAVID tells his story
1. PAST TENSES
We use did or didnt if we are talking about the past.
I did know. (positive)
I didnt know. (negative)
ANNE
What happened? Why did you stop writing?
DAVID
I started my course at University. It was very difficult. Computer
science
isnt for me.
ANNE
Did you fail your exams?
ANNE
We didnt know what to think, David.
DAVID
Yes. I let everyone down. I just wanted to die. Dad must be so angry.
ANNE
Hes just worried about you, David.
These are some ways of forming past tenses with the verb
know:
I did know.
I didnt know.
I knew.
DAVID
I didnt know what to do. I was so confused. I had to find a job. I
couldnt
use fathers money any more. So, I applied for a job at the Markets.
Phil
was very kind. He agreed to give me a job if I could get a working visa.
ANNE
How did you?
DAVID
I went home and applied for it.
ANNE
You mean you went back to Singapore?
DAVID
Yes. I was too ashamed to see anyone. Im such a failure.
ROSE takes Davids hand.
ROSE
I dont think youre a failure.
DAVID
Anyway, I returned here, and I started work. I met Rose, we moved
in
together, and, well, then Sam came along.
STEVE
Its an amazing story.
SARAH
I think its wonderful.
DAVID
Mum and dad wont think its that wonderful.
ANNE
Theyll be so relieved youre safe. We didnt know what to think,
David.
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DAVID
I didnt know what to do.
Another way that we use to form past tenses is to use the past tense
of one
3. SUCCESS & FAILURE
verb followed by the infinitive.
Success and failure are nouns:
Im a success.
Im a failure.
Look at these examples:
DAVID
He agreed to give me a job if I could get a working visa.
DAVID
Im such a failure.
He agreed to give the past tense agreed is followed by the infinitive
to
give.
The verbs are succeed and fail.
I hope you succeed with your studies.
If you work hard you wont fail.
DAVID
I was too ashamed to see anyone.
ANNE
Did you fail your exams?
Look at how these sentences are changed to talk about the past:
I know what to do. (present)
I knew what to do. (past)
I want to study overseas. (present)
I wanted to study overseas. (past)
2. HAVE
We use the word have and its past tense had in a number of
ways.
**********
They form perfect tenses with other verbs such as the present perfect
have
done for things that have just happened.
I have done a good job.
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EPISODE 38
DAVID
But not like this!
ANNE
Theyll be so relieved youre safe. We didnt know what to think,
David.
STEVE
Your secrets out now.
SARAH
Steve!
DAVID
Cant I just disappear? You can pretend I dont exist.
ANNE
Its alright Sarah. Steves right. I think David knows what he has to
do.
ANNE
You should have told me. I could have helped. Didnt you realise wed
come
and look for you?
DAVID
What do you suggest?
DAVID
I just couldnt face Dad.
ANNE
You could have told your sister.
DAVID
Hello Mum. Its me, David. Yeah, Im Okay, Im alright. Anne found me.
Yeah, Im working. Look, Im so sorry that I didnt call you. Can you
forgive
me? Yeah okay, alright. I love you too. Yeah, Alright. Mums crying.
Shes
gone to get Dad. Hes going to be so angry. Hello dad?
DAVID
I ought to have told you Anne. I should have trusted you. Im so sorry.
ANNE
Hes so beautiful David. You cant keep him from Mum and Dad.
ROSE
Theyre your flesh and blood, David. Theyre Sams grandparents.
Dont
you think theyll want to see him? Dont you think I want to meet
your
parents?
ANNE
Rose is right David. Mum and Dad so much want to be
grandparents.
1. CANT I ...?
We say cant before words such as I, we and you when
making
suggestions.
Cant we just catch a taxi.
Cant you just ask for directions.
DAVID
Cant I just disappear?
ANNE
You should have told me.
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Another way of talking about things not done in the past is ought
to.
We use it in the similar way to should have.
I ought to have worn a jacket.
You ought to have left earlier.
We use it to talk about things it would have been right to do.
You ought to give that money back. You stole it.
ROSE
Theyre your flesh and blood, David. Theyre Sams grandparents.
Dont
you think theyll want to see him? Dont you think I want to meet your
parents?
flesh and blood means blood relatives or people you are directly
related to
**********
DAVID
I ought to have told you Anne. I should have trusted you.
ANNE
You should have told me. I could have helped.
We use could to talk about things in the future that are possible to do.
I could write my essay tomorrow.
DAVID
I just couldnt face Dad.
3. PERSUADING
We use cant to mean it would be wrong to.
You cant read a book in a meeting.
You cant drive fast in the city.
ANNE
Hes so beautiful David. You cant keep him from Mum and
Dad.
The expression Dont you think..? is another way of persuading
someone
to your point of view.
Dont you think that David should marry Rose?
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85
EPISODE 39
NORMAN
Do you realise how worried weve been?
DAVID
Hello Dad? Its me, David.
NORMAN
Do you realise how worried weve been?
DAVID (V.O.)
Yes, I
NORMAN
Youre our son! How could you do this to us?
DAVID
Im sorry for causing you so much worry dad. I thought you would be
angry. Thats why I didnt tell you I couldnt study any more.
NORMAN
Of course Im angry. Your mother has been sick with worry. But you
didnt
have to disappear. What have you been doing all this time?
2. APOLOGISING
The word we use to apologise is sorry.
Here are some ways that sorry is used.
Im sorry for being so late.
Im sorry for making so much noise.
DAVID
Im sorry for causing you so much worry dad.
DAVID
Ive been working. I work at the market. Im going to be a partner in Another way of saying sorry, is to say Im sorry to do something.
Im sorry to interrupt.
the
business soon. And Dadtheres something else. Im with someone. Im sorry to take so long.
And
we have a baby boy (silence) Dad? Are you still there?
NORMAN
Did you say you were married?
DAVID
Not exactly. I have a partner. Her name is Rose. And we have a son.
Your
grandson. Dad?
NORMAN
Im here David. Theres too much to think about. I want you to come
home.
DAVID
But I
DAVID
Im sorry for causing you so much worry dad. I thought you would
be
angry.
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NORMAN
I want you to come home.
We use need to mean something we must do or want strongly.
I need to eat.
I need to learn English for my new job.
EPISODE 40
DAVID reports his conversation to the others.
DAVID
Goodbye. Ill see you soon. Yeah, I promise. I love you too.
SARAH
Well? What did they say?
NORMAN
You need to come home.
5. PARTNER
A partner is a part owner of a business.
DAVID
My mother said she was glad that Im okay. She said she was happy to
hear
my voice. She told me that shes been very worried.
DAVID
ANNE
Ive been working. I work at the market. Im going to be a partner in What about dad? What did he say?
the
business soon.
Partner can also mean a husband, wife or the person you live with.
DAVID
He said he was very angry, but that he forgives me, and he told me
that he
loves me.
DAVID
I have a partner. Her name is Rose. And we have a son.
ANNE
Of course he loves you. Hes your father!
ROSE
Did he say anything else?
**********
DAVID
Yes, he asked me to go home. He said they want to see us.
ROSE
All of us?
DAVID
Yes. They want to meet you. And Sam. They asked us to go to
Singapore.
ROSE
But we cant afford it.
DAVID
Hes sending us tickets.
ANNE
Of course he is. He loves you, David. We all do. And now there is Rose
and Sam too.
ROSE
Id love to meet your parents David. And Sam wants to meet his
grandparents. Theyre our family
DAVID
Im so sorry.
ROSE
Its okay. Its all out now. Well go as soon as possible.
ANNE
You can come with me.
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87
STEVE
What about me? Can I come too?
SARAH
Youre not family, Steve.
1. WHAT DID...?
When we ask questions about the past we use what did and the
present
tense of the verb.
What did you find?
What did she win?
What did they do?
DAVID
Yes, he asked me to go home. He said they want to see us.
DAVID
My mother said she was glad that Im okay. She said she was happy to
hear
my voice. She told me that shes been very worried.
DAVID
My mother said she was glad that Im okay.
DAVID
They asked us to go to Singapore.
3. AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
As soon as possible means as soon as you can or very soon.
DAVID
She told me that shes been very worried.
We usually report the rest of what a person has said using the past
tense.
ROSE
Well go as soon as possible.
DAVID
She said she was happy to hear my voice.
Now listen to some reported speech and then what was actually
said.
DAVID
He said he was very angry, but that he forgives me, and he told me
that he
loves me..
4. INFLECTION / STRESS
In English, usually one word in a sentence is said with more stress
than
the others.
ANNE
You can come with me.
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ANNE
You can come with me.
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Episode 1 - 42
You can stress with to invite someone or point out that you are not
going
by yourself.
You can come with me.
Here are some common expressions that rely on stress for their
meaning.
Listen
What are you doing?
We say this when someone is doing something annoying or wrong.
SARAH
But youll come back, wont you?
ANNE
Yes, if the wine sells well, Ill be back soon. I feel as if I have a second
family here.
SARAH
Id love to come and see you in Singapore.
ANNE
Oh yes! Ill show you around. And you must meet my parents. Thatd
be
great.
SARAH
Well, if our business goes well, Ill be able to afford it.
If you dont know exactly what someone is doing, or you are curious, ANNE
Theres no ifs about it. Youre a very good agent. Im so happy
you
youre my
say:
buyer here.
What are you doing?
STEVE
If you like, Ill come to Singapore with Sarah.
ANNE
Id like that very much. You can meet my parents too.
To tell someone that a place is worth visiting we say:
Thailand is beautiful. You must go.
STEVE
Do you think theyll like me?
ANNE
Of course theyll like you. If I like you, theyll like you.
SARAH
I think Id better leave you two alone. Ring me if you need help
with
packing.
.
**********
STEVE
Ive only just met you. And now youre leaving.
ANNE
But Ill come back. If you want me to.
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89
STEVE
If you like, Ill come to Singapore with Sarah.
SARAH
Ring me if you need help with packing.
The condition of Anne ringing Sarah is that she needs help packing.
It doesnt really matter which way round we say this. You could say:
If you need help packing, ring me.
We usually contract I would to Id.
Id love to win a million dollars.
ANNE
But Ill come back. If you want me to.
SARAH
Id love to come and see you in Singapore.
The condition for Anne to come back is Steve wanting her to.
.
ANNE
Oh yes! Ill show you around. And you must meet my parents.
SARAH
Well, if our business goes well, Ill be able to afford it.
To say that she feels certain that Sarah will visit Singapore , Anne
says:
2. IF
We use if to talk about possibility. This use of if is called
conditional.
ANNE
If I blow air into the balloon, it will get bigger.
Theres no ifs about it.
The thing that will cause the balloon to get bigger is blowing into it.
If I prick the balloon with a pin, it will burst.
The thing or condition that will cause the balloon to burst is being
Listen for a different use of if:
pricked with a pin
ANNE
Yes, if the wine sells well, Ill be back soon.
ANNE
I feel as if I have a second family here.
As if means like.
I feel as if Ive been studying for too long.
**********
The wine selling well is the condition for Anne coming back.
Anne is not sure that the wine will sell well. If she was, she would use
when, not if
When the wine sells, Ill come back.
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EPISODE 42
ANNE, DAVID and his family fly home.
SARAH
Im sure they will. Ill be expecting a postcard from you Anne, so
youd
better send me one.
STEVE
And Ill be waiting for a postcard too.
ANNE
Ill be counting the days until you come to Singapore.
3. AIPORT TERMS
When you arrive at the airport with a ticket you check in.
This mean you go to the Check in Counter where your bags are
taken
and you are given a boarding pass.
A boarding pass tell which seat on the plane to sit in.
ANNE
Well, I guess this is it. Sarah, thank you so much for all your help, and Other words for your bags abd things you take with you are
luggage
for
and baggage.
your kindness.
SARAH
Please dont mention it. And thank you for trusting me to be your
business
partner.
2. FUTURE CONTINUOUS
To talk about the future we use will.
More information: Episode 2 - The Future Tense.
If you dont have a ticket, you must first buy one at the ticket
counter.
Your plane is called your flight. Getting on the plane is called boarding
the
plane and the place where you wait to get on the plane is called gate
lounge
or gate. Listen for the terms in this announcement.
To talk about actions that continuing we use the ing forms of verbs.
more information: Episode 13 - Present Continuous
ANNOUNCEMENT
Attention please! This is the final call for Singapore Airlines flight
SQ452
direct to Singapore. Could all passengers for this flight go immediately
to
We use will with a verb that has the ing ending to talk about things in gate lounge 3.
the
future that will happen more than once, or all of the time.
I will be studying all day tomorrow.
This is called the Future Contuinuous Tense.
The Final Call is the last call. Anne had better hurry!
ANNE
And my friend. Ill be thinking of you all the time.
4. GOODBYE
If were going to see someonein a short time we say see you later or
see
you.
See you tomorrow.
See you later.
She doesnt say I will think of you. this means just one time.
Here more examples of the Future Continuous.
DAVID
I want to thank you too Sarah, for being so kind to my sister and
looking
after her so well. Ill be thinking of you too.
SARAH
Thank you. It was great to meet you. And you too Rose. I hope
everything
goes well in Singapore.
ROSE
Im looking forward to meeting Davids parents. I hope they like
me.
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Living English
ANNE
Goodbye. See you soon.
SARAH
Goodbye.
91
STEVE
Ill see you soon.
SARAH
Goodbye ROSE. Good luck. And you too David.
JOHN
Wait! Ive found him. Ive found your brother!
STEVE
What. Another one?
THE END
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