BG Tin Hoc Co So 3

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG
--------------------
KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN 1
IT
BI GING
PT
TIN HC C S 3
Ch bin: PHAN TH H
H Ni 2013
Phan Th H- Khoa CNTT1- Hc vin CNBCVT
H QUN TR C S D LIU ACCESS

GII THIU
Chng ny cung cp cho sinh vin cc kin thc sau:
-
Tng quan v h qun tr c s d liu
Gii thiu v h qun tr c s d liu Access
Cc kin thc c bn trong vic to lp c s d liu ca Access, thit k xy

dng bng ( Table), mu biu (Form), truy vn ( Query), Bo biu ( Report)
IT
1 TNG QUAN V H QUN TR C S D LIU

1.1 C s d liu (CSDL)
PT
C th hiu CSDL (Database) l mt b su tp rt ln v cc loi d liu tc nghip

ca mt c quan, x nghip c t chc lu tr tp trung hay phn tn trn cc thit b
nh ca mng my tnh v c cc h ng dng truy xut, khai thc theo ch d trc
tuyn hay tng tc. C th c mt s khi nim c hiu nh sau :
- CSDL l kho lu tr c t chc v cc loi d liu tc nghip, bao gm cc loi d
liu v vn bn, ha, m thanh c m ha di dng chui bit 0 v 1 v c lu
tr trong cc b nh ca my tnh. CSDL phn nh trung thc th gii d liu hin thc
khch quan.
- CSDL dng chung cho nhiu ngi. CSDL l ti nguyn thng tin chung cho nhiu
ngi cng s dng. Bt k ngi s dng no trn my tnh, ti cc thit b u cui, v
nguyn tc u c quyn truy nhp khai thc ton b hay mt phn d liu theo ch trc
tuyn hay tng tc m khng ph thuc vo v tr a l ca ngi s dng vi cc ti
nguyn .
- CSDL c cc h ng dng khai thc, tm kim, tra cu, sa i b sung hay
loi b d liu. Tm kim v tra cu thng tin l chc nng ph bin nht, quan trng nht
ca cc h CSDL. H qun tr CSDL (DBMS - DataBase Management System) l phn
mm iu khin cc chin lc xy dng CSDL. Khi ngi s dng a ra yu cu truy
nhp bng mt ngn ng d liu no th DBMS tip nhn, thc hin cc thao tc trn
CSDL lu tr v tr li kt qu (nu c).
- Hin nay, CSDL quan h (Relationship Database) c s dng rng ri nht. i
tng nghin cu ca CSDL quan h l thc th v mi quan h gia cc thc th. Thc
1

th v mi quan h gia cc thc th l hai i tng khc nhau v cn bn. Mi quan h
gia cc thc th cng l mt loi thc th c bit. Trong cch tip cn CSDL quan h,
ngi ta xy dng c s l thuyt i s quan h xy dng cc quan h chun khi kt ni
khng tn tht thng tin v khi biu din d liu l duy nht. D liu c lu tr trong b
nh ca my tnh khng nhng phi tnh n yu t v ti u khng gian lu t, m phi
m bo tnh khch quan, trung thc d liu hin thc. Ngha l phi m bo tnh nht
qun ca d liu v d liu c s vn ton ca d liu.
1.2
H qun tr CSDL
a. Gii thiu: H qun tr CSDL l h thng phn mm iu khin ton b cc chin lc

truy nhp CSDL
Cc chc nng c bn ca h qun tr CSDL bao gm
To ra v duy tr cu trc d liu
Cp nht d liu
Lu tr d liu
Tm kim v x l cc d liu lu tr
Cho php nhiu ngi dng truy xut ng thi
H tr tnh bo mt v ring t
Cung cp mt c ch ch mc (index) hiu qu ly nhanh cc d liu la chn.
Bo v d liu khi mt mt bng cc qu trnh sao lu v phc hi.
PT
IT
b. Phn loi h qun tr CSDL:V c bn, hin nay c 3 loi h qun tr CSDL chnh l:
H qun tr CSDL phn cp cha d liu trong mt cu trc nh cy
H ny thit lp mt quan h cha-con trong d liu. nh ca cy, cn gi l root, c

th c mt s nt bt k. Cc nt ny li c th c mt s nt con bt k, v.v... Cc h
CSDL phn cp ngy nay lc hu.
H qun tr CSDL mng cha d liu dng cc bn ghi v cc lin kt
H thng ny cho php nhiu quan h nhiu-nhiu hn h CSDL phn cp. Mt h qun
tr CSDL mng lu tr c hiu qu v rt nhanh, cho php qun l cc cu trc d liu
phc tp. Tuy nhin, chng li rt cng nhc v yu cu nng n v thit k. Mt h thng
ng k v my bay l mt v d ca loi ny.
H qun tr CSDL quan h (Relationship DBMS)
H qun tr CSDL quan h c l l mt h qun tr CSDL c cu trc n gin nht.

Trong mt h qun tr CSDL quan h, d liu c t chc thnh cc bng. Cc bng li
bao gm cc bn ghi v cc bn ghi cha cc trng. Mi trng tng ng vi mt mc
d liu. Hai hay nhiu bng c th lin kt nu chng c mt hay nhiu trng chung.
2

H qun tr CSDL quan h c s dng kh d dng v pht trin nhiu trong nhng
nm gn y. Hin nay c mt s h qun tr CSDL quan h c s dng rng ri trn th
trng nh Oracle, Informix, Sybase, Foxpro, Access,..
Microsoft Access l mt h qun tr CSDL n gin, d s dng, rt thch hp cho cc
ng dng va v nh. Ti liu ny s trnh by v cc khi nim v cch s dng mt cch
cn bn h qun tr CSDL ny.
2
H QUN TR CSDL ACCESS
2.1
Tng quan v Access
V c bn, Access l mt h qun tr CSDL. Tng t cc sn phm khc thuc loi

ny, Access lu tr v thu thp cc thng tin (thng gi l d liu), hin th cc thng tin
yu cu v t ng ho cc thao tc c lp li (th d duy tr cc ti khon hoc mt h
thng thng tin c nhn, thc hin vic kim sot v lp bng kim k). Vi Access, ta c
th to ra cc biu nhp d liu d s dng. Ta c th hin th cc thng tin theo mun v
to cc bo co phc tp.
PT
IT
Access cng l mt ng dng CSDL mnh ca Windows, n l mt sn phm c

thit k h tr ngi pht trin hoc ngi dng cui. Bn cnh tnh tin dng v nht
qun ca Microsoft Window, Microsoft Access cng b sung thm tnh hiu qu trong
qun l CSDL. Do c Access v Window u l nhng sn phm ca Microsoft nn c hai
phi hp vi nhau hot ng rt tt. Access c kh nng chy trn nn Windows95,
Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows 2000 , do Access c mi li th ca Windows.
Ta c th ct dn, sao chp cc d liu t bt k mt ng dng no ca Windows vo
Access hoc ngc li. Ta cng c th to ra thit k biu mu trong Access v ct dn vo
thit k bo co.
Khi s dng cc i tng OLE (Object Linking and Embedding - Lin kt v nhng
i tng) trong cc sn phm ca Windows v Microsoft Office (nh Excel, Word,
PowerPoint v Outlook), ta c th m rng kh nng ca Access hp nht cc i tng
c th xem c ca cc sn phm Microsoft ny m khng cn phi sao chp ni dung
ca chng v dn vo Access. Kh nng ny cho php ta c th lm vic vi cc d liu
thc t c sn trong cc sn phm ny m khng cn phi sao chp thng tin. Bng cch s
dng OLE, ta c th thc s thay i cc thng tin trong i tng biu c s (nh Excel,
Word, v.v...). Vi cc m rng ca Internet trong Access, ta c th lp cc biu tng tc
vi cc d liu ly trc tip t cc trang Web WWW v c th trc tip chuyn cc biu ta
lp thnh cc trang truy cp d liu cho cc mng ni b hp nht lm vic trc tip vi
trnh duyt Internet ca ta.
L mt h qun tr d liu quan h, Access cho php ngi s dng cng lc c th truy
nhp cc thng tin t hai bng tr ln - thm ch c th lin kt cc bng CSDL lo lp
bng mi. Access c th lm gim tnh phc tp ca cc d liu v lm cho cng vic d
thc hin hn. C th ni cc bng Access ca ta vi cc d liu ca my tnh ln hoc
my ch - thm ch c th s dng mt bng c to trong cc chng trnh dBase hoc
3

Excel. C th d dng kt hp cc kt qu kt ni vi mt bng tnh trong Excel.
Kh nng kt ni ca Access vi cc d liu bn ngoi (lu gi trong cc dng CSDL
khc) lm cho Access tr thnh mt chng trnh rt thit thc. C th s dng Access
trong mt mi trng mng lin kt vi mt lot cc bng t cc CSDL khc - va
dng lin kt ni b (trn cng mt my) va lin kt xa (thm ch vi CSDL ca mt my
tnh ln nh Oracle hoc DB2). Access c th kt ni trc tip vi cc bng bn ngoi ny
hoc c th nhp v s dng ni b. Khi kt ni hoc nhp cc bng bn ngoi v, ta c
th to lp cc biu v cc bo co lm vic vi cc thng tin - thay i hoc xem hoc
in cc thng tin
2.2
Khi ng, ca s lm vic ca Microsoft Access
2.2.1 Khi ng Microsoft Access

Microsoft Access l h qun tr CSDL c ci t trn mi trng Windows nn ta c
th ci t v khi ng Access tng t nh khi ng cc chng trnh ng dng khc
nh Micrsoft Word, Excel C th khi ng theo cc bc nh sau:
PT
IT
Trn thanh Start m Program -> Microsoft Office -> Microsoft Access 2010
PT
IT
Khi hp thoi u tin xut hin trn mn hnh
IT
Hp thoi ny cho php chng ta chn cc hnh ng sau:
PT
o Blank database : To mi hon ton mt tp tin CSDL Access trng (tp tin
phn m rng l accdb - cha c d liu)
o
Blank web database:
Recent templates:
Sample templates:
My templates:
Open: M mt tp tin CSDL Access c to trc
2.2.2 Cc thnh phn trong ca s khi ng

Sau khi khi ng Microsoft Access, ca s ca Microsoft Access xut hin. Cc thnh
phn trong ca s ny gm:
a. Thanh Quick Access: Hin th bn tri thanh tiu , mc nh thanh Quick Access
gm cc nt cng c Save, Undo,
IT
Bn phi ca Quick Access cha nt Customize, khi c s d liu ang m, nu

click nt Customize s xut hin mt menu gip bn ch nh cc nt lnh hin th
trn thanh Quick Access, nu cc lnh khng c trong menu, bn c th kch vo nt
More Commands hoc kch phi trn thanh Quick Access chn Customize Quick
Access Toolbar.
PT
Kch vo More Commands.ca s hin ra nh sau:

b. Vng lm vic:
Khi khi ng Access, trong ca s khi ng, mc nh tab File v lnh New trong
tab File c chn, ca s c chia thnh 3 khung:
Khung bn tri gm cc lnh trong tab File
Khung gia: cha cc loi tp tin c s d liu m bn c th to mi.
Khung bn phi: nhp tn v chn v tr lu tp tin mi to v thc thi

lnh to mi c s d liu.
PT
IT
c. Thanh Ribbon: Thanh Ribbon c to bi nhiu tab khc nhau, nu truy cp vo

mt tab bn c th kch.
V d: m mt tp tin CSDL chng ta phi vo File ri chn Open.

d. Thanh Navigation Pane
Navigation Pane l khung cha ni dung chnh ca c s d liu. T khung
Navigation Pane, bn c th m bt k Table, Query, Form, Report, Macro, hoc
module trong c s d liu bng cch kch p vo tn ca i tng.
Bng cch kch phi vo tn ca i tng trong Navigation Pane, bn c th thc
hin cc thao tc vi i tng nh: i tn, sao chp, xa, import, export mt i
tng
8

Nhn phm F11 hoc kch vo mi tn kp gc trn bn phi ca khung
Navigation Pane hin th hoc n khung Navigation Pane.
Thanh
Thanhtiu
tiu
PT
Thanh quick access
IT
e. Thanh trng thi (Status bar): Th hin tnh trng hin hnh ca cc phm dc bit
CapsLock, Numlock), cc thng bo, hng dn s dng Microsoft Access .
Thanh ribbon
Thanh Navigation Pane
Thanh trng thi
Ni chung cc thao tc vi thanh cng c ging vi cc thanh cng c trong Winword

2.3
Cc thao tc i vi tp tin CSDL
To mt tp mi: Khi khi ng Access ti ca s khi ng th cng c th to nn

mt tp CSDL mi bng cch chn Blank Database t ca s khi ng ca Access.
Mt khc ti ca s Database c th lm nh sau: File -> New sau chn Database,
OK. Tip tc phi a tn tp vo ri chn Create.
9

M mt tp CSDL ca Acces tn ti trong my tnh: Chng ta cng c th m mt
tp CSDL tn ti trong Access ngay t mn hnh khi ng bng cch chn Open.Mt
khc ti ca s Database c th lm nh sau: File -> Open, chn Tn tp tin, OK
ng tp CSDL: Chn File -> Close hoc ng ca s
Thot khi Access: Chn File -> Exit.
2.4
Cc i tng bn trong tp tin CSDL Access:
Mt tp CSDL gm c 7 i tng c bn sau:

Bng (Table): L thnh phn c s ca tp tin CSDL ca Access, dng lu tr
d liu. H thng bng chnh l cu trc CSDL. Do y l d liu u tin phi c
to ra trc. Bn trong mt bng, d liu c lu thnh nhiu ct v nhiu hng
IT
Truy vn (Query): L cng c cho php ngi s dng dng ngn ng truy vn c
cu trc SQL (Structure Query Language) hoc cng c truy vn bng v d QBE (Query
by Example) thc hin cc truy vn rt trch, chn la d liu hoc cp nht d liu
(thm, sa, xa) trn cc bng. Truy vn bng th d l cng c h tr vic thc hin cc
truy vn m khng cn phi vit lnh SQL, m ch yu ch dng k thut ko - th trn c
s ha.Trong ti liu ny chng ti ch yu i vo truy vn QBE.
PT
Biu mu (Form): Cho php ngi s dng xy dng nn cc mn hnh dng

cp nht hoc xem d liu lu trong cc bng, ngoi ra cng cho php ngi s dng to ra
cc hp thoi hi p gia ngi s dng v h thng ng dng.
Bo co (Report): Cho php chng ta to ra kt xut t cc d liu lu trong
cc bng, sau sp xp li v nh dng theo mt khun dng cho trc v t c th
a kt xut ny ra mn hnh hoc my in hoc cc dng tp tin Word/ Excel.
Tp lnh (Macro): L cng c cung cp cho ngi s dng to ra cc hnh ng
n gin trong Microsoft Access nh m biu mu, bo co, thc hin mt truy vn m
khng cn phi bit g v ngn ng lp trnh Visual Basic.
B m lnh (Module): Vi ngn ng Visual Basic cho php ngi s dng xy
dng cc hm hoc th tc ca ring mnh thc hin mt hnh ng phc tp no m
khng th lm bng cng c tp lnh, hoc vi mc ch cho chng trnh chy nhanh hn.
Cc trang Web d liu (Pages): Cho php chng ta c th to ra cc trang Web
d liu m trn c cha d liu ng ly t mt CSDL no . Ngi s dng c th
cp nht d liu trc tip vo c s d liu thng qua trnh duyt Web (Microsoft Internet
Explorer) .
2.5
Lm vic vi ca s d liu trong Microsoft Access:
Ca s CSDL (ca s Database) l ca s lm vic chnh ca Microsoft Access, trn

ca s ny cho php ngi s dng to mi, hoc sa i hoc xa cc i tng c bn
trong tp tin CSDL Access bng cch chn cc dy nt dc v ngang
10

a. Cc thnh phn chnh trong ca s CSDL ca Microsoft Access
Cc nt i tng: Bng, Query, Form, Report, Macro. Moduls cho php chng ta
la chn mt loi i tng lm vic hin hnh trong ca s CSDL.
Cc nt hnh ng: Open, Design, New: cho php chng ta m, sa v to mi cc i
tng lm vic hin hnh (l i tng ang c chn trong danh sch cc i tng)
b. ng mt i tng ang m
Kch phi vo tn i tng ang m chn Close hoc nhp vo nt Close trn
ca s cha i tng.
c. Xa mt i tng
Chn i tng cn xa, chn Home ri n Delete, ri xc nhn li ng xa tht
khng (chn YES).
d. i tn mt i tng
e. n hoc hin ca s CSDL
IT
Chn i tng cn i tn trn thanh Navigation Pane, chn Rename, sau ghi vo
tn mi (Bm ESC tr li tn c trc )
n: Chn Window -> Hide
Hin: Chn Window -> Unhide (hoc nhn phm F11)

Lm vic vi cc i tng trong Access
PT
2.6
Trc khi bt tay vo xy dng cc bng, biu mu, cc bo biu v cc thnh phn
khc ca mt CSDL, ta cn phi b thi gian thit k chi tit. Mt thit k tt l cha kho
cho s thnh cng ca mi CSDL, n cho php ngi dng thao tc mt cch d dng,
chng trnh chy mt cch hiu qu v chnh xc.
2.6.1 Quy trnh thit k CSDL
2.6.1.1 Cc bc c bn thit k mt CSDL l:

1. Xc nh mc ch ca CSDL: CSDL dng lu tr thng tin g, cn rt ra nhng
thng tin g t CSDL.
2. Xc nh cc bng d liu, table, cn c trong CSDL: mt bng khng c cha
d liu trng lp, v thng tin cng khng nn b trng lp gia cc bng. Mi mt bng
ch nn cha thng tin lin quan n mt ch .
3. Xc nh cc trng d liu, field, cn c trong mi bng d liu: Mi bng cha
thng tin v cng mt ch th, mi trng ca mt bng li cha cc thng tin ring bit
v ch th . Ta ch nn ghi nhn cc thng tin cn thit t thc t, khng nn c cc
trng tnh ton - calculated field. Lu tr thng tin di dng chi tit nht c th (v d:
H, Tn ch khng nn H v Tn).
11

4. Xc nh cc trng cha gi tr duy nht mi bn ghi: Access kt ni c
cc thng tin lu tr trong cc bng ring bit . V d: kt ni cc khch hng vi n t
hng ca ngi . Mi bng cn phi c mt trng hoc mt nhm cc trng cha gi
tr duy nht dng phn bit gia cc bn ghi trong mt bng. Mt trng nh vy gi l
trng kho - Primary key.
5. Xc nh cc mi quan h gia cc bng: Ta ch ra cho Access cch tm kim
v a cc thng tin lin quan li tp hp vi nhau.
6. Tinh chnh thit k: Sau khi thit k, ta cn vn hnh th nghim CSDL m
bo cc chc nng cn c u thc hin sun s ng nh mong i. Nu pht hin nhng
thng tin g khng cn thit th ta nn loi b trnh s cng knh.
7. Nhp d liu v to cc i tng CSDL: Khi hi lng vi cu trc cc bng
biu v cc mi lin kt l lc phi nhp liu. Da trn d liu nhp ta c th d dng
xy dng cc biu mu, bo biu, truy vn phc v cng tc x l u vo v u ra
thng tin.
IT
8. S dng cng c phn tch ca Access: Access cung cp cng c Bng Analyzer
Wizard gip ngi dng phn tch thit k c v chnh sa chng.
2.6.1.2 To v qun l cc bng d liu (Table)
PT
Ni chung, mt bng d liu l tp hp cc d liu v mt ch nht nh (v d sn

phm, ngi bn). S dng mi bng ring cho mi i tng cho php ta lu d liu mt
cch r rng, hiu qa , trnh lu nhiu ln mt thng tin, gim thiu li nhp liu.
Bng t chc d liu theo ct (gi l trng - field), v theo hng (gi l bn ghirecord).
Ta dng mt trng chung lin kt hai bng. Vic ny cho php Access kt xut hin
th d liu t cc bn ghi cc bng d liu khc nhau c lin quan xem, sa, hoc in ra
Mi trng trong
bo co
bng sn phm cha
Bng: Sn phm
cng mt kiu thng
Tn Sn Phm
M nh cung cp S lng trong kho
tin cho tt c cc sn
Giy Vnh Phc
1
20
phm, nh s lng.
Giy Bi bng
2
50
Giy Indo
3
20
Trng d liu
chung lin kt d
liu t hai bng
Mi mt bn ghi cha tt c thng tin lin quan n mt

sn phm, nh l tn sn phm, m nh cung cp, s
lng trong kho ...
Bng: Nh cung cp
M nh cung
Tn nh cung cp
cp
1
Nh my giy Vnh
2
Nh my giy Bi Bng
3
Cng ty xut nhp khu hi phng
Bng: Sn phm
Tn Sn Phm
Nh cung cp 12 S liu trong kho
21
Nh my giy
Giy Vnh Phc
20 Bi Bng
Cng ty xut
32
Giy Bi Bng
50 nhp khu hi phng
Giy Indo
3
20
a. Thit k mt bng d liu

Cch 1: To bng d liu bng cch nhp d liu
1.
Chn ca s Database .
2.
Nhn Tables bn di Objects, ri chn New trong ca s Database.
3. Nhn p Datasheet View. Mt li d liu trng c hin th vi cc tn ngm

nh ca cc ct l Field1, Field2,...
4. i tn ct bng cch nhy p chut vo tiu cc ct Field1, Field2, ri nhp
vo tn mi..
IT
5. Nhp d liu vo li nhp liu, nh rng mi ct ch c nhp mt kiu d liu

duy nht t dng th nht n dng cui cng. Tc l, nu dng u d liu kiu s, kiu
ngy,... th cc dng tip theo ct d liu cng phi l kiu s, kiu ngy. Access s to
kiu d liu (data type) v dng hin th (display format) tng ng cho mi ct. Cc ct b
trng s b xo khi ta ghi li li nhp liu (DataSheet).
6. Chn Save trn thanh cng c ghi li mi thay i. Access s hi nu bn c
mun to mt m kho chnh cho bng va to (Primary key).
PT
Cch 2: T thit k bng d liu

Trnh t thit k
1.
Chuyn sang ca s CSDL. Ta c th dng phm F11 chuyn i gia cc ca
2.
Nhn Tables bn di Objects, ri New trong ca s Database.
3.
Nhn p chut vo Design View chn ch thit k.
4.
nh ngha cc trng ca bng.
5.
Thit lp trng kha Primary key trc khi ghi li thit k
s.
Lu : Khng nht thit phi xc nh trng kha, nhng nn to trng kha, v cn

c vo cc trng kha ny, v sau khi ta thit k cc truy vn, biu mu, bo biu, Access
s t ng xc nh cc lin kt cn thit kt ni d liu.
6. Nhn chut vo nt lnh Save
i, nhp vo tn ca bng.
trn thanh Quick Access ghi li mi thay
Ca s thit k
Trong ch thit k, ta c th thit k mt bng t u, hoc thm, xo, hoc sa i
theo s thch cc trng ca mt bng c. Trong ch ny, ca s giao din c cc
khu vc chnh di y:
13
PT
IT
Field Name - Tn trng: Nu ta mun theo di thm cc thng tin, hy b sung thm
cc trng mi. Nu tn ca mt trng c cha biu t ngha, ta c th i tn
trng.
Data types - Kiu d liu: Vic thit lp kiu d liu ca mt trng nh ngha kiu
d liu ta s nhp vo trng . (Kiu d liu: tnh cht ca mt trng m xc nh kiu
d liu no s c lu tr trong trng. V d, trng c thuc tnh Data type l Text c
th lu d liu dng ch hoc s, nhng mt trng Number ch c th cha d liu s).
Primary Key - Kho chnh: S dng mt m s duy nht, gi l kho chnh phn
bit mi mt bn ghi trong bng. Mt kho chnh ca bng dng tham chiu n cc
bn ghi lin kt trong cc bng khc. Kha chnh c th l mt hoc nhiu trng (ct) m
duy nht gi tr ca n c th dng phn bit cc bn ghi ca mt bng. Mt kho chnh
khng th cha gi tr rng - Null v phi l ch mc sp xp duy nht.
Field properties - Thuc tnh ca trng: Cc thuc tnh ca trng l tp hp cc
14

Cc kiu d liu ca mt trng:
S dng thuc tnh kiu d liu ch nh kiu d liu s c lu trong trng. Mi
trng ch c th cha thng tin ca mt kiu d liu.
Kiu d liu
Text
Memo
Number
Ti a 255 k t, quy
(Ngm nh) K t hoc t hp gia k
nh bi thuc tnh
t v ch s, hoc cng c th cha s
FieldSize (kch thc
khng cn tnh ton nh s in thoi.
trng).
Nhng on vn bn di
D liu s dngtrong cc php tnh
ton s hc.
Cc gi tr ngy thng hoc thi gian
tnh t nm 100 n nm 9999.
Currency
Kiu tin t. chnh xc n 15 s v

bn tri du phy v 4 ch s v bn phi
IT
Date/Time
PT
S theo th t tng dn, mi ln 1 n

v) hoc s ngu nhin do Access sinh ra
AutoNumber khi thm mt bn ghi mi phn bit
gia cc bn ghi trong mt bng.Trng
AutoNumber khng th b sa i..
Yes/No
Trng ch cha mt trong hai gi tr

(Yes/No, True/False, hoc On/Off).
OLE Object
Mt i tng (nh trang tnh Excel,

vn bn Word, hnh ho, m thanh) c
lin kt hoc nhng vo bng.
Hyperlink
Lookup
Wizard
Kch thc
M t
Lin kt
Ti a 65,535 k t
1, 2, 4, hoc 8 bytes
(16 bytes nu chn kiu s
l Replication ID).
8 bytes.
8 bytes.
4 bytes (16 bytes nu
thuc tnh FieldSize c
thit lp l Replication
ID).
1 bit.
Ti a 1 gigabyte (gii
hn bi khong cn trng
trn a)
Ti a 2048 k t
To ra mt trng m cho php ta nhp

Cng kch thc vi
liu bng cch chn gi tr t mt bng
trng kho dng thc
khc, hoc t mt danh sch cc gi tr.
hin thao tc tm kim.
Ta ch c th thit lp cc thuc tnh ny phn trn ca s thit k bng d liu (bng

Design view).
b. Chnh sa bng
Thm mt trng vo bng d liu trong ch thit k Design view:
15

1.
M bng ch Design view.
2.
Nhn dng mun chn thm ct,
nhn Insert Rows

tab Design trn thanh ribbon.
trong
3. Trong ct Field Name nhp tn

cho trng.
4. Trong ct Data Type, nhn vo
mi tn, chn kiu d liu t danh sch
5. Thit lp cc thuc tnh cho
trng.
6. Ghi li mi s thay i khi ng
thot.
Quy nh tnh hp l ca d liu trc khi lu
M bng ch Design view.
IT
1.
PT
2.
Nhn chut vo nt
trn thanh cng c hin th trang thuc tnh ca
bng. Trn dng Validation Rule, nhp vo quy tc xc nh tnh hp l ca d liu.
3.
Trn dng ValidationText, nh vo li thng bo khi d liu nhp vo vi phm
quy tc d liu. V d, Hng ch c th c giao sau 01 ngy tnh t ngy t hng
V d: Doanh nghip xc nh l hng
ch c th c giao n khch sm nht
l sau mt ngy. Vy quy tc xc nh
tnh hp l ca d liu l: [Hn giao hng]

>= [Ngy t hng] + 1 (hnh bn)
Nu ta nhp vo hn giao hng cng

ngy hoc trc ngy t hng, Access
hin th ngay li cnh bo (Validation
text).
16

To ch mc sp xp d liu
1.
M bng trong ch Design view.
2.
Nhn chut vo nt lnh Indexes
3.
Ti dng cn trng u tin trong ct Index Name, nh vo tn ca ch mc.
trn thanh cng c.
4.
Trong ct Field Name, nhn chut vo mi tn bn phi, chn trng dng lm
ch mc sp xp.
5.
Nu mun chn nhiu trng lm ch mc, ti dng tip theo trn ct Field
Name, chn trng tip theo (Lu ct Index Name b trng trn dng ).
To kha chnh PrimaryKey
IT
Lm li bc ny cho n khi c tt c cc trng mun c trong ch mc (ti a l

10 trng).
Mt trng c tnh cht kha l mt trng cha gi tr duy
PT
nht, khc nhau gia cc bn ghi, dng phn bit gia bn ghi
ny v bn ghi khc. thit lp tnh cht kha cho trng, m
ca s Indexes, nhn chut vo tn trng, chuyn thuc tnh
Primary v Unique thnh Yes.
To mt trng tm kim d liu t cc bng d liu khc
Khi nhp d liu cho mt n t hng, ta phi nhp vo tn khch hng. Nu thng tin
v khch hng c lu trong bng Khch hng th tt hn l ta tm m s ca
khch hng v nhp vo bng n t hng. Ta nn chn cch lm ny, v nu ta nhp
vo bng tay th rt d sai st. Khi nhp liu b li, Access s khng th nhn ra khch
hng.
lm c iu ny, khi thit k bng n t hng, ta phi lm nh sau :
- Nhn chut vo trng Khch hng, chn Lookup Wizard trong ct Data
type. Trong ca s sau hin ra tip theo, chn mc th nht. Nhn Next
tip tc
17
PT
IT
- Access hi chn bng no cha d liu cn tm. Chn bng Khch hng.
Nhn Next tip tc.
- Access hi gi tr ca trng no s c chn hin th. Nu ta chn

cng lc nhiu trng, ch trng trn cng s lu d liu vo trong bn ghi
mi. y ta chn 3 trng: M khch hng, Tn cng ty, v a ch.
18
PT
IT
- C tt c 3 ct tng ng vi 3 trng, nhng ta chn mc Hide Key

column du khng hin th trng kho. Nhn Next tip tc.
19
IT
PT
- Bc cui cng ta t tn cho trng : M Khch hng.
- Ghi li mi s thay i bng cch nhn chut ln nt lnh Save trn thanh cng c.
M bng n t hng ch nhp liu. Vi mi bn ghi bt k, khi ta cn nhp vo
mt khch hng, nhn chut vo mi tn bn phi ca ct Khch hng, mt danh sch
cc khch hng t trc n nay ca Doanh nghip hin ra gm 2 ct, ct Tn Khch hng
20

v ct a ch Khch hng. Nhn chut vo tn khch hng trn danh sch ny nhp d
liu vo trng.
IT
R rng vi cch thit k trng tm kim nh th ny, ta c th kim sot hon ton
qu trnh nhp liu, d liu nhp vo lun lun ng. Nu bn nhp vo tn mt khch
hng m cha c bng Khch hng, chng trnh s bo li. Hn na, d v mt hin
th, ct Khch hng bng n t hng hin th tn khch hng, nhng thc t ct ny li
lu gi tr M Khch hng. iu ny cho php gim kch thc ca CSDL v m khch
hng th ngn hn tn khch hng.
c. M mt bng d liu, nhp d liu vo bng
Trong ca s Database, click Tables di Objects.
2.
Chn tn ca Bng mun m.
PT
1.
3. m bng ch thit k, Design view, nhn Design trong thanh cng c ca

ca s Database.
4.
m bng trong khung nhn dng li, Datasheet, nhn Open.
S dng thanh cng c ca Trang d liu Datasheet
Sau khi thit k xong bng d liu , bm
chuyn dang ch nhp d liu.
Cc nt lnh thao tc chnh i vi mt bng trn thanh cng c Toolbar:
Ct, copy, dn d liu.

In, xem trc khi in mt bo co
Sp xp theo th t tng dn, gim dn
Lc d liu theo gi tr chn, theo form.
Tm kim thng tin, thay th bng thng tin mi.
21

Thm, xo mt bn ghi.
M hnh lin kt gia cc bng trong mt CSDL.
Lin kt vi cc ng dng Office khc.
Xo mt dng, mt bn ghi
Lp Kha chnh cho mt bng.
Ngoi ra:
-
thm mt trng d liu, chn Column trong menu Insert.

i tn mt ct d liu, nhy p mi tn chut ln tiu ct, nh vo
tn mi.
thay i th t ca mt ct, nhn tr chut vo ct , gi chut v ko

ct n v tr mi.
Mun giu i mt ct, dng chut chn ct , chn lnh Hide columns
trong menu Format.
Mun lun cho mt ct c hin th d cho ta cun mn hnh, dng lnh

Format\Freeze columns.
PT
IT
Mun thay i rng ca mt ct, mt dng:

Nhy p chut vo l ca ct thay i
chiu rng ca ct ng bng chiu rng
ca d liu
Nhn v gi tr chut, ko l ca dng,
ct thay i chiu cao, rng ca
dng hay ct .
2.6.1.3 To cc lin kt gia cc bng d liu

a. Ti sao li phi xc nh lin kt ?
Sau khi xy dng v nhp xong d liu vo cc bng, ta phi ch cho Microsoft
Access lm th no kt xut cc d liu. Bc u tin l lm iu l xc nh cc
mi lin kt, relationship, gia cc bng.
V d y, cc trng t 3 bng khc nhau (nhn vin,khch hng, bn hng ) c
tp hp li hin th ni dung ca cng mt ha n bn hng . S tp hp ny c thc
hin nh c cc lin kt gia cc bng.
22
Phan Th H- Khoa
CNTT1Kha
chnh Hc vin CNBCVT
Lin kt s tm kim cc
bn ghi c gi tr ging
nhau ti trng d liu
chung, thng thng l
gia trng c thuc tnh
kha chnh, v n cha gi
tr ID duy nht c trng
cho tng bn ghi, v mt
kho ngoi - Foreign key t bng khc.
Trng m nhn vin xut hin trong c hai

bng
Kha ngoi
b. Cc loi quan h
Quan h Mt Nhiu
PT
IT
V d, mi nhn vin c th lin kt n nhiu mt hng m nhn vin bn, bng

cch to relationship gia bng nhn vin v bng bn hng thng qua trng M nhn
vin
Mi quan h mt-nhiu l loi hnh ph bin nht ca lin kt. Trong lin kt ny, mt
bn ghi Bng A c th c nhiu bn ghi tng ng Bng B, nhng mi bn ghi Bng
B ch c mt bn ghi tng ng duy nht Bng A.
V d, bng nhn vin c lin kt mt-nhiu vi bng bn hng v mi nhn vin c th
bn nhiu hng, trong khi mt hng ch c th thc hin bi mt nhn vin.
Mt nhn vin
C th bn nhiu hng
23
Nhng mt hng ch c bn bi mt nhn vin
Quan h nhiu nhiu
Trong loi hnh ny, mt bn ghi Bng A c th c nhiu bn ghi tng ng Bng B
v ngc li. Quan h ny ch c th hin khi c mt Bng th 3 cha d liu t c hai
Bng A v Bng B.
V d, mi lin kt gia bng nhn vin v bng khch hng l nhiu - nhiu v nhn
vin c th bn cho nhiu khch hng v mi khch hng c th mua nhiu mt hng ca
nhiu nhn vin
Quan h mt mt
c. Xc nh lin kt
IT
Trong mi quan h loi ny, mi bn ghi Bng A ch c mt bn ghi duy nht tng
ng Bng B v ngc li. Dng quan h ny thng him, bi thng tin loi ny c th
lu lun vo mt bng chung..
PT
Xy dng lin kt bng cch thm cc bng c lin quan vo ca s Relationships

Window, ri ko trng kha t bng ny v th vo trng tng ng ca bng kia
Kiu lin kt Access to ra s da trn cc trng lin kt c xc nh :

-
Lin kt mt nhiu nu ch c mt trong cc trng lin kt l kho chnh

hoc c thuc tnh ch mc duy nht (unique index)
Lin kt mt mt nu c hai trng lin kt l kha chnh hoc c thuc

tnh unique indexes.
Lin kt Nhiu nhiu khi c mt bng th 3 c kha chnh bao gm hai

trng l kho ngoi (foreign key: mt hoc nhiu trng m tham chiu n
trng kha chnh ca cc bng khc) t hai bng kia.
24

2.6.2 Truy vn - Query
Nh ni trn, truy vn l cng c mnh ca Access cho php ngi s dng dng
ngn ng truy vn c cu trc SQL (Structure Query Language) hoc cng c truy vn
bng v d QBE (Query by Example) thc hin vic rt trch, chn la d liu hoc cp
nht d liu (thm, sa, xa) trn cc bng. C nhiu loi truy vn, thng dng nht l
Select query, ngoi ra cn c mt s loi khc nh: Update query, Append query, Delete
query, rosstab query
a. Quy trnh to mi mt query
Trong ca s Database, nhn Create chn Query Design nu mun t thit k truy vn,
chn Query Wizard nu mun Access t to ra cc truy vn cho mnh.
PT
IT
Nu ta chn Query Design, ca s Show Table hin ra yu cu ta chn cc bng cn

x l thng tin. Nhn p chut vo tn ca bng m ta ly cc bn ghi ca n lm c s.
Li thit k d
liu Datagrid
Chn cc bng
cha cc bn ghi
ta mun x l
Xc nh mi lin kt gia cc bng trong truy vn, nu c (Dng chut ko trng lin
kt gia hai bng t bng ny sang bng kia).
25
PT
hoc dng chut

chn tn trng t
danh sch
IT
Nhp p chut
chn tn trng
vo li thit k,
Ti dng Field, nhn vo mi tn bn phi ca ct lm hin ra danh sch cc trng

d liu (Field list),chn trng cn thit t danh sch. Hoc ta c th dng chut nhn p
vo tn trng hin ra pha trn, Access t ng chn trng vo li thit k
26
b. Cch thc chnh sa mt query

Thm mt bng hoc mt truy vn khc vo mt truy vn
1.
M truy vn ch Design view.
2.
Nhn Show Table
IT
PT
3. Trong hp thoi Show Tables, nhn tab lit k danh sch cc i tng cha d
liu ta cn lm vic. Nu bng ta cn li mt CSDL khc th phi lin kt bng vo
CSDL hin hnh trc.
4.
Nhn vo tn ca i tng ta mun thm vo truy vn.
5.
Nhn Add, ri Close.
2.6.2.1.1.1 Ch :
- C th thm bng hoc truy vn khc vo mt truy vn bng cch dng chut ko
bng hay truy vn t ca s Database vo ca s thit k ca truy vn (Design view).
-
Nu c nhiu bng hay truy vn trong mt truy vn, chng cn phi c kt ni.
a d liu t nhiu bng hoc truy vn vo mt truy vn
Khi thm nhiu bng hoc truy vn vo mt truy vn, ta cn kim tra trng chung gia
chng phi c kt ni vi nhau Access c th kt ni d liu.
Nu cc bng trong mt truy vn khng c kt ni vi nhau, trc tip hoc gin tip,
Access khng th xc nh c cc bn ghi no c kt ni vi cc bn ghi no, do
n hin th tt c cc t hp cc bn ghi (gi l mt "cross-product" hay "Cartesian
product") gia cc bng. V vy, nu mi bng c 10 bn ghi, kt qu ca truy vn trn c
s hai bng s cha 100 bn ghi (10*10). iu cng c ngha l truy vn cn nhiu thi
gian chy v thm ch s to ra cc kt qu v ngha.
Nu ta to cc quan h gia cc bng trong ca s Relationships, Access t ng
27

hin th ng lin kt khi ta thm cc bng vo truy vn trong ch Design view. Nu
chn duy tr tnh ton vn tham chiu, Access cng s hin th "1" trn ng kt ni
cho bit bng no l bn mt trong mi quan h mt - nhiu v du v hn bn bng
nhiu.
PT
IT
Nu cha bao gi to quan h, Access t ng to cc lin kt nu ta thm hai bng vo

mt truy vn v cc bng c mt trng cng tn, cha kiu d liu tng thch ln nhau,
v nu mt trong nhng trng lin kt c thuc tnh kha chnh. Biu tng mt v nhiu
khng c hin th trong trng hp ny, bi v ta khng chn duy tr tnh ton vn tham
chiu.
Kt ni mt nhiu
chn ton vn
tham chiu
Kt ni mt nhiu
khng chn ton vn
tham chiu
Chn cc bn ghi 2
bng m c gi tr
trng lin kt nh nhau
Cch thc hin cc tnh ton trong mt truy vn
C nhiu kiu tnh ton trong mt truy vn: tnh tng, tnh trung bnh gi tr ca mt
trng, nhn gi tr ca nhiu trng, Kt qu hin th da trn d liu hin ti c lu
trong cc bng, v Access s chy li cc tnh ton khi ta m mt truy vn, v vy kt qu
lun phn nh s liu mi nht.
tnh ton, ta c th s dng cc hm do Access cung cp hoc cc hm do ta t vit
ra. S dng cc hm c sn, c gi l hm tnh tng - totals calculation, nu ta mun
tnh ton trn mt nhm hoc ton b cc bn ghi. Cc hm ny bao gm sum, average,
count, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, hoc variance. Lu ch chn mt hm
tnh tng cho mi trng ta cn x l s liu, trong dng Total trong li thit k.
28

Trong li thit k, ta c th ch ra cc tiu chun hn ch nhm cc bn ghi s c
tnh ton.
Mt tnh ton tu chn cho php ta tnh ton cc gi tr dng s, ngy thng v k t
da trn cc s liu t mt hoc nhiu trng, v d tnh tin thu, tng tin tr, lm
c iu ny, ta phi to trng tnh ton, calculated field, ngay trong li thit k, bng
cch nhp vo biu thc vo mt Field cn trng trong li thit k truy vn.
V d:
Tnh tng s n v sn phm cn trong kho bng cch cng hai trng S lng sn
phm cn trong kho v S lng sn phm t hng sp nhp kho:
Sum([SLgKho]+[SLgHg]).
Ta cng c th dng Update query sa i ng lot gi tr cho mt trng, v d
tng ng lot 5% gi bn cc sn phm.
V d:
PT
Ta thit k nh sau:
IT
khen thng nhn vin giao dch, Gim c mun bit thnh tch bn hng m h
thc hin c. Khi , phng bn hng phi lit k chi tit tng hp ng bn hng m
mi nhn vin thc hin c. Thng tin th hin bao gm Tn nhn vin, M n t
hng, tng gi tr hng bn trong n t hng (khng tnh tin vn chuyn).
Ct th 3 l mt trng tnh ton. Trng ny c t tn l Tng Doanh s, vi

biu thc tnh ton l:
[S lng]*[n gi]*(1-[Chit khu])
m bo thng nht kch thc ca kt qu, ta dng hm CLng (convert long) nhm
mc ch chuyn i d liu kiu s sang loi Long Integer.
29

Clng([S lng]*[n gi]*(1-[Chit khu]))
Ta mun tnh tng gi tr ca hp ng, vy nn dng hm Sum:
Sum(Clng([S lng]*[n gi]*(1-[Chit khu])))
Kt qu khi chy truy vn s
nh sau:
PT
IT
y ta thy nhn vin mang m NV01 bn c 2 hp ng, s 1 v s 5, vi gi tr

mi hp ng l $600 v $ 1.500.
n y, Gim c mun tng kt mi nhn vin t c doanh s bn hng l bao

nhiu:Yu cu ny c ngha l, ng ta khng quan tm n c nhn mi n t hng (m,
ngy thng, s lng mi loi sn phm,), m ch quan tm n tng tin hng cng dn
m nhn vin bn c.
Thc hin yu cu ny, ta n gin l ch b i trng MHg trong li thit k
trong truy vn va to pha trn: dng con chut nhn vo thanh tiu ca ct , ct
chuyn sang mu en, bm phm Delete.
Kt
qu
th
hin
nh
hnh:
30
Tuy vy, ta cng c

cch nh sau:
Clng([S
lng]*[n
gi]*(1[Chit khu])) trong
dng Field, chn Sum
trong dng Total. Kt
qu cho ra ging ht
trn.
IT
nh vo biu thc:
c. Cc truy vn hnh ng - Action query
PT
Truy vn hnh ng l mt loi truy vn m c tc ng thay i n rt nhiu bn ghi

ch trong mt ln thc hin. C 4 kiu truy vn hnh ng:
-
Truy vn xo: Delete
Truy vn sa : Update
Truy vn b sung (thm bn ghi): Append
Truy vn to bng: Make-table
Delete query:
Xo mt nhm cc bn ghi t mt hoc nhiu bng.

V d: Xo tt c cc n t hng ca khch hng c m s l ALFKI.
Cc bc thit k c m t nh hnh di.
- Nhn Create, chn Query Design, chn bng n t hng vo trong li thit k.
Nhn vo biu tng chn Action query, chn Delete Query.
- Nhn p vo du * trong bng n t hng. Hnh ng ny s chn tt c cc
trng ca bng vo trong li thit k.
31

- Nhn p vo dng M Khch
hng trong bng n t hng. Ti
dng Criteria, nh vo cng thc:
=[Tn khch hng cn xo].
IT
- Nhn vo nt
chy truy
vn. Khi Access chy truy vn ny, n
t ng a ra mt ca s hi ta Tn
khch hng cn xo l g?. Ta g vo
ALFKI, nhn OK
PT
- m bo trnh ri ro, Access s hi ln cui nu ta mun xo cc bn ghi ny.

Nhn Yes nu ng xo, Cancel nu hu lnh.
n y, khi ta nhn Yes, 1 bn ghi c M khch hng = ALFKI s b xo.
Update query:
Thc hin cc thay i v mt tng th n mt nhm cc bn ghi ca mt hoc nhiu

bng. C ngha l dng chnh sa d liu ca cc trng trong mt hoc nhiu bng
Cc bc tin hnh:
-
Chn cc bng truy vn/ngun
Chn menu Design trong nhm Query Type chn Update
Ko cc trng cn sa v cc trng dng lp iu kin vo hng Field.
Ch : cng mt trng c th l trng cn sa, va l trng iu kin

- t biu thc vo Update To ca cc trng cn sa. Gi tr ca cc biu thc s
l gi tr mi ca cc trng ny
-
t cc biu thc iu kin vo cc Criteria ca cc trng iu kin
Ghi thit k v t tn cho truy vn

32

-
Thc hin truy vn.
Kt qu: Mt s trng s c chuyn i theo nh thit k
Make-table query
Make-table query to mt bng mi t mt phn hoc tt c d liu cha trong mt

hoc nhiu bng. Make-table query thng c dng to bn lu s liu, to bng
cha tt c cc bn ghi c trc khi xo chng ra khi CSDL hin ti.
Quy trnh:
- To mt truy vn, chn cc bng hoc truy vn cha cc bn ghi ta mun c trong
bng mi.
- Trong Design view, nhn vo mi tn bn cnh nt lnh Query Type
thanh Ribbon, nhn Make Table. Hp thoi Make Table xut hin.
-
trn
Trong hp Table Name, nhp vo tn ca bng ta mun to.
IT
- Nhn Current Database to bng mi trong CSDL hin thi ang m; hoc nhn
Another Database v nh vo tn ca CSDL ta mun lu bng mi. nh vo tn ng
dn nu cn.
Nhn OK.
PT
- Ko cc trng mun c trong bng mi t field list vo khung thit k truy vn

(design grid).
-
Nhp vo tiu chun trong Criteria.
Xem kt qu ca bng mi trc khi to n, nhn View
Mun quay li thit k tip, nhn View

-
Nhn Run
Lu :
trn thanh Ribbon.
trn thanh Ribbon
Bm CTRL+BREAK ngt qu trnh to bng mi khi ang chy.
D liu trong bng mi c to s khng k tha cc thuc tnh ca bng gc.
Append query:
Thm cc bn ghi t mt bng vo mt bng khc

Quy trnh:
-
To mt truy vn cha cc bn ghi m ta mun thm vo bng khc.
- Trong ca s Design view, nhn mi tn bn cnh Query Type

cng c, nhn Append. Hp thoi Append xut hin.
-
trn thanh
Trong hp Table Name, nhp tn ca bng m ta mun thm cc bn ghi vo.

33

- Nhn Current Database, nu bng trong database hin hnh; hoc nhn Another
Database v nh vo tn ca database ni bng ang c lu. nh vo ng dn nu
cn thit.
- Ta cng c th nhp ng dn ti mt CSDL Microsoft FoxPro, Paradox, hoc
dBASE.
-
Nhn OK.
- Dng chut li t danh sch cc trng vo li thit k cc trng m ta mun

thm vo bng khc v cc trng m ta mun ly lm tiu chun chn la cc bn ghi.
- Nu tt c cc trng ca hai bng c cng tn nh nhau, ta n gin ch cn li
du (*) vo li thit k.
- Nu cc trng ta va chn c cng tn c hai bng, Access t ng in tn
tng ng vo dng Append To. Nu khng, ta phi t nhp vo tn ca cc trng ca
bng m ta mun thm bn ghi ti vo trong dng Append To.
Trong Criteria, ch r tiu chun ca cc bn ghi c la chn.
kim tra cc bn ghi trc khi chy query, nhn vo View
IT
c. quay tr li Design view, nhn ln na View

Nhn Run
V d:
thc hin truy vn.
PT
trn thanh cng
Nhn dp 10 nm ngy thnh lp Doanh nghip, Gim c quyt nh s gi th cm n

n tt c cc khch hng ti H ni.. B phn Tin hc nghin cu xem xt d liu, nhn
thy tt c cc thng tin v khch hng c lu hai bng, mt tn l Khch hng cha
cc thng tin lin quan n cc khch hng ca doanh nghip t nm 1999, mt tn l
Khch hng c cha cc thng tin lin quan n cc khch hng ca Doanh nghip t trc
nm 1999. Thc hin nhim v, B phn Tin hc khi s phi kt xut t hai bng cc
bn ghi m trng a ch c gi tr l H ni vo mt bng th ba tn l Th khuyn mi.
H to ra mt bng mi c tn l Th khuyn mi, trong cha tt c cc bn ghi ca cc
khch hng c tr s ti H ni.
34

Bc 1: To query Make-table da
trn bng Khch hng. Ch ra cc
trng m ta mun c trong bng
mi. Xem hnh.
thc hin truy vn. ng li truy vn ny li.
PT
Bc 3: Nhn Run
IT
Bc 2: Chn Make-table query t

trong danh sch Action Query. Trong
hp thoi Make table, nh vo Th
cm n ri nhn OK.
Bc 4: To mt Append query da trn bng Khch hng c. Nhn New trong ca s

Database, chn Design view, chn bng Khch hng c t danh sch cc bng.
Dng chut li
cc trng Tn cng
ty, Ngi i din,
a ch, Tnh thnh,
in thoi vo trong
li thit k (xem
hnh). Trong ct
cha trng Tnh
thnh,
ti
dng
Criteria nh vo
H ni.
35

Bc 5: Chn kiu
Append query, trong hp
thoi Append, nhp vo Th
cm n trong mc Table
Name.
Bc 7: Nhn Run
IT
Bc 6: Kim tra li trc khi chy query. Nhn View. Nu cc bn ghi c lit k
ng theo yu cu t ra, chuyn sang bc tip.
thc hin truy vn. ng li truy vn ny li.
PT
n y b phn tin hc lc xong d liu. Vic in th, bao gm phong b v l th,

cho tng khch hng s bng cch hoc l t ng dng tnh nng Mail-merge trong
Microsoft Word, hoc l s dng Report trong Microsoft Access.
d.X l mt s tnh hung (thng qua v d)
Tnh hung 1
Bo co tng doanh s bn ca tng sn phm, lit k theo danh mc ca sn phm

v theo tn, th t tng dn.
Gii php:
- Do sp xp theo danh mc sn phm v tn ca sn phm, vy nn trong truy vn ta
phi c hai bng Danh mc hng v Sn phm nhm ly gi tr ca hai trng Tn danh
mc v Tn sn phm hin th.
- Doanh s ca mt sn phm trong mt n t hng l bng s lng nhn vi n
gi bn. D liu ny c lu trong bng n t hng chi tit nn phi a n vo li
thit k. tnh tng doanh s, ti dng Field nhp vo biu thc: n gi ta phi dng
hm Sum ti dng Total ca li thit k.
36
IT
- Nhm sp xp, ta chn

Ascending ti dng Sort.
PT
- Sau khi thit k xong,

nhn View xem kt qu.
Tnh hung 2
Bo co tng doanh s bn ra ca mi danh mc hng.

Gii php:
vn.
V cn c tn danh mc hng nn phi a bng Danh mc hng vo trong truy
- Doanh s bn c tnh t bng n t hng chi tit, bng cch nhn gi tr ca

hai trng n gi v S lng. Ta dng hm Sum tnh tng ca n.
- V hai bng Danh mc hng v bng n t hng chi tit khng c trng no
chung lin kt, vy phi a vo mt bng trung gian c cha trng chung vi c hai
bng trn, l bng Sn phm: trng M sn phm chung vi n t hng chi tit v
trng M danh mc chung vi bng Danh mc hng.
-
Xc lp mi quan h gia cc bng.
37

Cch thit
k ging trng
hp trn, nhng b
i ct ca trng
Tn sn phm.
-
- Nhn View
xem kt qu
Tnh hung 3
Gii php:
IT
Lit k doanh s tt c cc n t hng hon thnh gia hai ngy no .
- Tt c cc thng tin v mi mt ln bn hng c lu trong hai bng n t hng

v n t hng chi tit, do ta s a hai bng ny vo trong li thit k. Thit lp mi
quan h gia hai bng ny.
PT
- Mt khi n t hng hon thnh th trng Ngy giao hng s phi cha gi tr
ngy thng, bng khng s l gi tr trng. V vy, chn trng Ngy giao hng lm thng
tin u tin. gii hn ch cho nhng n hng gia hai ngy nht nh, ta nhp vo cng
thc: Between [Ngy bt u] And [Ngy kt thc] trong dng Criteria. Ly thm trng
M n t hng. To thm thng tin v Doanh s hng bn (xem hnh). Khi chy truy
vn ny, Access s khng bit [Ngy bt u] v [Ngy kt thc] l g, v vy n coi l
mt bin s, v do s hin th mt ca s hi gi tr ca cc bin s ny.
38
IT
Nhn nt Datasheet View xem kt qu hin th.
... sau hi ngy kt thc
PT
u tin, Access s hi ngy bt u
kt qu truy vn hin th cc bn
ghi nh hnh bn.
e. S dng cc biu thc chn lc bn ghi

Nu mun truy vn hin th theo iu kin no th trn hng Criteria a vo
iu kin hay biu thc chn lc ca cc trng ti ct ca trng
Lc cc bn ghi theo biu thc chn:
Ta c th dng cc ton t sau y la chn cc bn ghi.

39

2.6.2.1.1.2
V d
ngha
n
t
<
< #1/1/1999#
Trc ngy 1/1/1999
>
> 102
Ln hn 102
<=
<= #1/1/1999#
Trc v trong ngy 1/1/1999
>=
>= 102
Ln hn hoc bng 102
<>
<> #1/1/1999#
Khc ngy 1-1-1999
= 1000; = #1/1/99#
Bng
Between
#1/1/2000#
Like H ni
Like
#1/1/199#
and
T ngy 1-1-1999 ngy 1-12000
IT
Betwee
nand
Bng H ni
Cc k t thay th (Wild character)
PT
Khi thit k mt truy vn, i khi ta mun tm kim theo mt khun dng linh hot ch
khng phi c nh. V d Ta mun tm tt c cc khch hng c tn bt u bng ch
H, Khi , ta dng k t thay th vi t kho Like hoc not like.
K t
ngha
Thay th mt s bt k cc k t
Thay th mt k t ti v tr ? xut hin
Thay th mt k t s ti v tr # xut hin
[]
Thay cc k t bt k trong ngoc vung
!
-
Thay th k t bt k ngoi tr k t sau du than

trong ngoc vung
T k t n k t
V d:
Biu thc
Cc gi tr c th c
Like H?ng
Hng, Hng, Hng,
Like L*ng
Long, Ling, Levering,

40

Like *th
128th, Smith, Breath,
Like *on*
condinments, confection, congress,
Like 10/*/2000
Tt c ngy mng 10 cc thng
Like 1#23
1123, 1223, 1323,
Like H[]ng
Hng, Hng, nhng khng c Hng,
Like Sm[!au]th
Khc vi Smath v khc Smuth
Like X[1-9]BC
X1BC, X2BC,X9BC
Like X[a-c]BC
XaBC, XbBC, XcBC
Tm lc cc bn ghi c hoc khng c gi tr
Nu mun chn cc bn ghi c gi tr ca mt trng no l rng, thm t kho IS

NULL vo dng iu kin Criteria. Ngc li ta dng IS NOT NULL.
IT
V d:
Trng
Ngy chuyn hng ngha
Bng
n t hng
Tm nhng n t hng no vn cha chuyn

hng i.
is null
Trng
Ngy chuyn hng ngha
Bng
n t hng
PT
Criteria
Criteria
is not null
Tm nhng n t hng no giao xong hng cho

khch ( hon thnh hp ng).
Lc cc bn ghi c cha gi tr thuc mt tp hp no
Dng ton t IN (danh sch cc gi tr).

Trng
Ngy t hng
M
hng
Bng
n t hng
Lit k nhng ngy trong thng

1 nm 2000 m 3 khch hng c
tn l Long, Hng hoc l Dng

IN
(Long, n t hng ti doanh nghip.
Hng, Dng)
Criteria
Like
#*/01/2000#
Khch
Khch hng
41
ngha

f)Cc hm thng dng khi thit k mt truy vn
Left(chui, n) : Hm ny dng ct ra n k t k t pha bn tri ca mt chui k t.
C php: Left(chui, s_k_t_s_ly)
V d: Khi trao i nghip v trn mng, mi bu cc c gn cho mt tiu tn.
Tiu ny bao gm hai phn, phn u l phn m s bu chnh v phn tip l tn bu
cc. V d, trn cc n phm nghip v, ngi ta tham chiu n Bu cc Nguyn Tri
thuc c s o to H ng bng tiu 31103 Nguyn Tri. Quy tc nh s hiu cho
mt bu cc trn mng l:
di m s tng cng: 5 ch s.
2 k t u: M tnh.
3 k t sau: S hiu ca bu cc trong mng ni tnh.
IT
Vy, lc ra cc bu cc thuc Bu in H ni, c m vng l 10, t trong bng Ti

gi i n, ta c th thit k mt truy vn c cu trc nh sau:
Field
=LEFT(M Bu cc, 2)
Bu cc nhn ti gi
Bng
Ti gi i n
Ti gi i n
Show
PT
Sort
= 10
Criteria
Right():Dng hm Right(chui, n) trch ra n k t, tnh t phi sang, t chui k t

cho trc.
Gi s trong bng Bu cc c cc m bu cc sau: 10103 A, 15201 B, 30101 C, 28201
D.
Dim sMaxBwucucj as string
sMaxBwucucj=Inputbox(Nhp vo m bu cc)
Msgbox M s ni tnh ca Bu cc l & Right(sMaxBwucucj,3)
Mid(chui, n, m):Trch ra t chui m k t, k t v tr n.

Trim(chui):Loi b du cch hai u chui k t.
DatePart(Datepart, DateExpr):Th hin cc gi tr kiu ngy thng. Trong cc gi
tr ca Datepart l:
Datepart
ngha
V d
Tr v
[Ngy t hng] = #19-07-2001#

42

[Gi n] = 19:07':20''
d
Ngy
DatePart("d", [Ngy t hng])
19
Thng
DatePart("m", [Ngy t hng])
yyyy
Nm
DatePart("yyyy", [Ngy t hng])
2001
Qu
DatePart("q", [Ngy t hng])
ww
Tun
DatePart("ww", [Ngy t hng])

DatePart("w", [Ngy t hng])
Ngy
trong tun
Gi
DatePart("h", [Gi n])
19
Pht
DatePart("n", [Gi n])
Giy
DatePart("s", [Gi n])
20
IT
Sum(biu thc):Tnh tng ca biu thc. Biu thc y c th ch l mt trng, cng

c th l cng thc cng tr nhn chia ca nhiu trng.
Count: m cc gi tr ca mt trng d liu trong mt bng.
2.6.3
Biu mu nhp liu (FORM)
PT
a. Khi nim biu mu
Mt biu mu - Form - l mt giao din dng ca s cho php ngi s dng xy dng
nn cc mn hnh dng cp nht hoc xem d liu lu trong cc bng, ngoi ra cng cho
php ngi s dng to ra cc hp thoi hi p gia ngi s dng v h thng ng dng.
Vic cha c mt t trong ting Vit chnh xc biu t ht ngha ca khi nim
Form khin cc chuyn gia tin hc khuyn ngi dng nn s dng chnh t gc khng
dch. K t y tr i, t Form s c s dng v trong mi trng Access, tt c cc t
kho u bng ting Anh; vic dng t gc gip ngi dng lm quen vi chng trnh
nhanh hn l vic dng t Vit ho do trnh c vic phi dch xui ri li dch ngc.
Mi lin kt gia form v ngun d liu ca n c th hin bng cc i tng c
giao din ha, c gi l iu khin. Kiu iu khin c s dng thng thng nht
hin th v nhp liu l hp vn bn.
Cc khung nhn ca form
Mt Form c ba khung nhn:
43
Design view - thit k, Form view - dng ca s v Layout view - dng li d liu.
Ban u, lc thit k form ta dng ch thit k (Design).
PT
IT
Nhm Control cho php thm cc

iu khin vo form
Nhm Themes thay i

font ch, kiu nt khung, cc
hiu ng mu sc,...
Vng Detail
cho php hin th
cc iu khin d liu
Thc o t cc iu khin vo
ng v tr mong mun, cn hng,...
Thit k xong form d liu, chuyn sang dng Form view hoc Datasheet dng hin th
44
PT
IT
d liu.
Cc khu vc trn mt form
Form Header: Khu vc trn cng ca mt Form. Thng thng ngi ta s dng khu
vc ny lm ni hin th dng tiu ca Form.
Form Footer: Khu vc nm ngang di cng ca Form. Khu vc ny thng cha cc
nt lnh hnh ng nh In, Lc d liu, Tm kim, M mt Form mi...
Detail: Phn chi tit ca form. Ni dung ca tt c cc trng (field) ca mt bng d
45

liu (bng) s c hin th y. Cc i tng khc nh hnh v, bng tnh, i tng
lin kt OLE cng c hin th phn ny. Ngi ta gi chung tt c cc i tng ny l
cc iu khin control.
Page Header: Khi s dng ngt trang - Page break - trong mt form, ta s dng khu vc
ny hin th mt thanh tiu nh nhau cho tt c cc trang ca mt form.
Page Footer: Khi s dng ngt trang - Page break - trong mt form, ta s dng khu vc
ny duy tr s hin th nht qun cho tt c cc trang ca mt form.
b. Thit k form: Trong Access c 2 cch chnh thit k Form
- To Form dng Form Winzard: y l cch nhanh chng d c th to c mt
form nhp d liu cho cc bng d liu trn mt CSDL. Cch ny d lm nhng kt qu
ca n khng c tt lm, thng th phi chnh sa nhiu th mi c Form theo nh
mun ca ngi s dng
1.
2.
To mi form bng wizard
Trong ca s Database, chn Create trong nhm Forms chn Form Wizard
PT
IT
- Thit k Form dng Design View: y l cch to Form chuyn nghip. Cch ny c
nhiu bc phc tp i hi nhiu n kinh nghim v trnh ca ngi lp trnh. Nhng
kt qu lm ra lun p ng c cc yu cu kht khe nht ca ngi s dng
Hp thoi Form Wizard xut hin nh hnh v.
46
PT
IT
3.
Chn tn bng cn to Form nhp d liu mc Tables/Queries. Sau Add
(thm) cc trng cn nhp d liu ln form t danh sch Available Fields: bng nt> :
4.
Chn kiu canh l cc i tng trn form:chng ta c th chn mt trong cc
kiu di, nhng tt nht hy dng kiu Columnar:
47
Nhp tiu cho form
PT
5.
IT
6.
Chn Finish kt thc qu trnh to form:

Thit k form theo nhu cu (To Form ch Design View)
48

Trc khi thc hin thit k ta cng phi thc hin bc 1 v bc 2 phn to mi
form bng wizard sau la chn ch Design View ri s dng cc phm chc nng,
hp cng c to Form :
Hp cng c to Form (Controls)
hin th hp cng c vo Design chn nhm Controls.
Hp cng c c dng nh sau :
ngha cc nt:
1. Select Objects: Chn i tng
hoc tnh ton
IT
2. Label: Dng to mt nhn cha vn bn hng dn
3. Option Group: Dng to mt nhm t ng

4. Option Button: Dng to mt nt la chn
PT
5. Combo box: Dng to mt danh sch la chn
6. Command Button: Dng to nt lnh khi kch vo s honh thnh mt nhim

v
7. Unbound Objects Freme: B sung vo biu mu mt i tng OLE

8. Page Break: Cho my in bit bt u mt trang mi
9. Subform/Subreport: B sung mt biu mu ph vo biu mu chnh
10. Rectangle: To mt hnh ch nht
11. Control Wizard: Bt tt ch Control Wizard
12. T ext Box: To mt hp vn bn
13. Toggle Button: To mt nt thay i t On sang Off
14. Check Box: To mt hp kim tra
15. List Box: To mt hp lit k qua c th chn la mt gi tr
16. Image: Hin th ha trn form
17. Bound Objects Frame: Hin th ni dung mt trng OLE
18. Tab Control: Chn mt iu khin Tab
49

19. Line: V mt ng thng
20. More Controls: Kch vo nt ny s m ra danh sch cc iu khin khc c th
c thm vo h thng
Thit k mu biu bng hp cng c:
-S dng Textbox hoc Fields list thit k.Ta thc hin cc bc sau:
- Ti ca s Database: Trn thanh Ribbon ta chn Create, trong nhm Forms chn
Form Design.
- Xut hin Form trng ch Design View
- To tiu form
Kch phi chut ln Form chn Form Header/Footer
Kch chut vo nt (lable) trn nhm lnh Controls v a chut ra vng Form
Header, g tiu ( v d : Phiu chi tit bn hng)
IT
- Thit k cc trng
Trn thanh Ribbon nhm lnh Tools kch chut vo Add Existing Fields
Ko cc trng cn thit t hp thoi vo phn Detail ca form
PT
- Ca s thit k form nh sau:
- Chn File/Save lu biu mu ny

- ng ca s thit k li. Nu mun chy 1 Form va to th t ca s Database trong
thanh Navigation Pane kich phi chut vo tn Form, ri chn Open .
50

S dng Combo Box v check Box :
Nh gii thiu trn. Hp Combo Box c dng to danh sch la chn
cho mt d liu cho 1 trng bt k. Hp CheckBox c dng chn la gi tr Yes
hoc No cho trng c kiu logic.
IT
Gi s chng ta c CSDL sau:
Gi s bng ngun Nhn vin c d liu

Yu cu:
PT
To mt form cho php nhp danh sch bn hng nh sau:
Khi nhp d liu th trng M nhn vin c php la chn gi tr t mt danh

sch c sn.
51

Trnh t thit k nh sau:
To form mi, dng bng Bn hng lm ngun d liu cho Form
Tt chc nng Control Wizard trong nhm lnh Controls trn thanh Ribbon
Ko cc trng ( khng phi trng MNV) t hp Field List t vo mt v tr
trn form
To ComboBox nhp m nhn vin cho trng M nhn vin bng cch la
chn gi tr t danh sch c t bng Nhn vin:
- Chn nt Combo Box trn nhm lnh Controls trn thanh Ribbon.
- Ko trng MaNV t hp Field List t vo v tr trn form. Kt qu Access to
mt combo box thuc vo trng M nhn vin
- M bng thuc tnh ca ComboBox va to cho trng M nhn vin ( click
chut phi vo ComboBox va to). Thit lp mt s thuc tnh nh sau
Control Source: M nhn vin
IT
Row soruce type:Table/Query
Row soruce: Nhn vin(tn bng/truy vn cn ly d liu)

Column Count: 2 (s ct trong bng/ truy xn c hin th tnh t tri
sang phi)
PT
Bound Column: 1 (ct c chn nhn d liu, y ta chn ct M

nhn vin, cc ct khc ng vai tr hin th).
S dng command button:
Nh gii thiu trn Command Button to nt lnh m khi kch vo s honh thnh
mt nhim v. C th c th s dng nt lnh chy 1 query hoc 1 form bt k
S dng Nt lnh nh sau:
Nhn chut chn nt lnh Control Wizard trn
nhm lnh Controls ca thanh Ribbon.
Chn nt Command Button trn nhm lnh

Controls ca thanh Ribbon, nhn tr chut vo v tr ni
nt lnh s c nh v.
Ca s Command Button Wizard hin ra. Trong ca s ny, Categories
phn loi cc nhm hnh ng, Action lit k cc hnh ng thuc mi mt
nhm hnh ng bn Categories. V d: nu mun nt lnh ny m mt
52

Form(hoc query) c th ta chn Form Operations (Miscellaneous) bn
Categories, tip chn hnh ng Open Form (run query) bn Action. Nhn
Next tip tc.Tng t ta c th chn Close Form nu mun ng Form
PT
IT
Chng trnh
hi: Bn mun nt
lnh m Form (hoc
query) no ?, ta
chn Form( query)
cn m bng cch
nhn chut vo tn
Form(query) trong
danh sch cc
Form( query) .
Nhn Next tip
tc.
Chn mt trong hai la chn.
La chn : m Form( query) v hin th ch mt s bn ghi c th;

La chn : hin th tt c cc bn ghi.
Nhn Next tip

tc
53
PT
IT
Ti bc cui cng, ta c th chn nt lnh c hnh nh (Picture) hoc c li

ch dn (Text).
Nu chn Picture,
ch ra hnh nh
mun c. Nt lnh
s c dng
Nu chn Text, nh nhn cho nt vo

dng trng ( vd l n t hng). Nt lnh
s c dng
Bc tip theo, ta
t tn cho nt
lnh(v d n t
hng) ri chn
Finish. Chuyn sang
ch View xem
kt qu
Thay i kch thc cc khu vc trn mt Form
C th tng hoc gim chiu cao, rng tng vng ca form v report. Khi thay i
rng ca mt vng, ta thay i rng ca ton b form hoc report.
54

1. M form (hoc report) ch Design
view.
2. Thay i chiu cao hoc rng bng cch
t con tr vo l di hoc l phi ca vng.
IT
3. Nhn gi v ko chut ln xung thay

i cao, tri - phi thay i rng. thay
i c rng v chiu cao, t con tr chut vo
gc di bn phi v ko theo ng cho theo
hng m rng.
Chnh sa cc iu khin trn form
Ta c th di chuyn, i kch thc, cn hng cc iu khin trn form.
PT
1. chn mt iu khin: click chut vo iu khin . Nu mun chn nhiu iu

khin cng mt lc th ng thi gi phm SHIFT v click chut vo cc iu khin.
Chn iu khin
2. Khi ta chn mt iu khin, dng con chut ko r khung ca iu khin thay i

kch thc ca n Thay i kch thc iu khin
3. Di chut hin ra hnh bn tay, gi v r chut chuyn v tr cho cc iu khin.

Dch chuyn iu khin v nhn
4. Nu mun ch di chuyn v tr ca mt trong hai, iu khin hoc nhn, di chut vo
ng vung gc trn bn tri ca iu khin, hoc nhn , bm v gi chut di
chuyn n ch mi
Ch dch chuyn iu khin hoc nhn
5. cn hng cc iu khin, chn chng ri dng lnh \Format\Alignment, chn tip
Right (tri), Left (phi), Top (trn), Bottom (di).
55

6. thay i dng ch ca nhn, chn dng ch c, nh vo dng ch mi.
7. thay i tn trng d liu gn kt vi iu khin, trc ht chn iu khin ,

bm
trn thanh cng c, khi ca s Properties hin ra, trong phn Control Source ch
ra tn ca trng d liu mun gn kt.
8. Thm vo mt hp vn bn hin th d liu ca mt trng:

-: Nhn vo nt lnh Field List
d liu hin c.
trn thanh cng c hin th danh sch cc trng
PT
IT
nhn chut vo tn
trng mun chn trong
danh sch cc trng,
ri ko v th
trng vo biu
mu
9. Thm mt nhn vn bn vo Form:
Nhn vo biu tng

trn thanh cng c Toolbox, nhn tip vo v tr cn hin th
trn form, sau nh vo on vn bn v bm ENTER kt thc.
10. Mun dng Wizad to cc iu khin trn form, lun gi nt lnh
thanh cng c Toolbox dng c chn, ri chn kiu iu khin m ta mun c.
trn
2.6.4 Bo biu (Report)

a. Khi nim bo biu
Mt bo biu l mt cch trnh by hiu qu d liu di dng ti liu in. Ta c th
chnh sa kch thc v hnh thc hin th ca mi i tng trn mt bo biu, cho nn ta
c th hin th d liu theo cch m ta mun.
Phn ln cc thng tin c trn mt bo biu c tp hp t cc bng d liu, cc truy
vn. Cc thng tin cn li c c khi thit k bo biu.
Cc khu vc ca mt bo biu
56

Khu vc tiu trn ca bo biu - Report header - ch xut hin mt ln ngay dng
u tin ca trang th nht. Ta c th dng khu vc ny hin th tiu ca bo biu,
logo, ngy gi in bo biu,
Khu vc tiu trn ca mt trang - Page header - xut hin u tt c cc trang ca
bo biu (Ch rng mt bo biu c th c nhiu trang). Ta dng khu vc ny hin th
tiu ca ct d liu.
Khu vc chi tit - Detail - l khu vc chnh ca bo biu, n hin th tng bn ghi ca
ngun d liu ca bo co.
Khu vc cui trang - Page footer - xut hin cui tt c cc trang ca bo biu. Ta
dng khu vc ny hin th s th t tng trang ca bo biu.
Khu vc cui bo biu - Report footer - xut hin dng cui cng ca trang cui
cng ca bo biu. Trong khu vc ny, ngi ta thng hin th con s tng kt ca cc
bo biu, (v d tng s khch hng, tng tin hng).
PT
b. To mi mt bo biu
IT
Ngoi cc khu vc trn, ta c th thit k thm tiu trn cho tng nhm cc bn
ghi - Group header. V d, khi in ra danh sch cc hp ng xut hng trong thng, ta
mun nhm cc hp ng ny li theo tng khch hng. Khi , trng Khch hng s
ng vai tr tiu ca nhm cc bn ghi. Tng doanh s cc hp ng ca khch hng
ny s c a vo phn tiu di - group footer - ca trng Khch hng.
Trc ht, ta dng chut chn nhm Reports trong th Create ca thanh Ribbon ca
s Database.
Cc cch to mi mt bo biu
C ba cch chng ta to mi mt bo biu trong nhm Reports ta c th chn.

-
S dng Report: Chc nng Report l cng c to Report nhanh v d dng,

thng dng to nhng Report n gin c d liu ngun t mt bng hoc mt
query..
- S dng Report Wizard: Wizard l mt chng trnh chc nng m khi thc hin
s hi chi tit v ngun d liu, v cc trng, v cch b tr xp t, nh dng m ngi
thit k mong mun, t s to ra bo biu.
57

-
S dng Report Design : Chn Table/Query lm d liu ngun cho report. T thit k
report bng cch ko th cc trng d liu t field list hoc cc control trong nhm
lnh Controls trn thanh Ribbon th vo report.
Chuyn i gia cc khung nhn ca bo biu
Mt Bo biu c ba khung nhn khc nhau:

- Design view - Thit k: Dng khi ta phi chnh sa, thay i cu trc ca mt bo
biu hin ti.
- Print Preview - Hin th trc khi in: dng xem d liu hin th trn trang in
trc khi in.
- Layout Preview - Hin th cch b tr: Tng t nh Print Preview, nhng trong
cch hin th ny, Access ch cho hin th mu mt vi bn ghi. Him khi ta dng chc
nng ny, n ch hu dng khi m ngun d liu ca bo biu l qu ln, nu ta dng Print
Preview th s mt rt nhiu thi gian, nhng nu dng Layout Preview th thi gian hin
th gn nh tc thi, bi v lc ny Access ch chn ra mt vi bn ghi lm mu.
1.
M bo biu c.
IT
Cch chuyn i gia cc khung nhn:
PT
2.
Nhn chut vo nt lnh View trn thanh cng c,
chn khung nhn cn thit t danh sch.
S dng Wizard to mi mt bo biu
Nhn chut vo nt lnh
trn ca s Database.
Ca s Report Wizard hin ra

nh hnh bn. Ca s gm 2
chnh. bn tri cha danh sch
cc trng ca bng d liu hin
thi. bn phi hin th danh
sch cc trng m ta chn
hin th trn bo biu mi.Nhn
p vo tn trng bn tri
chn trng s c hin th
trn bo biu report.
58
y ta chn bn trng: M
n t hng, M khch hng,
Ngy t hng, Ph Vn chuyn.
Ngoi 4 thng tin rt quan
trng ny ca mt n t hng,
ta cng cn phi bit chi tit v
cc sn phm c bn trong
hp ng: s lng, khi lng,
n gi, chit khu. Cc thng
tin ny c lu bng n t
hng chi tit.
PT
IT
Do ta phi chn ra cc
trng ny t bng n t hng
chi tit, bng cch chn bng
n t hng chi tit trong dng
Tables/Queries
Lc ny Access chuyn sang

lit k cc trng ca bng n
t hng chi tit bn tri. Cc
trng ta chn t bng n
t hng trc vn cn
bn phi.
59
Chn bng n
t hng chi tit
t danh sch.

Nhn vo nt lnh >>
chn tt c cc trng ca bng
n t hng chi tit.Nhn Next
tip tc
IT
Access tip hi ta u l
bng d liu chnh ? Ta chn
bng n t hng.Nhn Next
tip tc.
PT
Ti bc tip theo, ta chn

trng M Khch hng lm gi
tr tp hp cc bn ghi li vi
nhau (tt c cc hp ng ca
mt khch hng s c tp hp
li cnh nhau thnh mt nhm).
Nhn chut vo Next tip tc.
Trong ca s bc ny, ta
ch ra bo biu s sp xp d liu
theo trng no. Ta c th chn
mt hoc nhiu trng, hoc
khng chn trng no.Nu ta
mun c cui mi ct c tng
s, chn mc Summary Options.
Nhn Next tip tc.
60

Layout l cch b tr, bi xp
ca mt i tng. Trong
Access, ngi ta thit lp sn
mt s dng b tr. Ta c th
chn bt k dng b tr no bng
cch nhn chut vo Layout.
Ta cng c th chn hng in
ca bo co theo chiu ng
(Portrait) hay chiu nm ngang
(Landsscape)
ti
mc
Orientation.Nhn Next tip
tc.
PT
IT
Cui cng, t tn cho bo

biu l n t hng, nhn Finish
kt thc qu trnh to bo
biu.
Sau khi nhn nt lnh Finish

kt thc qu trnh to lp bo
biu report bng cng c t
ng, Access hin th mt bo
biu nh hnh bn.
Trong biu ny, ta thy, vi
mi mt khch hng, tt c cc
hp ng ca khch hng vi
cng ty c lit k ln lt,
theo th t v ngy thng k hp
ng.
61
V c rt nhiu khch hng, mi khch hng li c nhiu hp ng cho nn mt trang

bo biu khng th cha ht, bo biu ny s phi ko di nhiu trang. xem cc trang
tip theo, ta s dng thanh di chuyn ca bo biu, nm gc di bn tri mi bo biu.
Vi mi bo biu ta u c mt thanh cng c. Ta c th thit k ring cho mi bo

biu mt thanh cng c khc nhau. Di y l thanh cng c ngm nh cho mi bo
biu.
Hin th 2 trang ca bo co
Gi kt qu sang
word hoc excel
Xem bo co
Cc ch
hin th
In bo co
IT
Hin th tng trang
Phng hoc thu hnh

Chn s trang
hin th
Thit lp nh dng trang in cho bo biu
PT
Khi thit k cc bo biu, hoc ngay trc khi in chng, ta phi nh dng trang in ca
bo biu cho ph hp vi cc my in m ta hin c. Cch thc lm nh sau:
1.
Trn ca s cc i tng ca c s d liu, nhn p chut vo tn bo biu
m bo biu .
2.
Trn menu File, chn Page Setup (Thit lp trang giy).
3.
Nhn vo mt trong cc nhn sau thit lp cc thuc tnh
Margins. iu chnh rng cc l v kim sot in.
Page. iu chnh hng in, kch thc giy, chn my in. Thng thng ta
chn kh A4 (kh ph dng nht), hng giy dc (Portrait) hoc ngang (Landscape).
4.
Columns. Thit lp s ct, kch thc v cch b tr ca cc ct.

Nhn OK.
M xem v in mt bo biu c
1.
Trong ca s Database window, nhn chut vo Reports trong ct Objects.
2.
Nhn chut vo bo biu cn m.
3. Trn thanh cng c ca ca s Database window, nhn chut vo nt Design

thit k bo biu hin ti, hoc vo nt Preview hin th bo biu trc khi in.
62
Hiu chnh mt bo biu
Vic dng qu trnh to bo biu t ng c th cho php chng ta c c mt bo

biu p da trn cc thng tin c sn. Tuy nhin, c c cc kt qu x l phc tp t
nhiu ngun thng tin khc nhau, ta phi chnh sa trc tip cc bo biu.
Cch thit k mt bo biu cng tng t nh thit k mt biu mu nhp liu. Trong
bo biu trn, ta mi c thng tin v sn phm, s lng, n gi v chit khu. Tuy nhin,
ta li khng c thnh tin. Ta s b sung thng tin ny vo bo biu.
Bc 1: Chuyn bo biu n
t hng sang ch thit k bng
cch nhn chut vo nt lnh
IT
(Thit k).Lc
ny cu trc ca bo biu n t
hng c th hin nh hnh bn.
PT
Bc 2: Thm mt nhn tiu (label) vo bn cnh dng tiu hin ti, bng cch
nhn vo nt Label trn thanh cng c Toolbox, sau nhn chut vo v tr trn bo biu.
nh vo dng ch Thnh tin.
Bc 3: Thm mt hp vn bn (text box) vo phn Detail ca bo biu, bn cnh v tr
ca trng chit khu (v tr ), bng cch nhn chut vo nt Text box trn thanh cng
c.
Nhn p vo Text box ny

hin th ca s thuc tnh Properties, trong mc Other \
Name, i tin ca Text box
thnh : Thnh tin
Trong mc Data\Control
Source, nh vo cng thc:
=[S lng]*[n gi]*(1[Chit khu]).
Chuyn sang ch Nhn View xem kt qu, bng cch nhn chut vo nt lnh
trn thanh cng c.
63

Sau khi sa i, bo biu n t hng c thm ct thnh tin cha tng s tin
phi tr cho mi sn phm trong n t hng.
Tuy nhin, bo biu cn thiu thng tin v tng gi tr ca mi n t hng.
Ta b sung thng tin ny bng cch sau:
Bcc 4: Thm ct mi cha gi tr cng dn ca ct thnh tin.
Dng chut thm mt iu khin mi kiu Text box vo trong bo biu, ngay cnh iu
khin c tn l Thnh tin, ti v tr , t tn l Tng con.
IT
Ti mc Data\Control Source, nhp vo cng thc = [Thnh tin]. Thit lp mc

Data\Running Sum (tnh tng) thnh Over group. Vic thit lp thuc tnh tnh tng con
(Over group) cho php iu khin ny lu gi tr cng dn ca tng n t hng; sang
mt n t hng mi th Tng con ny li c tnh li t 0.
PT
Ct ch s tin
phi tr cho mi
sn phm cng
dn
Nhn chut vo nt lnh

trn thanh cng c xem kt qu. Bo biu gi y
c thm ct mi cha gi tr cng dn tin hng ca mi n t hng.
By gi ta thm dng cha tng gi tr hp ng (bng tng ca Tin hng v Tin ph
vn chuyn) vo phn kt thc ca mi n t hng. Cc bc tin hnh nh sau:
Nhn chut phi vo thanh ny

chn Sorting and Grouping
64
Ct mi hin
th gi tr
thnh tin
IT
Bc 5: Nhn chut vo thanh n t hng_ M Hg Header. Nhn phm bn phi

hin ca s Menu cc lnh, chn Sorting and Grouping (sp xp v phn nhm). Ca s
tip theo hin ra.:
PT
Mun thay i cch sp xp hoc

th t phn nhm cc bn ghi, ta ch
ra tn trng trong ct
Field/Expession
Biu tng ny
ch ra rng cc
bn ghi trn
bo biu ang
c phn
nhm v sp
xp theo gi tr
ca trng.
Trong ca s Sorting and Grouping, chn

dng n t hng_M Hg, thit lp thuc
tnh Group Footer (tiu di) thnh Yes.
Vic ny nhm to ra mt khong trng
pha di c mi khi kt thc mt n t
hng. Ca s khong trng nh sau:
Khong trng kt thc
sau mi n t hng.
65
Thay i th t sp xp ca
trng. Ascending: tng,
Descending: gim
c phn nhm, 1 trng phi

c Group Header (tiu trn
nhm) hoc Group footer (tiu
di)
Trong dng trng ny, ta

thm mt iu khin dng
Text box, t tn l Gi tr
hp ng, nhp vo trong
mc Control Source cng
thc:
Vn
Chuyn sang ch View (

cha tng gi tr n hng cui.
), kt qu bo biu n t hng hin th ra c
IT
=
[Ph
chuyn]+[Tng con].
PT
n y ta s dng qua tt c cc chc nng cn thit khi xy dng mt bo biu.
S
DNG
NGN
NG
VISUAL
BASIC
FOR
APPLICATION
3.1
Gii thiu chung
Ta c th s dng ngn ng Visual Basic for application vit cc on chng trnh

trong cc ng dng ca Access. Mc du Access c trang b rt nhiu chng trnh
c sn c gi l Macro, nhng dn dn ngi ta thy rng cn c rt nhiu iu cn lm
66

m cc Macro cha p ng c. Vic s dng Macro nhiu khi cng rt bt tin, v ta
khng bit cch thc hot ng bn trong cc macro. Cc chng trnh trong Access
thng gm cc phn khai bo chung v cc hm, th tc. Cc phn khai bo chung ny v
cc th tc c tp hp trong hai loi Module l module chun (Standard Module) v
Module lp (Class Module).
B m lnh chun: B m lnh chun cha cc on m lnh m c th chy bt c u
trong ng dng. Ta c th to mt b m lnh chun mi bng cch tng t nh khi
top cc i tng khc. ta chn i tng lm vic l Modules, sau nhn vo nt
New, hoc chn Insert t thanh thc n ri chn Module.
B m lnh lp: Chng ta s dng b m lnh lp c th to cc i tng mi ca
ring mnh. Cc th tc v hm m chng ta nh ngha trong b m lnh s tr thnh
cc phng thc ca i tng. Cc thuc tnh m chng ta nh ngha bng cc lnh
Property Get, Property Let, Property Set s tr thnh cc thuc tnh ca i tng.
to mi mt b m lnh lp ta thc hin chn Insert, Class Module. Cc on lnh nm
trong mt biu mu hoc bo co cng l cc b m lnh lp.
3.2
Cc thnh phn trong b m lnh
3.2.1
PT
IT
Trong b m lnh c th cha cc thnh phn sau:

Cc khai bo (Declaration): L cc cu lnh dng nh ngha cc bin, hng, loi d
liu do ngi dng nh ngha.
Th tc bin c (Event Procedure): l cc th tc c gi ti khi mt bin c no
ca biu mu, bo co hoc cc iu khin xy ra. V d th tc hay dng nht l <Tn
i tng>_Click() l th tc bin c c thc hin khi ngi s dng Click chut
trn i tng tng ng.
Th tc chung (General Procedure): l cc th tc m khng trc tip lin quan n
mt i tng hoc mt bin c no c. Chng ta c th to cc th tc chung ny bn
trong mt b m lnh chun hoc mt b m lnh lp. Cc th tc chung c th l th
tc hoc hm.
S dng i tng DoCmd (Do Command)
Trong khi s dng ngn ng VB for Applications chng ta c th thc hin cc hnh
ng tng ng trong cng c tp lnh bng cch s dng cc phng thc ca i tng
DoCmd.
C php chung:
Docmd.<Tn phng thc> [Cc tham s]
V d. c th ng bim mu SINHVIEN chng ta dng phng thc Close ca i
tng Docmd
Docmd.Close acForm, "Sinhvien"
trong acForm l hng s ch nh loi i tng l biu mu mun ng v chui
"Sinhvien" l tn ca biu mu SINHVIEN. Khi phng thc cn nhiu tham s th ta
dng du phy ngn cch cc tham s.
Mt s phng thc thng dng ca i tng docmd.
Tn phng
V d
thc
67
ngha
OpenModule
Quit
ReName
RunCommand
RunSQL
Save
DoCmd.OpenForm "Sinhvien"
DoCmd.OpenReport
"Baocao1",
acViewPreview
DoCmd.OpenReport
"Baocao1",
acViewNormal
M biu mu Sinhvien
M bo co BAOCAO1 xem
trn mn hnh
In bo co BAOCAO1
DoCmd.Quit
Thot khi Access
DoCmd.Close acForm, "sinhvien", ng biu mu SINHVIEN, trc

acSaveYes
khi ng th hi c Save khng.
SelectObject
IT
FindNext
FindRecord
GoToControl
GoToRecord
OpenTable
OpenQuery
OpenForm
OpenReport
3.2.2 Cc cu trc iu khin chng trnh
PT
Cc cu trc iu khin l cc cu lnh cho php ngi lp trnh c th iu khin th t

vn hnh cc cu lnh bn trong chng trnh khi chng c thc hin. Nu khng c cc
cu lnh iu khin th chng trnh s c thc hin tun t t trn xung theo ng th
t cc cu lnh m ta vit.
a/ Cu trc if ... then ...
if <iu kin> then <mt lnh>

if <iu kin> then
[cc lnh]
endif
if <iu kin> then
[cc lnh 1]
else
[cc lnh 2]
endif
V d.
if mDate<Now then mDate=Now
if mDate<Now then
mDate=Now
Enif
68

b/Cu trc Select Case...
Select Case <biu thc s nguyn>
Case <min gi tr 1>
<lnh 1>
Case <min gi tr 2>
<lnh 2>
...
Case <min gi tr n>
<lnh n>
Case Else
<lnh n+1>
End Select
PT
IT
V d.
Select Case performance
Case 1
Bonus = salary * 0.1
Case 2, 3
Case 4 To 6
Case Is > 8
Bonus = 100
Case Else
Bonus = 0
End Select
c/ Cu trc Do While...Loop
Do while <iu kin>

<cc lnh>
Loop
Do
<cc lnh>
Loop while <iu kin>
C th thay while bng Until
While <iu kin>

<cc lnh>
Wend
Ch . While v Until c tc dng ngc nhau: While <iu kin> s dng khi iu kin
sai, cn Until <iu kin> li dng khi iu kin ng.
69
d/ Cu trc For... Next
For <bin>=<biu thc 1> To <biu thc 2> [bc nhy]

<cc lnh>
[Exit for]
Next [bin]
For Each <phn t> In <nhm>
<cc lnh>
[Exit for]
Next [phn t]
e/ Thot khi th tc, vng lp

Exit Sub, Exit Function, Exit Do, Exit For
Mt s chng trnh mu
Lp trnh trong Access
IT
3.3
Ging nh ngn ng C v mt s ngn ng cp cao khc, trong Access cc cng vic

c thc hin thng qua cc hm (Function) hoc th tc (Procedure). Bn ngoi hm
ch c lnh khai bo, khng c cc lnh loi khc nh php gn chng hn.
PT
a/ Khai bo cc bin
V d v khai bo cc bin:
Dim ws As Workspace
Dim db As Database
Dim tbl As TableDef
Dim tdf as QueryDef
Dim rst as Recordset
Dim fld As Field
Dim tblname As String
Dim mm as Single
Dim n as integer
Dim a as Double
b/ Th tc v hm
C hai loi th tc: Th tc s kin, l th tc gn lin vi mt s kin no ,
V d.
command1_click()
l th tc c thc hin khi ta nhp chut vo nt lnh c tn Command1.
Th tc cng c th c tn khng gn vi s kin, th d hm msgbox chng hn. Lc ny
mun gi hm hoc th tc th ta phi ghi r tn hm cng cc tham s, v d
70

msgbox "Chao ban".
Cc v d khc v th tc v hm khng gn vi s kin:
Public Sub Databases()
Dim ws As Workspace
Dim db As Database
Dim db1 As Database
Dim db2 As Database
Set ws = DBEngine(0)
Set db1 = CurrentDb
Set db2 = ws.OpenDatabase("d:\hoc_acc\qlsv1.mdb")
For Each db In ws.Databases
MsgBox db.Name
Next db
End Sub
IT
Public Sub Open_Report(strReportName As String)

DoCmd.OpenReport strReportName, acViewPreview
End Sub
PT
Public Sub Print_Report(strReportName As String)

'Print specified report.
DoCmd.OpenReport strReportName, acViewNormal
End Sub
c/ To cc th tc s kin
Chng ta s lm vic ch yu vi th tc s kin. c th to th tc s kin cho mt i

tng hay iu khin no , v d to th tc tng ng vi mt nt lnh, ta lm nh sau:
Trc ht ta chn i tng, sau nhp chut vo "a thn". Nu chng trnh c
sn th trn mn hnh s hin ra ca s son tho. Nu cha c chng trnh th ta thy
hp thoi sau:
Ta chn Code Builder v thy xut hin ca s son tho, v d:
71

Hp Combo bn tri cha cc i tng, cn hp Combo bn phi cha cc s kin. Ta c
th chn cc i tng t ca s bn tri, sau nhp vo hp combo bn phi chn s
kin:
Sau khi chn xong th tn th tc c t ng to ra v ta ch vic g cc dng lnh vo

trong .
IT
V d.
Ta c th to mt bng chn, sau to trn cc nt lnh m Form, ng form, m
report, ng report, thot v Windows, thot v Access nh sau:
PT
M Form.
DoCmd.OpenForm <Chui k t tn Form>
V d.
DoCmd.OpenForm "[Danh Sach]"
ng Form.
V d.
DoCmd.Close acForm, "NhanSu", acSaveYes
M Report
V d.
M xem
DoCmd.OpenReport strReportName, acViewPreview
In Report.
DoCmd.OpenReport strReportName, acViewNormal
d/ Cc hm trong Form "NhanSu"

Option Compare Database
Option Explicit
Private Sub MAH_GotFocus()
Dim db As Database, qdf As QueryDef
Dim strSQL As String, strName As String
72

strName = "HUYENLookUp Query"
strSQL = "SELECT MAH,TenHUYEN FROM HUYEN WHERE MAT= '" & Me.MAT
& "'"
Set db = CurrentDb
db.QueryDefs.Refresh
For Each qdf In db.QueryDefs
If qdf.Name = strName Then
db.QueryDefs.Delete qdf.Name
End If
Next qdf
Set qdf = db.CreateQueryDef(strName, strSQL)
'qdf.Close
'Set db = Nothing
Me.MAH.RowSource = strName
End Sub
IT
Private Sub Luong_AfterUpdate()

Me.ThuNhap = Val(Me.Luong) + Val(Me.PhuCap)
End Sub
PT
Private Sub PhuCap_AfterUpdate()

Me.ThuNhap = Val(Me.Luong) + Val(Me.PhuCap)
End Sub
Private Sub cmdClose_Click()

DoCmd.Close acForm, "NhanSu", acSaveYes
End Sub
====================================
Private Sub cmdMakeTblQuery_Click()
Dim strName As String, strSQL As String
strName = "NhanSu vut"
strSQL = "SELECT NhanSu.Hoten, NhanSu.Dantoc, TINH.TenTinh " & _
"INTO [" & strName & "]" & _
"FROM TINH INNER JOIN NhanSu ON TINH.MAT = NhanSu.MAT " & _
"WHERE (((NhanSu.Luong)<100 Or (NhanSu.Luong)>400))"
Dim db As Database, tdf As TableDef
Set db = CurrentDb
db.TableDefs.Refresh
For Each tdf In db.TableDefs
If tdf.Name = strName Then
db.TableDefs.Delete tdf.Name
End If
Next tdf
CurrentDb.Execute strSQL
73

MsgBox "Query " & strName & " da duoc tao"
End Sub
Private Sub cmdUpDateQuery_Click()
Dim strSQL As String
strSQL = "UPDATE NhanSu SET NhanSu.Luong = 100 WHERE(([PhuCap]=10) and
[DanToc]='Kinh')"
MsgBox "Table NhanSu da duoc cap nhat"
End Sub
IT
Private Sub cmdDeleteQuery_Click()

Dim strSQL As String
strSQL = "DELETE * from NhanSu WHERE(([PhuCap]=10) and [DanToc]='Kinh')"
MsgBox "Mot so ban ghi da bi xoa tu Table NhanSu"
End Sub
PT
Private Sub cmdCrosstabQuery_Click()

Dim db As Database, qdf As QueryDef
strName = "Cross Query vut"
strSQL = "TRANSFORM Max(NhanSu.Luong) AS MaxOfLuong " & _
"SELECT NhanSu.Dantoc " & _
"FROM NhanSu " & _
"GROUP BY NhanSu.Dantoc " & _
"PIVOT NhanSu.MAT"
Set db = CurrentDb
db.QueryDefs.Refresh
For Each qdf In db.QueryDefs
If qdf.Name = strName Then
db.QueryDefs.Delete qdf.Name
End If
Next qdf
Set qdf = db.CreateQueryDef(strName, strSQL)
MsgBox "Query " & strName & " da duoc tao"
' Khong the su dung: CurrentDb.Execute strSQL
End Sub
======================================
74

Private Sub Form_Load()
Me.OrderBy = "[MAKHOA],[HO],[TEN]"
Me.OrderByOn = True
End Sub
Private Sub gofirst_Click()
Dim rst As Recordset
Set rst = Me.RecordsetClone
rst.MoveFirst
Me.Bookmark = rst.Bookmark
End Sub
Private Sub golast_Click()
Me.RecordsetClone.MoveLast
Me.Bookmark = Me.RecordsetClone.Bookmark
End Sub
PT
IT
Private Sub goprev_Click()

Me.RecordsetClone.MovePrevious
If Me.RecordsetClone.BOF Then
Me.RecordsetClone.MoveFirst
End If
End Sub
Private Sub gonext_Click()
Me.RecordsetClone.MoveNext
If Me.RecordsetClone.EOF Then
Me.RecordsetClone.MoveLast
End If
End Sub
Private Sub mah_GotFocus()

strName = "HUYENLookUp Query"
strSQL = "SELECT MAH,TenHUYEN FROM HUYEN WHERE MAT= '" & Me.MAT
& "'"
NewQuery strName, strSQL
Me.MAH.RowSource = strName
End Sub
Private Sub Timkiem_Click()
Dim strMsg As String, strInput As String
' Prompt user for input.
75

strInput = InputBox("Hay nhap ma sinh vien can tim:")
If strInput = "" Then 'user chose "cancel"
Exit Sub
End If
rst.FindFirst "MASV = '" & strInput & "'"
If rst.NoMatch Then
MsgBox "khong tim thay ma sinh vien " & strInput, vbInformation
Else
End If
End Sub
PT
IT
Private Sub Them_Click()

strInput = InputBox("Hay nhap ma sinh vien can them:")
Exit Sub
End If
If Not rst.NoMatch Then
MsgBox "Ma sinh vien " & strInput & " da co, khong them duoc!", vbExclamation
Exit Sub
End If
With rst
.AddNew
' Add new record.
!MASV = strInput
' Add data.
!DIEMVT = 22
.Update
' Save changes.
End With
rst.MoveLast
'DoCmd.GoToRecord , , acNewRec
End Sub
Private Sub Dong_Click()
DoCmd.Close acForm, "sinhvien", acSaveYes
End Sub
Private Sub viewdatasheet_Click()
DoCmd.OpenQuery "SINHVIEN Query", acViewNormal
End Sub
76
PT
IT
Private Sub Xoa_Click()

' Prompt user for input.
strInput = InputBox("Hay nhap ma sinh vien can xoa:")
Exit Sub
End If
If rst.NoMatch Then
MsgBox "khong tim thay ma khoa " & strInput, vbInformation
Exit Sub
Else
End If
strMsg = "Ban xoa sinh vien co ma " & strInput & "?"
If MsgBox(strMsg, vbYesNo, "Chu y!") = vbNo Then
Exit Sub
Else
rst.Delete
If Not rst.BOF Then
rst.MovePrevious
End If
If Not Me.RecordsetClone.BOF Then
End If
End If
End Sub
Public Function ExitMicrosoftAccess() As Integer
Dim strMsg As String
strMsg = "Thoat khoi Access va tro ve Windows?"
If MsgBox(strMsg, vbYesNo, "Chu y!") = vbNo Then
Exit Function
End If
'Exit Microsoft Access.
DoCmd.Quit
End Function
Public Function DisplayDatabaseWindow() As Integer
Dim strDocName As String
strDocName = "Main Switchboard"
' Close Main Switchboard form.
DoCmd.Close
77
PT
IT
' Give focus to Database window; select "Main Switchboard" form

DoCmd.SelectObject acForm, strDocName, True
End Function
78

Ph lc: Lm vic vi d liu.
1.S dng b xy dng biu thc Expression Builder
Khi xy dng mt query hay mt form, mt report, ta thng xuyn phi s dng n
b xy dng cng thc Expression builder. S dng cng c ny, chng ta c th nhanh
chng xy dng c mt cng thc tham chiu n cc i tng trong mt c s d liu
mt cch chun xc m ch cn s dng con chut.
B xy dng biu thc c ba khu vc:
cng thc: Khu vc pha trn ca giao din l mt ni ta xy dng cc biu
thc. Ta c th trc tip nhp vo t bn phm biu thc; hoc s dng danh sch trong cc
pha di bng cch nhn p chut vo tn cc i tng, ton t dn chng vo
biu thc t to nn biu thc.
IT
Nt Ton t: Ti khu vc gia ca giao din l cc nt nhn cho cc ton th thng

c s dng nht. Nhn chut vo nt no th Expression Builder s chn ton t vo
trong cng thc. Mun c danh sch y cc ton t, nhn chut vo Operators
pha di bn tri v nhm cc ton t thch hp. bn pha s hin th tt c cc ton t
ca nhm c chn.
Cc phn t: c ba na di ca giao din:
pha tri l th mc cc bng, query, form, v report, cc hm tnh(functions),

cc hng s constants), cc tan t operators.
PT
gia lit k cc i tng c th hoc nhm cc i tng thnh phn ca mc

c chn ti bn tri. V d, nu nhn chut vo Built-In Functions trong bn tri,
cc loi hm ca Microsoft Access s c lit k.
bn phi lit k cc gi tr, nu c, ca cc phn t c chn hai u.
2.Tm kim v thay th d liu
C nhiu cch tm kim hoc thay th cc d liu m ta mun, d d liu l mt

gi tr nht nh, mt bn ghi hay mt nhm cc bn ghi
Tm bn ghi bng cch dng thanh cun trn li d liu Datasheet hoc trn
biu mu Form, hoc nh s th t ca bn ghi vo Record number trn thanh di
chuyn.
S dng hp thoi Tm kim Find, nh v cc bn ghi hoc tm kim cc gi
tr nht nh ca cc trng d liu. Nu mun thay th cc gi tr no bng mt gi tr
khc, s dng hp thoi Thay th Replace.
S dng mt b lc Filter, ta c th tm thi c lp v hin th mt tp hp cc

bn ghi c th x l trn mt Form hoc mt li d liu Datasheet.
S dng truy vn query, ta c th lm vic vi mt tp hp c th cc bn ghi trch

79

ra t mt hoc nhiu bng khc nhau, tha mn cc tiu chun ch ra ban u.
3.S dng k t i din tm kim gi tr
Khi cn tm tp hp cc gi tr m ta ch bit mt phn ca gi tr (v d tm ngi c
tn bt u bng ch H v kt thc bng ch ng), ta s dng k t i din thay vo v
tr cc k t cha bit. K t i din c th s dng trong hp thoi Tm kim Find, hp
thoi Thay th Replace, trong truy vn query, trong cc biu thc expression.
Trong ACCESS, ta c th s dng k t i din trong hp thoi Tm kim, Thay th,
trong truy vn query, trong biu thc tm cc gi tr, cc bn ghi, hoc cc tp.
K t
S dng
V d
Tng ng vi mt nhm cc ch ci. N c th wh* s tm what, white,

c s dng u hoc cui chui tm kim.
v why.
Tng ng bt c mt ch ci no.
[]
Tng ng vi mt trong cc ch ci trong B[ae]ll s tm ball hoc

ngoc vung.
bell ch khng tm bill
#
Lu :
Loi tr nhng ch ci trong ngoc vung.
B?ll s tm ball, bell, v

bill
b[!ae]ll ch tm bill
ch khng tm bell,ball
Tm cc ch ci trong khong hai ch ci cho

b[a-c]d s tm bad,
trc (theo th t tng dn: A n Z, ch khng bbd, v bcd
c t Z n A).
PT
IT
Tng ng mt s.
1#3 s tm 103, 113,

123,
K t i din c s dng cho d liu kiu ch, tuy nhin i khi cng c th s
dng thnh cng vi cc kiu d liu khc, nh kiu ngy thng.
Khi s dng cc k t i din tm kim mt du hoa th (*), du hi (?), k hiu
s (#), du ngoc vung m ([), du ni (), ta phi cho du vo trong ngoc vung. V
d tm mt du hi, ta phi nhp vo [?] trong hp thoi Tm kim Find. Nu tm kim
du cm thn (!), du ngoc vung ng (]) th khng cn phi cho vo trong ngoc.
Mun tm kim cng lc cp ngoc vung th ta phi nhp vo [[ ]] trong hp tm
kim Find.
4.Tm kim gi tr c th trong mt trng - field
1.
Trn Biu mu Form hoc li d liu Datasheet, chn ct ca trng field
m ta mun tm kim (nu mun tm kim d liu tt c cc trng th khng cn phi
chn).
80

2.
Nhn nt lnh Find
trn thanh cng c.
3.
Trn dng Find What (tm g), nh vo gi tr mun tm.
4.
La chn cc tu chn (options) tm kim.
5.
Nhn Find Next.
5.Thay th gi tr trong mt trng field

1. Trn Biu mu Form hoc li d liu Datasheet, chn ct ca trng field
m ta mun tm kim (nu mun tm kim d liu tt c cc trng th khng cn phi
chn).
1.
Chn Replace trn menu Edit.
2.
nh vo gi tr cn tm trn dng Find What, nh vo gi tr mi s thay th gi
tr c vo dng Replace With.
Thit lp cc tu chn cn thit.
4.
thay th tt cc cc gi tr c bng gi tr mi, chn Replace All.
IT
3.
5.
thay th ch mt s cc gi tr c bng gi tr mi, chn Find next, sau nhn
Replace. b qua khng thay th m chuyn tip n ln xut hin tip theo ca gi tr
, nhn Find Next.
PT
6. Xp sp d liu
1.
Trong khung nhn Form View hoc Datasheet View, nhn chut chn trng cn
xp sp. Mun xp sp cc bn ghi SubDatasheet, nhn chut vo du + m rng
khung nhn, sau chn trng.
2.
Lm thao tc sau:
xp sp tng dn, chn Sort Ascending
xp sp tng dn, chn Sort Descending
.
.
Nu ta chn nhiu ct (trng) cng mt lc xp sp th ACCESS s xp sp ln lt

cc ct t tri qua phi
81

TM TT
1. Tng quan v h qun tr CSDL

H qun tr CSDL l h thng phn mm iu khin ton b cc chin lc truy nhp
CSDL
Cc chc nng c bn ca h qun tr CSDL bao gm
To ra v duy tr cu trc d liu
Cp nht d liu
Lu tr d liu
Tm kim v x l cc d liu lu tr
Cho php nhiu ngi dng truy xut ng thi
IT
H tr tnh bo mt v ring t
Cung cp mt c ch ch mc (index) hiu qu ly nhanh cc d liu la chn.
Bo v d liu khi mt mt bng cc qu trnh sao lu (backup) v phc hi
(recovery).
PT
Hin nay c mt s h qun tr CSDL quan h c s dng rng ri trn th trng nh

Oracle, Informix, Sybase, Foxpro, Access,..
2. H qun tr CSDL Access
Access l h qun tr CSDL,v vy bn c th dng M.ACCES qun l cc thng tin

trong CSDL . Trong mt file Access, cc d liu c chia vo cc bng ring bit, gi l
bng; Vic xem, thm hay cp nht d liu thc hin bng cc ca s nhp liu, gi l biu
mu - form; Vic tm kim v x l cc thng tin c chn lc thc hin bng cc truy vn query; Vic phn tch v in d liu theo mt khun mu thit k trc s dng n cc bo
biu report; cho php ngi dng xem, sa, phn tch cc thng tin ca c s d liu t
Internet hoc Intranet bng cc trang truy cp d liu, data access pages.
3. Quy trnh thit k mt CSDL
Trc khi bt tay vo xy dng cc bng, biu mu, cc bo biu v cc thnh phn
khc ca mt CSDL, ta cn phi b thi gian thit k chi tit.
Cc bc c bn thit k mt CSDL l:
1. Xc nh mc ch ca CSDL: CSDL dng lu tr thng tin g, cn rt ra nhng
thng tin g t CSDL.
2. Xc nh cc bng d liu bng - cn c trong CSDL: mt Bng khng c cha
d liu trng lp, v thng tin cng khng nn b trng lp gia cc bng. Mi mt bng
ch nn cha thng tin lin quan n mt ch .
82

3. Xc nh cc trng d liu field - cn c trong mi bng d liu: Mi bng cha
thng tin v cng mt ch th, mi field ca mt bng li cha cc thng tin ring bit v
ch th . Ta ch nn ghi nhn cc thng tin cn thit t thc t, khng nn c cc trng
tnh ton calculated field. Lu tr thng tin di dng chi tit nht c th (v d: H, Tn
ch khng nn H v Tn).
4. Xc nh cc trng cha gi tr duy nht mi bn ghi: Access kt ni c cc
thng tin lu tr trong cc bng ring bit . v d: kt ni cc khch hng vi n t hng
ca ngi .Mi bng cn phi c mt trng hoc mt nhm cc trng cha gi tr duy
nht dng phn bit gia cc bn ghi trong mt bng. Mt trng nh vy gi l trng
kho - Primary key.
5. Xc nh cc mi quan h gia cc bng: Ta ch ra cho Access cch tm kim v
a cc thng tin lin quan li tp hp vi nhau.
6. Tinh chnh thit k: Sau khi thit k, ta cn vn hnh th nghim CSDL m
bo cc chc nng cn c u thc hin sun s ng nh mong i. Nu pht hin nhng
thng tin g khng cn thit th ta nn loi b trnh s cng knh.
IT
7. Nhp d liu v to cc i tng CSDL: Khi hi lng vi cu trc cc bng biu

v cc mi lin kt l lc phi nhp liu. Da trn d liu nhp ta c th d dng xy
dng cc biu mu, bo biu, truy vn phc v cng tc x l u vo v u ra thng
tin.
PT
8. S dng cng c phn tch ca Access: Access cung cp cng c Bng Analyzer
Wizard gip ngi dng phn tch thit k c v chnh sa chng.
83
CU HI V BI TP
Cu hi
1.Tp CSDL ca ACCESS c ui (phn m rng ) l:
dbf
mdb
xls
2. Khi bt u vo lm vic vi M.Acces, nu mun thit lp mt CSDL mi. Ta chn:
Blank Database
Open an Existing Database
IT
3. Khi bt u khi ng.M.Access, nu mun m 1 tp CSDL c ra xem, sa. Ta

chn:
Blank Wizard
Open an Existing Database
4. i tng no l i tng nm trong tp CSDL ca Acces
Table, Query
PT
Form, Macro
Report, Module
C 3 nhm trn
5. Ca s Database bao gm cc nt no:
Cc nt i tng: Bng, Query, Form, Report, Macro. Moduls
Cc nt hnh ng (Open, Design, New)
C hai nhm nt trn
6. Trong ca s Database nt hnh ng Open dng :
M 1 i tng
ng 1 i tng
To 1 i tng mi
7. Trong ca s Database nt hnh ng New dng :
M 1 i tng
ng 1 i tng
84
To 1 i tng mi
8. Trong ca s Database nt hnh ng Design dng :
Chnh sa thit k 1 i tng
ng 1 i tng
To 1 i tng mi
9. Khi ang lm vic vi M.Access mun to ra mt tp CSDL mi khc ta chn File

trn thanh menu sau chn:
New
Open
Close
New
Open
Save as
IT
10. Khi ang lm vic vi M.Access mun m 1 tp CSDL khc( c) ta chn File trn
thanh menu sau chn:
PT
11. Khi ang lm vic vi M.Access mun ng tp CSDL ang c m ta chn File
trn thanh menu sau chn:
Save
Open
Close
12. Khi ang lm vic vi M.Access mun thot ra khi M.Acces tr v h iu hnh
Windows ta chn File trn thanh menu sau chn:
Close
Open
Exit
13. Mt tp CSDL ca M.Access gm c:
1 bng
Nhiu bng
2 bng
14. Mt tp CSDL ca M.Access gm c:
1 Query
2 Query
85
Nhiu Query
15.Trong ca s database mun to bng mi ta chn Table(Bng) sau chn:
New
Design
Open
Creat
16. Trong ca s database mun m 1 bng ch nhp liu ta chn Table(Bng) sau
chn tn bng cn m ri chn tip:
New
Design
Open
Use
New
Design
Open
PT
IT
17. Trong ca s database mun chnh sa li cu trc ca bng (v d thm 1 trng mi

vo bng) ta chn Table(Bng) sau chn tn bng cn chnh ri chn tip:
Edit
print
18. Khi to bng, mun nhp tn trng ta chn ct:
Field name
Data type
Properties
19.Khi to bng, mun ch nh kiu d liu cho trng th trn hng ca trng ta chn
ct:
Field name
Data type
Insert
20.Khi to kho chnh cho trng th trc ht ta chn trng , sau chn insert trn
thanh menu ri tip tc chn:
select all
primary key
86
copy
cut
21. Khi to bng d liu, ta mun khai bo mt trng c kiu s th trn ct Data Type
ti dng tng ng ca trng ta chn:
Number
Text
Date/time
Yes/no
OLE Object
Text
Hyperlink
Currency
IT
22. Khi to bng d liu, ta mun khai bo mt trng c kiu i tng hnh nh th
trn ct Data Type ti dng tng ng ca trng ta chn:
23. Mun xy dng lin kt gia cc bng c lin quan th ta phi: thm cc bng c lin
quan vo ca s?
Relationships window
PT
Design
Open
file
Database
file
open
24.Trong ca s Database mun to 1 query mi ta chn Query sau chn:

New
25. Trong ca s Database mun chnh sa 1 query ta chn Query sau chn tn query
cn sa ri chn tip:
save
New
Design
Open
26. Trong ca s Database mun thc hin 1 query ta chn Query sau chn tn query
87

thc hin ri chn tip:
save as
New
Design
Open
27. Truy vn no trong cc truy vn sau l truy vn xa:
Delete query
Open query
Append query
Make-table query
Insert query
Update query
Append query
Make-table query
IT
28.Truy vn no trong cc truy vn sau l truy vn b sung
PT
29.Truy vn no trong cc truy vn sau l truy vn to Bng:

New query
Bng query
Append query
Make-table query
30. Mun to mi form bng wizard trc ht trong ca s Database, chn Forms, nhn
New.Trong hp thoi New Form chn:
Form wizard
Design view
Datasheet
Bng
31. Mun thit k form theo nhu cu trc ht trong ca s Database, chn Forms, chn
New.Trong hp thoi New Form sau ta tip tc chn:
Form wizard
Design view
Datasheet
88
Bng
32. Mun to mi mt bo biu trc ht ti ca s Database ta chn:
Bng
Form
Report
Module
33. Sau khi thc hin xong cu 32 mun to Report ch Wizard ta chn:
Design View
Report Wizard
AutoReport: tabular
Bi tp thc hnh
Yu cu v giao din:
IT
Xy dng chng trnh qun l sinh vin
PT
Sau khi thc hin xong bi tp ny bn s c mt chng trnh qun l tuy rt nh, gn
nhng c y cc chc nng: Nhp, xem d liu, thc hin cc chc nng tm kim, xa
bn ghi, in cc bo co. Khi chy chng trnh ta s thy mn hnh nh sau:
Cc nt lnh trn bng chn c cc chc nng nh sau:
Khi nhn vo nt "Thot khi Access" th s thot khi Access v tr v

Windows
Khi nhn vo nt "V ca s Database" th thot khi bng chn, tr v ca s
Database ca Access. T ca s ny ta c th to mi, sa i cc i tng.
-
Khi nhn vo nt "Nhp danh sch khoa" ta thy ca s sau xut hin:
89
kim...
Khi nhn vo nt "Nhp danh sch sinh vin" ta thy xut hin ca s:
PT
IT
Trn ca s ny ta c th nhp s liu cho danh sch khoa: thm mi, xa, tm
Khi nhn vo nt "Danh sch khoa" trong phn "Xem v in bo co", ta thy
xut hin danh sch khoa trn mn hnh v c th in danh sch ny khi nhn vo biu
tng my in.
Nhn vo nt "Danh sch sinh vin" trong phn bo co ta thy xut hin bng
danh sch sinh vin v c th in tng t nh trn.
90

TI LIU THAM KHO
Phm Vn t, Hng dn s dng Microsoft Access- Nh xut bn khoa hc v k

thut, 1997.
[2]
Nguyn Thin Tm, Gio trnh Microsoft Access 2000 - Nh xut bn i Hc

Quc Gia TP.HCM, 2003.
[3]
Phm Th Qu, Gio trnh C s d liu- Nh xut bn Bu in, 2004.
[4]
Microsoft Access 2000: Buiding Application with Form and Report
PT
IT
[1]
91
PT
IT
92

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HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN 1

Phan Th H- Khoa CNTT1- Hc vin CNBCVT

H QUN TR C S D LIU ACCESS

Tng quan v h qun tr c s d liu

Gii thiu v h qun tr c s d liu Access

Cc kin thc c bn trong vic to lp c s d liu ca Access, thit k xy

1 TNG QUAN V H QUN TR C S D LIU

C th hiu CSDL (Database) l mt b su tp rt ln v cc loi d liu tc nghip

Phan Th H- Khoa CNTT1- Hc vin CNBCVT

a. Gii thiu: H qun tr CSDL l h thng phn mm iu khin ton b cc chin lc

Cho php nhiu ngi dng truy xut ng thi

Cung cp mt c ch ch mc (index) hiu qu ly nhanh cc d liu la chn.

Bo v d liu khi mt mt bng cc qu trnh sao lu v phc hi.

H qun tr CSDL phn cp cha d liu trong mt cu trc nh cy

H ny thit lp mt quan h cha-con trong d liu. nh ca cy, cn gi l root, c

H qun tr CSDL mng cha d liu dng cc bn ghi v cc lin kt

H qun tr CSDL quan h (Relationship DBMS)

H qun tr CSDL quan h c l l mt h qun tr CSDL c cu trc n gin nht.

Phan Th H- Khoa CNTT1- Hc vin CNBCVT

Tng quan v Access

V c bn, Access l mt h qun tr CSDL. Tng t cc sn phm khc thuc loi

Access cng l mt ng dng CSDL mnh ca Windows, n l mt sn phm c

Phan Th H- Khoa CNTT1- Hc vin CNBCVT

Khi ng, ca s lm vic ca Microsoft Access

2.2.1 Khi ng Microsoft Access

Phan Th H- Khoa CNTT1- Hc vin CNBCVT

Khi hp thoi u tin xut hin trn mn hnh

Phan Th H- Khoa CNTT1- Hc vin CNBCVT

Hp thoi ny cho php chng ta chn cc hnh ng sau:

Blank web database:

Open: M mt tp tin CSDL Access c to trc

2.2.2 Cc thnh phn trong ca s khi ng

Phan Th H- Khoa CNTT1- Hc vin CNBCVT

Bn phi ca Quick Access cha nt Customize, khi c s d liu ang m, nu

Kch vo More Commands.ca s hin ra nh sau:

Phan Th H- Khoa CNTT1- Hc vin CNBCVT

Khung gia: cha cc loi tp tin c s d liu m bn c th to mi.

Khung bn phi: nhp tn v chn v tr lu tp tin mi to v thc thi

c. Thanh Ribbon: Thanh Ribbon c to bi nhiu tab khc nhau, nu truy cp vo

V d: m mt tp tin CSDL chng ta phi vo File ri chn Open.

Phan Th H- Khoa CNTT1- Hc vin CNBCVT

Thanh quick access

Thanh Navigation Pane

Thanh trng thi

Ni chung cc thao tc vi thanh cng c ging vi cc thanh cng c trong Winword

Cc thao tc i vi tp tin CSDL

To mt tp mi: Khi khi ng Access ti ca s khi ng th cng c th to nn

Phan Th H- Khoa CNTT1- Hc vin CNBCVT

Cc i tng bn trong tp tin CSDL Access:

Mt tp CSDL gm c 7 i tng c bn sau:

Biu mu (Form): Cho php ngi s dng xy dng nn cc mn hnh dng

Lm vic vi ca s d liu trong Microsoft Access:

Ca s CSDL (ca s Database) l ca s lm vic chnh ca Microsoft Access, trn

Phan Th H- Khoa CNTT1- Hc vin CNBCVT

e. n hoc hin ca s CSDL

n: Chn Window -> Hide

Hin: Chn Window -> Unhide (hoc nhn phm F11)

2.6.1.1 Cc bc c bn thit k mt CSDL l:

Phan Th H- Khoa CNTT1- Hc vin CNBCVT

Ni chung, mt bng d liu l tp hp cc d liu v mt ch nht nh (v d sn

Mi mt bn ghi cha tt c thng tin lin quan n mt

Phan Th H- Khoa CNTT1- Hc vin CNBCVT

a. Thit k mt bng d liu