ENHANCED SHRINK-FIT PARAMETERS

FOR MECHANICAL SEAL

2554

2554

.
2554

5.1515x108 Pa 304 316

50 150
10

1,450 150
20
100
2 20
150 20
150 20 30
1,450
:

Thesis Title
Name - Surname
Program
Thesis Advisor
Academic Year

Enhanced Shrink-fit Parameters for Mechanical Seal

Mr. Arthit Saennam
Mechanical Engineering
Dr. Pipat Pramot
2011

ABSTRACT
Mechanical seals are usually installed in centrifugal pumps that work under high pressure
and high temperature condition in several industries. The ring-inset mechanical seal is selected
because it can easily be repaired in brief duration. Nevertheless, disadvantage remains: such ringinset type can hardly undergo high temperature in lengthy time. After a while, the ring is likely to
slip off the mechanical seal then causes a leakage as well as product damages.
This research has enhanced the shrink-fit parameter through an analysis by a finite
element program. In the experiments, stress level was applied at 5.1515x108 Pa and the 304 and 316
stainless grades were used as a carbon-ring jacket. Then, a strain gauge was installed at the ringinset mechanical seal. Thereafter, the mechanical seal was tested for a stationary heat resistance
with ranging from 50 to 150 degree celsius and the temperature was increasing by 10 degree celsius
each time. Meanwhile, the tension meter was reading for a tension values due to the mechanical seal
expansion that caused by heat. These conditions were used for both a stationary test and an 1,450rpm rotating test. Also, both tests were performed under 150 degree celsius at 20-bar constant
pressure.
By using a finite element program, the shrink-fit parameters had been enhanced from the
regular operation, which was 100 degree celsius at the pressure from 2 bar up to 20 bar, into better
operation and able to resist the temperature for 150 degree celsius at 20-bar pressure with a result of
a stress level lower than the leakage level. Furthermore, under a 30-minute experiment of 150
degree celsius, 20-bar constant pressure and 1,450 rpm speed, there was no leakage on the ringedge inset in the mechanical seal.
Keywords: shrink fit, temperature, mechanical seal


.
. .
.


-


......................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................

1 .......................................................................................................................................
1.1 ...............................................................
1.2 .....................................................................................
1.3 ...................................................................................................
1.4 .....................................................................................................
1.5 .....................................................................
1.6 ..................................................................................
2 ..............................................................................
2.1 .........................................................
2.2 ......................................................
2.3 ................................................
2.4 ..........................................................................................................
2.5 ...................................................
2.6 (Strain Gauge)..............................
2.7 (Stress) ................................................................................................
2.8 .....................................................
2.9 ....................................................
2.10 .......................................................................................

1
1
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
6
8
10
13
16
19
19
19
22

( )

3 ..................................................................................................................
3.1 .....................................................................................
3.2 ...............................................................
3.3 .....................................................................................................
3.4 .............................................................................
3.5 ........................................................
3.6 ...............................................
3.7 ............................
3.8 TC-31K ..............................................
3.9 ...........................................................................................
3.10 .........................................................................
3.11 ...........................................................................................
4 ...........................................................................................................
4.1 .........................................
4.2 ...........................................
5 ..............................................................................
5.1 ................................................................................
5.2 ...........................................................
5.3 .....................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

26
26
26
27
28
28
29
29
31
32
33
35
36
36
37
44
44
45
47
48
49
50
57
68

2.1 PV..............................
13
2.2 .......................................................
15
2.3 ...............................
15
2.4 ..........................................................................................
22
3.1 26
4.1 304
20 30 .......................................................................................................... 38
4.2 316
20 30 ........................................................................................................... 40
4.3 ( 304)
1,450 30 .............................................................. 42
4.4 ( 316)
1,450 30 .............................................................. 43

1.1 ..........................................................................................
1.2 100 ...................
2.1 ..........................................................................................
2.2 ().............................................................................
2.3 ()..........................................................................
2.4 .............................................
2.5 ......................................
2.6 ..................................................................
2.7 ..........................................................................................
2.8 .........................................................................................
2.9 ..............................................................................................
2.10 ...........................................................................................................
2.11 .............................................................................................................
2.12 ...........................................................
2.13 .......................................................
2.14 ..................................................................
2.15 ......................................................................................
2.16 .......................................................................
2.17 ..............................................................................................................
2.18 .............................................................................................................
2.19 ..............................................................................................................
2.20 .............................................................................................................
3.1 ............................................................................
3.2 ..............................................................................
3.3 ................................
3.4 ...........................................................................................................
3.5 ..........................................

1
2
5
6
7
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
9
11
16
18
18
20
23
23
24
25
27
28
28
29
30

 ( )

3.6 .........................................
3.7 .....................................................................................
3.8 ................................................................................................
3.9 ..................................................................
3.10 ........................................................................................
4.1 .................................................
4.2 .................................................
4.3 .....................................................
4.4 304..................................................................
4.5 304.....................................
4.6 316..................................................................
4.7 316......................................
4.8 ........................................................
5.1 ..................
5.2 100 .........................................................
5.3 ...........................................................................................
5.4 ............................................................................................
5.5 .......................................................................................

30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
39
40
41
42
44
45
45
46
46

1.1


(Mechanical Seal)



(Centrifugal Pump)

1.1

100
5

1.2 100




1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2

1.2.3
1.3
1.3.1

1.3.2
1.125 304 316
1.3.3 50 - 150 5-20
1,450
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2

3

1.4.3 ZFLA-6-11
1.4.4

1.5
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.5.3
1.5.4
1.5.6
1.6
1.6.1

1.6.2

1.6.3

 2






(Packing)
(Stuffing Box)
(Gland Follower)





2.1



2.1

5
2.1.1 (Primary Ring)

2.1.2 (Stationary Ring)

2.1.3 (Secondary Seal)


2.1.4 (Spring)

2.1.5 (Drive Mechanism)

2.1 [1]

6
2.2 3
2.2.1 (Single Seal)


2.2

2.3
2.2.2 (Multiple Seal)
(Double Seal)


(Face - to - Face) 2.4
(Back-to-Back) 2.5 (Tandam Seal) 2.6
2

2.2.3 (Cartridge Seal)

2.7

2.2 ( ) [2]

2.3 ( ) [2]

2.4 [2]

2.5 [2]

2.6 [2]

2.7 [2]
2.3 (Mechanical Seal)
2.3.1. (Balance & Unbalance Seal)
2.3.1.1 (Unbalance) :
7 (100 PSI) 2.8
2.3.1.2 (Balance) :
7 (100 PSI) 2.9
2.3.2. (Single Spring & Multiple Spring Seal)
2.3.2.1 (Single Spring Seal) :

2.10

9
2.3.2.2 (Multiple Spring Seal) :
(Stuffing Box)

2.11

2.8 [2]

2.9 [2]

2.10 [2]

2.11 [2]

10
2.4 (Balance Ratio)



2.12

hydraulic load area

sealing int erface area

1
D02 Db2
B 4
1
D02 Di2
4
D 2 Db2
B o2
Do Di2

(2.1)

B =
Do =
Di =
Db =

1.0 [3]

1.0

11

( 100 PSI 7 )
( 100 PSI 7 )

2.12 [4]
(Pressure Velocity Parameter)
P

12

2 PV
PV = PU

(2.2)

P = (Sealed Pressure)
U = (average sliding speed)
PV

PV

2.1 PV [5]

PV
lb/in2.ft/min (bar.m/sec)

Ni-resist

100,000 (35.03)

85% (AL2 O2)

100,000 (35.03)

99% (AL2 O2)

100,000 (35.03)

(6% Co)

500,000 (175.15)

Ni-resist

(85%AL2 O2)

PV 100,000
lb/in2.ft/min (35.03 bar.m/sec)

13
2.1 PV ()

PV
lb/in2.ft/min (bar.m/sec)

()

500,000 (175.15)

(6% Ni)

500,000 (175.15)

()

500,000 (175.15)

50,000 (17.51)

10,000 (3.50)

,

.

PV

2.1 PV
PV
PV


2.5

14



[6]
2.5.1 (Tensile Strength)


(Thermal Shock)

2.5.2 (Compressive Strength)

2.5.3 (Surface Hardness)

2.5.4 (Coefficient fo Thermal Expansion)

(Distortion)

2.5.5 (Thermal Conductivity)

131-183

87

(3405)

(14.7)

(7.02)

(138)

(221)

85%
(AL2 O2)

87

Rockwell A

(3405)

(25.08)

(7.74)

(269)

(245)

99%
(AL2 O2)

92

(70.9383.04)
(16.331)

(4.55)

(850)

(621)

(6% Co)

(kg/m3)

8000

8000

304

316

193

193

(GPa)

15.9

17.2

0-100C
16.2

17.8

0-315C

17.5

18.4

0-538C

(m/m/C)

16.2

16.2

at 100C

215

215

at 500C

86-88

Rockwell 45 N

(2879)

(70.93-103.8)

(3.38)

(142)

(331-393)

(W/m.K)

2.3 [7] [8]

217-268

(7307-7418)

(7169-7418)

lb/in3(kg/m3)

(43.25-48.44)

(39.79-50.17)

(w/m xk)

Brinell

(11.7-12.24)

(139-310)

(72-117)

Ni-resist

(11.88)

(448-827)

(90-110)

(x10-6 cm/cm K)

(x10 3Mpa)

( x10 3Mpa)

2.2

515

515

75-100

Shore

(2297-3100)

(10.0-15.6)

(4.14-8.46)

(52-62)

(26.2-33.1)

(MPa)

80-105

(1771-1910)

(6.57-20.76)

(4.14-6.12)

(31-62)

(17.2-27.6)

(GPa

92

92

Rockwell B

70-92

(2297-26856)

(13.84-14.7)

(4.32-5.58)

(52-62)

(20-30)

15

16
2.6 (Strain Gauge)

(Stress)
2.6.1 L
A
(Poissons Ratio) (R)
(L) (A) (Specification Resistance, )

L
A

R ( )
( -m )
L ( m )
A ( m2 )
( R ) 2.13

2.13 [9]

(2.3)

17
(Gauge Factor,G)

R
L

R / R
L / L

(2.4)

(Wheatstone Bridge)
(Quarter Bridge) R1
R1
R 1 = R2 = R3 = R 4 R2 R3 R4 0
2.6.2 (Strain Gauge Circuit)


. (Potentionmeter)
(Ballast) ( Vi )

R1 R2
( V0 )
(High Input Impedance) 2.6
V0 Vi

R2
R1 R2

(2.5)

18

2.14 [9]
. (Wheatstone Bridge)
2.15 B
D
V0 V AB V AD

R1
R4
Vi

R1 R2 R3 R4
R1 R3 R2 R4

Vi

R1 R2 )R3 R4

Active Gauge
Dummy Gauge

t
a

2.15 [9]

(2.6)

19
2.7 (Stress )
A
/

A0

P
Ao

(2.7)

(N/m2)
(N)
(m2)

2.8



T [10]
T ET

(2.8)

(cm/cm K)
E (GPa)
T (C)

2.9

2.16

20

2.16 [11]
r , , z r , , z (Normal Stress) r , rz , z
(Shear Stress) [12]
r r r

r rz 0
r

z
r r

r z 0
r

z
r rz z
z

r
r

(2.9)

0 T T T 0 0 0
(2.10)

T

T

T (r, , z ) T0

(2.11)

21

(Stress Strain Relations)

C 0

(2.12)

z r rz z

(2.13)

z r

rz z

(2.14)

x , y , z r , , z (Normal Strain) r , rz , z

1

0
E
C
1 1 2 0
0

1 2 2

1 2 2

1 2 2
0

(2.15)

, E

22

r
u

u r 1

r
r

z
z

1 u
r
r r r

w u

rz
r z

1 w

z r
z

(2.16)

2.10
1960 Mayer
(Faces Mating Material)
(Leakage Rate)


2.4


1.

12

(/ ) (/ ) (/ ) (/ )

0.003

0.003

0.005

0.15

2.

0.003

0.003

0.005

0.08

3.

0.003

0.003

0.005

0.05

4.

0.003

0.003

0.005

0.003

(SUS316)

23
1973 Adams, William [13]
,

2.17 [13]

2.18 [13]
1978 Bergius
(Packing)

24





1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

1979 Masaya (Ibaraki, JP), Watanabe (Hitachi, JP) [14]
(Stationary Seal)

2.19 [14]

25

1988 Lummila; Markku (Jyvaskyla, FI), Salovaara; Esa (Jyvaskyla, FI)

[15]
(4) (R1)

2.20 [15]

3.1

3.1

1.

2.

. - .

2554
.- . .-.

3.
4.
5.

3.2
3.2.1 1,450
3.2.2 5 20
3.2.3 50 150
3.2.4

.-.

27
3.3
100

100

3.1
A
B
C
D L1
L2

28

3.2
3.4

1,652
3,298
3 3.3

3.3

29
100% Steady
State Thermal Static Structural Simulation
Stainless Steel 150
3.4 20

3.4
3.5

2






3.6

( 2.3
)

30
2.2

(50 )

3.5
3.7




3.6 (Lapping)
1 2

3.6

31



1 3.7

3.7
3.8 TC-31K [16]
3.8.1 Coefficient
3.8.1.1 Power (Monitor Mode)
3.8.2.1 4 / Disp Form
3.8.3.2 F1 Coefficient
3.8.4.3 Coefficient 4
3.8.5.4 Shift
3.8.6.5 ENT
3.8.2
3.8.2.1
3.8.2.2 4 / Disp Form
3.8.2.3 F2
3.8.2.4 3 3

32
3.8.2.5 ENT
3.8.3
3.8.3.1
3.8.3.2 0/ Simp - Mass Simple Measure Mode
Mode
3.8.3.3 Simple Measure Mode (Strain Gage)
3.8.4
3.8.4.1
3.8.4.2 2/M WR

3.8.4.3 ENT
3.8.4.4 ENT

3.9
3

ZFLA6-11 3.8







NP-50
NP-50

33

3.8 [17]
NP-50
NP-50
NP-50

34


3.10
3.10.1
3.10.1.1
1-2
3.10.1.2
3.10.1.3
3.10.1.4 50
3.10.1.5 10
3.10.1.6 150

3.9

35

3.10
3.10.2
3.10.2.1
1-2
3.10.2.2
3.10.2.3
3.10.2.4 50
3.10.2.5 10
3.10.2.6 150
3.11
150

150

4.1


100
(Hot Oil Pump) (Feed Pump)


1,652
3,298
150 20
4.1

4.1

37




955 1,938

150 20
4.2
5.2476x107Pa

4.2
4.2
4.2.1
304

304

38

4.3
4.1
4.4 50
28
100 244
150
4.1 304
20 30
()
(C)
1
2
3

50
30
28
27
28
60
99
96
97
97
70
140
137
138
138
80
190
191
194
192
90
220
217
217
218
100
242
247
244
244
110
280
277
277
278
120
320
321
323
322
130
373
370
371
371
140
414
415
415
415
150
517
516
516
516

39
516
304 150
20

4.4 304

()

600
500
400
300
200
100

0

C

4.5 304
316

316

40

4.6 316
4.2
4.7 50
16
4.2 316
20 30
(C)
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150

()
1
16
44
75
80
98
109
152
185
237
270
332

2
17
46
73
83
94
110
153
182
237
270
332

3
16
43
76
82
95
109
153
182
236
269
331

16
44
75
82
96
109
153
183
237
270
332

41

()

100
109
150 332
316
150 20
400
300
200
100
0

C

4.7 316
4.2.2


1,450 50 0
10 100 4
10 150
20

42

4.8
4.3 ( 304)
1,450 30
(bar)
(C)
1
2
3

50
0
0
0
0
60
0
0
0
0
70
0
0
0
0
80
0
0
0
0
90
2
2
2
2
100
3
4
4
4
110
7
6
7
7
120
15
15
14
15
130
20
20
20
20
140
20
20
20
20
150
20
20
20
20

43
4.4 ( 316)
1,450 30
(C)
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150

(bar)
1
0
0
0
0
2
2
8
14
20
20
20

2
0
0
0
0
2
4
6
15
20
20
20

3
0
0
0
0
2
4
7
14
20
20
20

0
0
0
0
2
4
7
14
20
20
20

 5

5.1


1,652
3,298
150 20
5.1515x108 Pa
5.1
6.2992x108 Pa
180

5.1

45

5.2 100
5.2


50
20
10 150 20

5.3


50 1,450
10 150

46

5.1515x108 Pa

5.4

5.5

316
120-150 6 1,450

47
25.0
316
130-150 6-7
1,450 30.0
100
10,000
24,000 ()

5.3
5.3.1

5.2.2


[1] - , Mechanical Seal Handbook. 2543.
[2] - Mechanical Seal. 2543
[3] API Std 682, PumpsShaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps
[4] J.D. Summers-smith, Mechanical seal practice for improved performance. London
[5] James P.Netzel, Centrifugal Pump Mechanical seal Pump Handbook, Igor J. Karassik
P.2.197-2.237
[6] Alan O.Lebeck , PRINCIPLES AND DESIGN OF MECHANICAL FACE SEALS.
A Wiley, New York, 1991
[7] 304, azom.com (),
http://www.azom.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=965#_Background ( 7 2554)
[8] 316, azom.com (),
http://www.azom.com/details.asp?Articleid=863#_Background ( 7 2554)
[9] , .
(), 2550.
[10] Srinath , ADVANCED MECHANICS of SOLIDS. 2nded. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill 2003.
[11] , .
.2541
[12] , . 4.
, 2550
[13] Adams. Mechanical seal construction. United States Patent 3,765,689. October 16, 1973
[14] Masaya (Ibaraki, JP), Watanabe (Hitachi, JP). Mechanical seal. United States Patent
4,145,059. Mar 20,1979
[15] Lummila , et al. Slide ring seal. United States Patent 4,773,655. September 27, 1988
[16] , , 1-18,41.
[17] .. , ME 301 Mechanical Engineering Laboratory I, (),
http://charnnarong.me.engr.tu.ac.th/charnnarong/My%20classes/ME321/Lab3.pdf
( 20 2555)

51

52

53

54

55

56

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

17 2525
74/21 .1 . . . . 41000

.. 2549

. 2550 - 2551
. -
. 2552-2552
. -
. 2553 -
. -