Fuction Maps

EXCEL FUNCTIONS
Prepared By Norman Harker

Index
COMPLETE LIST OF EXCEL FUNCTIONS

Name
Source
Type
Description
ABS
Built In
Maths
Returns the absolute value of a number
ACCRINT
Analysis ToolPak Financial
Returns the accrued interest for a security that

pays periodic interest
ACCRINTM
Returns the accrued interest for a security that

pays interest at maturity
ACOS
Built In
Maths
Returns in radians the arccosine of a number
ACOSH
Built In
Maths
Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a

number
ADDRESS
Built In
Lookup & Ref
Creates a cell address as text based on given

row and column rumbers
AMORDEGRC
Returns the depreciation for each accounting

period using the French accounting system
AMORLINC
Returns the depreciation for each accounting

AND
Built In
Logical
Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUE
AREAS
Built In
Lookup & Ref
Returns the number of areas in a reference
ASC
Built In
Text
Changes full-width (double-byte) English

letters or katakana within a character string to
half-width (single-byte) characters
ASIN
Built In
Maths
Returns in radians the arcsine of a number
ASINH
Built In
Maths
Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a

number
ATAN
Built In
Maths
Returns in radians the arctangent of a number
ATAN2
Built In
Maths
Returns in radians the arctangent from x and y

coordinates
ATANH
Built In
Maths
Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a

number
AVEDEV
Built In
Statistical
Returns the average of the absolute

deviations of data points from their mean
AVERAGE
Built In
Statistical
Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of up

to 30 numeric arguments
AVERAGEA
Built In
Statistical
Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of its

arguments and includes evaluation of text and
logical arguments
BAHTTEXT
Built In
Text
Converts a number to Thai text and adds a

suffix of "Baht"
BESSELI
Analysis ToolPak Engineering
Returns the Bessel function evaluated for

purely imaginary arguments
BESSELJ
Returns the Bessel function represented by

Jn(x)
BESSELK
Returns the modified Bessel function

represented by Kn(x)
BESSELY
Returns the Bessel / Weber / Neumann

function Yn(x)
BETADIST
Built In
Statistical
Returns the cumulative beta probability

density function
BETAINV
Built In
Statistical
Returns the inverse of the cumulative beta

probability density function
BIN2DEC
Converts binary number to decimal
BIN2HEX
Converts binary number to hexadecimal
BIN2OCT
Converts binary number to octal
BINOMDIST
Built In
Statistical
Returns the individual term binomial

distribution probability
CALL
Built In
External
Calls a procedure in a dynamic link library or

code resource
CEILING
Built In
Maths
Rounds a number (away from zero) to the

nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of
significance
CELL
Built In
Information
Returns information about the formatting ,

location or contents of the cell or upper left cell
of the reference
CHAR
Built In
Text
Returns the ANSI character set (Microsoft) or

Macintosh character set (Macintosh) specified
by the code number
CHIDIST
Built In
Statistical
Returns the one-tailed probability of the chisquared distribution
CHIINV
Built In
Statistical
Returns the inverse of the one-tailed

probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHITEST
Built In
Statistical
Returns the value from the chi-squared (2)

distribution for the statistic and the appropriate
degrees of freedom
CHOOSE
Built In
Lookup & Ref
Uses a specified index number to select one

from up to 29 specified values
CLEAN
Built In
Text
Removes all nonprintable characters from text
CODE
Built In
Text
Returns a numeric code for the first character

in a text string
COLUMN
Built In
Lookup & Ref
Returns the column number of the cell or a

specified reference
COLUMNS
Built In
Lookup & Ref
Returns the number of columns in an array or

reference
COMBIN
Built In
Maths
Returns the number of combinations for a

given number of objects
COMPLEX
Converts real and imaginary coefficients into

complex numbers of the form x + yi or x + yj
depending upon suffix
CONCATENATE
Built In
Text
Joins several text items into one text item
CONFIDENCE
Built In
Statistical
Returns the confidence interval for a

population mean
CONVERT
Converts a number from one measurement

system to another
CORREL
Built In
Statistical
Returns the correlation coefficient between

two arrays of data
COS
Built In
Maths
Returns the cosine of a given angle given in

radians
COSH
Built In
Maths
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
COUNT
Built In
Statistical
Counts the number of cells that contain

numbers and also numbers within the list of
arguments
COUNTA
Built In
Statistical
counts how many values are in the list of

arguments
COUNTBLANK
Built In
Information
Counts the number of non-empty cells and the

values within the list of arguments
COUNTIF
Built In
Maths
Counts the number of cells that meet the

criteria specified in the argument
COUPDAYBS
Returns the number of days from the

beginning of the coupon period to the
settlement date using the specified or default
day counting basis
COUPDAYS
Returns the number of days in the coupon

period that contains the settlent date using the
specified or default day counting basis
COUPDAYSNC
Returns the number of days from the

settlement date to the next coupon date using
the specified or default day counting basis
COUPNCD
Returns the next coupon date after the

day counting basis
COUPNUM
Returns the number of coupons payable

between the settlement date and maturity date
using the specified or default day counting
basis
COUPPCD
Returns the previous coupon date before the

day counting basis
COVAR
Built In
Statistical
Returns covariance; the average of the

products of deviations for each data point pair
CRITBINOM
Built In
Statistical
Returns the smallest value for which the

cumulative binomial distribution is less than or
equal to a criterion value
CUMIPMT
Returns the cumulative interest paid between

two periods
CUMPRINC
Returns the cumulative principal paid on a

loan between two periods
DATE
Built In
Returns the sequential Excel date / time serial

number that represents a particular date
DATEDIF
Analysis ToolPak Date & Time
Date & Time
Calculates differences between two dates in

terms of specified units and assumptions
DATEVALUE
Built In
Date & Time
Converts a date text form to an Excel date /

time serial number
DAVERAGE
Built In
Database
Returns the average of selected list or

database entries based on specified criteria
DAY
Built In
Date & Time
Converts an Excel date / time serial number to

the day of a month
DAYS360
Built In
Date & Time
Calculates the number of days between two

dates using a specified 30 day month 360 day
year method
DB
Built In
Financial
Returns the depreciation of an asset for a

specified period, using the fixed declining
balance method
DCOUNT
Built In
Database
Counts the cells containing numbers from a

specified database that match specified
criteria
DCOUNTA
Built In
Database
Counts non blank cells from a specified

database that match specified criteria criteria
DDB
Built In
Financial
Returns the deoreciation of an asset for a

specified period, using the double-declining
balance method of some other method that is
specified
DEC2BIN
Converts a decimal number to binary
DEC2HEX
Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal
DEC2OCT
Converts a decimal number to octal
DEGREES
Built In
Converts radians to degrees
DELTA
Test whether two values are equal
DEVSQ
Built In
Statistical
Returns the sum of the squares of the

deviations from the sample mean
DGET
Built In
Database
Extracts from a specified database a single

value that matches specified criteria
DISC
Returns the discount rate for a security using

DMAX
Built In
Database
DMIN
Built In
Database
Extracts maximum number in a column of a

list or database that matches specified
conditions
Extracts minimum number in a column of a list
or database that matches specified conditions
DOLLAR
Built In
Text
DOLLARDE
Converts a dollar price (expressed as a

fraction) into a dollar price expressed as a
decimal number
DOLLARFR
Converts a dollar price (expressed as a

decimal number) into a dollar price expressed
as a fraction
DPRODUCT
Built In
Multiplies the values in a particular field of

records that match the specified criteria in a
database
Maths
Database
Converts a number to text, using currency

format
DSTDEV
Built In
Database
Estimates standard deviation of a population

based on a sample using numbers in a
column of a list or database that match
specified conditions
DSTDEVP
Built In
Database
Calculates the standard deviation based on

the entire population using numbers in a
DSUM
Built In
Database
Adds the numbers in the field column of

records in the database that match the
specified criteria
DURATION
Returns the Macauley duration of a security

with periodic interest payments using the
DVAR
Built In
Database
Estimates the variance of a population based

on a sample by using the numbers in a column
of a list or database that match specified
criteria
DVARP
Built In
DataBase
Calculates the variance of a population based

on the entire population by using the numbers
in a column of a list or database that match
specified criteria
EDATE
Returns the Excel date / time serial number of

the date that is the indicated number of
months before or after the specified number of
months from the start_date
EFFECT
Returns the effective annual interest rate of a

given nominal rate with its compounding
frequency
EOMONTH

the last day of the month before or after a
specified number of months from start_date
ERF
Returns the error function integrated between

lower_limit and upper_limit
ERFC
Returns the complementary ERF function

integrated between x and infinity
ERROR.TYPE
Built In
Information
Returns a number corresponding to an Excel

error type
EUROCONVERT Add-in
External
Converts a number to or from Euros to or from

a member currency or converts between one
euro member currency to another using the
Euro as an intermediary (triangulation)
EVEN
Built In
Maths
Rounds a number away from zero to the

nearest even integer
EXACT
Built In
Text
Checks to see whether two text values are

identical
EXP
Built In
Maths
Returns e (=2.71828182845904) raised to the

power of a given number
EXPONDIST
Built In
Statistical
Returns the exponential distribution
FACT
Built In
FACTDOUBLE
Analysis ToolPak Maths
Returns the double factorial of a number
FALSE
Built In
Logical
Returns the logical value FALSE
FDIST
Built In
Statistical
Returns the F probability distribution
FIND
Built In
Text
Finds one text value within another (case

sensitive)
FINDB
Built In
Text

sensitive) based on the number of bytes each
character uses.
FINV
Built In
Statistical
Returns the inverse of the F probability

distribution
FISHER
Built In
Statistical
Returns the Fisher transformation at x
FISHERINV
Built In
Statistical
Returns the inverse of the Fisher

transformation
FIXED
Built In
Text
Formats a number as text with a fixed number

of decimals
FLOOR
Built In
Maths
Rounds a number down towards 0 to the

significance
FORECAST
Built In
Statistical
Calculates a predicted value of y for a given x

value based on known values for x and y
FREQUENCY
Built In
Statistical
Counts how often values occur within given

ranges of values and returns those counts as
a vertical array of numbers
FTEST
Built In
Statistical
Returns the result of an F-test; the one-tailed

probability that the variances in array1 and
array2 are not significantly different
FV
Built In
Financial
Returns the future value of an investment
FVSCHEDULE
Returns the future value of an initial principal

after applying a series of compound interest
rates
GAMMADIST
Built In
Statistical
Returns the gamma distribution
GAMMAINV
Built In
Statistical
Returns the inverse of the gamma distribution
GAMMALN
Built In
Statistical
Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma

function (x).
GCD
Returns the greatest common divisor of 2 - 29

integers
GEOMEAN
Built In
Returns the geometric mean of an array or

range of positive data
GESTEP
GETPIVOTDATA Built In
Maths
Statistical
External
Returns the factorial of a number
Tests whether a number is greater than a

threshold value
Returns data stored in a pivot table
GROWTH
Built In
Statistical
Calculates predicted exponential growth and

returns the y-values for a series of specified
new x-values by using known x-values and yvalues
HARMEAN
Built In
Statistical
Returns the harmonic mean of a data set by

calculating the reciprocal of the arithmetic
mean of reciprocals
HEX2BIN
Converts a hexadecimal to a binary
HEX2DEC
Converts a hexadecimal to a decimal
HEX2OCT
Converts a hexadecimal to an octal
HLOOKUP
Built In
Lookup & Ref
Looks in the top row of a table or array and

returns the value of the indicated cell
HOUR
Built In
Date & Time

an hour
HYPERLINK
Built In
Lookup & Ref
Creates a shortcut that opens a document on

your hard drive, a server or the internet
HYPGEOMDIST
Built In
Statistical
Returns the hypergeometric distribution by

calculating the probability of a given number of
sample successes, given the sample size,
population successes, and population size
IF
Built In
Logical
Returns one value specified condition

evaluates to TRUE and another value if it
evaluates to FALSE
IMABS
Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a

complex number provided in the text format "x
+ yi" or "x + yj"
IMAGINARY
Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex

number provided in the text format "x + yi" or
"x + yj"
IMARGUMENT
Returns the argument theta - an angle

expressed in radians
IMCONJUGATE
Returns the complex conjugate of a complex

"x + yj"
IMCOS
Returns the cosine of a complex number

provided in the text format "x + yi" or
"x + yj"
IMDIV
Returns the quotient of two complex numbers

provided in the text format "x + yi" or "x + yj"
IMEXP
Returns the exponential of a complex number

IMLN
Returns the natural logarithm of a complex

"x + yj"
IMLOG10
Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex

"x + yj"
IMLOG2
Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex

"x + yj"
IMPOWER
Returns a complex number provided in the

text format "x + yi" or "x + yj" raised to an
integer number
IMPRODUCT
Returns the product of 2 - 29 complex

numbers provided in the text format "x + yi" or
"x + yj"
IMREAL
Returns the real coefficient of a complex

"x + yj"
IMSIN
Returns the sine of a complex number

"x + yj"
IMSQRT
Returns the square root of a complex number

IMSUB
Returns the difference of two complex

"x + yj"
IMSUM
Returns the sum of 2 - 29 complex numbers

INDEX
Built In
Lookup & Ref
Alternative forms. Array form returns a value

or array of values. Reference form returns a
reference.
INDIRECT
Built In
Lookup & Ref
Returns a reference indicated by a value

provided as text
INFO
Built In
Information
returns information about the current operating

environment
INT
Built In
Maths
Rounds a number away from 0 to the nearest

integer
INTERCEPT
Built In
Statistical
Calculates from given x and y values the point

at which a line will intersect the y-axis
INTRATE
Returns the interest rate for a fully invested

security using the specified or default day
counting basis
IPMT
Built In
Financial
Returns the amount of the interest element in

a payment for an investment for a given period
IRR
Built In
Financial
Returns the internal rate of return for a series

of cash flows
ISBLANK
Built In
Information
Returns TRUE if the value is blank
ISERR
Built In
Information
Returns TRUE if the value is any error value

except #N/A
ISERROR
Built In
Information
ISEVEN
Analysis ToolPak Information
Returns TRUE if the number is even
ISLOGICAL
Built In
Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value
Information
ISNA
Built In
Information
Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error

value
ISNONTEXT
Built In
Information
Returns TRUE if the value is not text
ISNUMBER
Built In
Information
Returns TRUE if the value is a number
ISODD
Analysis ToolPak Information
Returns TRUE if the number is odd
ISPMT
Built In
Financial
Returns the interest associated with a specific

loan payment
ISREF
Built In
Information
Returns TRUE if the value is a reference
ISTEXT
Built In
Information
Returns TRUE if the value is text
JIS
Built In
Text
Changes half-width (single-byte) English

full-width (double-byte) characters.
KURT
Built In
Statistical
Returns the kurtosis of a data set; a measure

that compares the relative peakedness or
flatness of a distribution compared with the
normal distribution
LARGE
Built In
Statistical
Returns the kth largest value in a data set
LCM
Returns the least common multiple of 1 - 29

integers
LEFT
Built In
Text
Returns the left most characters from a text

value
LEFTB
Built In
Text
Returns the first character or characters in a

text string, based on the number of bytes you
specify.
LEN
Built In
Text
Returns the number of characters in a text

string
LENB
Built In
Text
Returns the number of bytes used to represent

the characters in a text string
LINEST
Built In
Statistical
Entered as an array formula, LINEST returns

an array that describes a line of best fit by
using the least squares method
LN
Built In
Maths
Returns the natural logarithm (base e =

2.71828182845904) of a number
LOG
Built In
Maths
Returns the logarithm of a number to a

specified base
LOG10
Built In
Maths
Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number
LOGEST
Built In
Statistical
Entered as an array formula, LOGEST

calculates an exponential curve that fits known
data and returns an array of values that
describes that curve
LOGINV
Built In
Statistical
Returns the inverse of the lognormal

cumulative distribution function of x, where
ln(x) is normally distributed with given
probability, mean, and standard deviation
LOGNORMDIST Built In
Statistical
Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution

of x, where ln(x) is normally distributed with
known mean and standard deviation
LOOKUP
Built In
Lookup & Ref
Alternative forms. Vector form looks up values

in a one row or column range and returns a
value in a second one row or column range.
Array form looks in the first row or column of
an array for the specified value and returns a
value from the same position in the last row or
column of the array
LOWER
Built In
Text
Converts text to lowercase
MATCH
Built In
Lookup & Ref
Returns the relative position of an item in an

array that matches a specified value in a
specified order
MAX
Built In
Statistical
Returns the maximum value in a list of

arguments ignoring logical values and text
MAXA
Built In
Statistical

arguments including logical values and text
MDETERM
Built In
Maths
Returns the matrix determinant of an array
MDURATION
Returns the Macauley modified duration for a

security with an assumed par value of $100
basis
MEDIAN
Built In
Statistical
Returns the median of the given numbers
MID
Built In
Text
Returns a specific number of characters from

a string starting at a specified position
MIDB
Built In
Text

a text string, starting at the position you
specify, based on the number of bytes
specified
MIN
Built In
Statistical
Returns the minimum value in a list of

MINA
Built In
Statistical

MINUTE
Built In
Date & Time

a minute
MINVERSE
Built In
Maths
Returns the matrix inverse of an array
MIRR
Built In
Financial
Returns the modified internal rate of return

based on different finance and reinvestment
rates for negative and positive cash flows
MMULT
Built In
Maths
Returns the matrix product of two arrays
MOD**
Built In
Maths
Returns the remainder from division with the

result having the same sign as the divisor
MODE
Built In
Statistical
Returns the most common value in a data set
MONTH
Built In
MROUND
Returns a number rounded to the desired

multiple. Midway points are rounded away
from 0
MULTINOMIAL
Returns the ratio of the factorial of a sum of

values to the product of factorials
Built In
Information
Returns a value converted to a number
NA
Built In
Information
Returns the error value #N/A
Statistical
Returns the negative binomial distribution; the

probability that there will be number_f failures
before the number_s-th success, when the
constant probability of a success is
probability_s
NEGBINOMDIST Built In
Date & Time

a month number
NETWORKDAYS Analysis ToolPak Date & Time
Returns the number of whole working days

between two dates excluding specified
holidays
NOMINAL
Returns the nominal rate equivalent to a given

annual effective with a given compounding
frequency for the nominal rate
NORMDIST
Built In
Statistical
Returns the cumulative distribution function or

probability mass function for the value x with
specified mean and standard deviation
NORMINV
Built In
Statistical
Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative

distribution for the specified probability, mean,
and standard deviation
NORMSDIST
Built In
Statistical
Returns the standard normal cumulative

distribution function. The distribution has a
mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
NORMSINV
Built In
Statistical
Returns the inverse of the standard normal

cumulative distribution
NOT
Built In
Logical
Reverses the logic of its argument
NOW
Built In
Date & Time

the current date and time
NPER
Built In
Financial
Returns the number of periods for an

investment
NPV
Built In
Financial
Returns the net present value of an

investment based upon a series of periodic
cash flows and a discount rate where the first
cash flow is received at the end of the first
period
OCT2BIN
Converts an octal number to binary
OCT2DEC
Converts an octal number to decimal
OCT2HEX
Converts an octal number to hexadecimal
ODD
Built In

odd integer
Maths
ODDFPRICE
Returns the price per $100 face value of a

security with an odd first period using the
ODDFYIELD
Returns the yield of a security with an odd first

period using the specified or default day
counting basis
ODDLPRICE

security with an odd last period using the
ODDLYIELD
Returns the yield of a security with an odd last

counting basis
OFFSET
Built In
Lookup & Ref
Returns a reference to a range that is a

specified number of rows and columns from a
cell or range of cells
OR
Built In
Logical
ReturnsTRUE if any argument is TRUE
PEARSON
Built In
Statistical
Returns the Pearson product moment

correlation coefficient
PERCENTILE
Built In
Statistical
Returns the kth percentile of values in a range
PERCENTRANK Built In
Statistical
Returns the percentage rank of a value in a

data set
PERMUT
Built In
Statistical
Returns the number of permutations for a

given number of objects that can be selected
from a number of objects without replacement
PHONETIC
Built In
Text
Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters

from a text string
PI
Built In
Maths
Returns the number 3.14159265358979, the

mathematical constant pi, accurate to 15 digits
PMT
Built In
Financial
Returns the periodic payment for an annuity
POISSON
Built In
Statistical
Returns the Poisson distribution
POWER
Built In
Maths
Returns the result of a number raised to a

power
PPMT
Built In
Financial
Returns the amount of principal element in a

payment for an investment for a given period
PRICE

security that pays periodic interest using the
PRICEDISC

discounted security using the specified or
default day counting basis
PRICEMAT

security that pays interest at maturity using the
PROB
Built In
Statistical
Returns either the probability that values in a

range are between two limits or if upper_limit
is not specified, the probability that values in
x_range are equal to lower_limit
PRODUCT
Built In
Maths
Multiplies together 1 - 30 numbers
PROPER
Built In
Text
Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a

text value
PV
Built In
Financial
Returns the present value of an investment
QUARTILE
Built In
Statistical
Returns the quartile of a data set
QUOTIENT
Returns the integer portion of a division
RADIANS
Built In
Maths
Converts degrees to radians
RAND
Built In
Maths
Returns an evenly distributed random number

greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1
RANDBETWEEN Analysis ToolPak Maths
Returns a random number between (and

inclusive of) two specified numbers
RANK
Built In
Statistical
Returns the rank of a number in a list of

numbers
RATE
Built In
Financial
Returns the interest rate per period of an

annuity
RECEIVED
Returns the amount received at maturity for a

fully invested security using the specified or
REGISTER.ID
Built In
External
Returns the register ID of the specified

dynamic link library (DLL) or code resource
that has been previously registered
REPLACE
Built In
Text
Replaces characters within text
REPLACEB
Built In
Text
Replaces part of a text string, based on the

number of bytes you specify, with a different
text string.
REPT
Built In
Text
Repeats text a given number of times
RIGHT
Built In
Text
Returns the rightmost characters from a text

value
RIGHTB
Built In
Text
Returns the last character or characters in a

specify
ROMAN
Built In
Maths
Converts an arabic number to Roman, as text
ROUND
Built In
Maths
Rounds a number to a specified number of

digits to the left (-) or right (+) of the decimal
point. The midway digit 5 is rounded away
from 0.
ROUNDDOWN
Built In
Maths
Rounds a number down towards 0 to a

specified number of digits to the left (-) or right
(+) of the decimal point
ROUNDUP
Built In
Maths
Round a number up away from 0 to a

ROW
Built In
Lookup & Ref
Returns the row number of a reference
ROWS
Built In
Lookup & Ref
Returns the number of rows in a reference
RSQ
Built In
Statistical
Returns the square of the Pearson product

moment correlation coefficient through data
points in known_y's and known_x's
RTD
Built In
Lookup & Ref
Retrieves real-time data from a program that

supports COM automation
SEARCH
Built In
Text
Finds one text value within another (not case

sensitive) and returns the number of the
starting position
SEARCHB
Built In
Text
Finds one text string (find_text) within another

text string (within_text), and returns the
number of the starting position of find_text.
The result is based on the number of bytes
each character uses, beginning with start_num
SECOND
Built In
Date & Time

a second
SERIESSUM
Returns the sum of a power series expansion
SIGN
Built In
Maths
Returns 1 for positve numbers, 0 if the number

is 0 and, -1 if the number is negative
SIN
Built In
Maths
Returns the sine of a given angle given in

radians
SINH
Built In
Maths
Returns the hyperbolic sine of a given angle
SKEW
Built In
Statistical
Returns the skewness of a distribution
SLN
Built In
Financial
Returns the straight-line depreciation of an

asset for one period.
SLOPE
Built In
Statistical
Returns the slope (vertical distance /

horizontal distance) of the linear regression
line through data points in known_y's and
known_x's
SMALL
Built In
Statistical
Returns the kth smallest value in a data set
SQL.REQUEST
ODBC
External
Connects with an external data source, and

runs a query from a worksheet.
SQL.REQUEST then returns the result as an
array
SQRT
Built In
Maths
Returns a positive square root
SQRTPI
Returns the square root of a number multiplied

by pi
STANDARDIZE
Built In
Returns a normalized value from a distribution

with known mean and standard_dev
Statistical
STDEV
Built In
Statistical
Estimates standard distribution based on a

sample ignoring text and logical values
STDEVA
Built In
Statistical
Estimates standard deviation based on a

sample including text and logical values
STDEVP
Built In
Statistical
Calculates standard distribution based on the

entire population ignoring text and logical
values
STDEVPA
Built In
Statistical
Calculates standard deviation based on the

entire population including text and logical
values
STEYX
Built In
Statistical
Returns the standard error of the predicted yvalue for each x in the regression
SUBSTITUTE
Built In
Text
Substitutes new text for old text in a text string
SUBTOTAL
Built In
Maths
Returns the sutotal in a list or database
SUM
Built In
Maths
Adds its arguments
SUMIF
Built In
Maths
Add the cells specified by a given criteria
SUMPRODUCT
Built In
Maths
Returns the sum of the products of

corresponding array components
SUMSQ
Built In
Maths
Returns the sum of the squares of 1 - 30

numbers
SUMX2MY2
Built In
Maths
Returns the sum of the difference of squares

of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMX2PY2
Built In
Maths
Returns the sum of the sum of squares of

corresponding values in two arrays
SUMXMY2
Built In
Maths
Returns the sum of squares of differences of

corresponding values in two array
SYD
Built In
Financial
Returns the sum of years' digits depreciation

of an asset for a specified period
Built In
Text
Converts its arguments to text
TAN
Built In
Maths
Returns the tangent of a given angle given in

radians
TANH
Built In
Maths
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number
TBILLEQ
Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a

treasury bill
TBILLPRICE
Returns the price per $100 face value for a

Treasury bill
TBILLYIELD
Returns the yield for a treasury bill
TDIST
Built In
Statistical
Returns the probability for the Student tdistribution where a numeric value (x) is a
calculated value of t for which the probability is
to be computed
TEXT
Built In
Text
Formats a number and converts it to text
TIME
Built In
Date & Time
Returns the decimal portion of an Excel date /

time serial number for a particular time
TIMEVALUE
Built In
Date & Time
Converts the time in an acceptable form of

text enclosed in quotation marks to the
decimal portion of an Excel date / time serial
number
TINV
Built In
Statistical
Returns the t-value of the Student's tdistribution based on given probability and
degrees of freedom
TODAY
Built In
Date & Time

today's date
TRANSPOSE
Built In
Lookup & Ref
Returns the transpose of an array
TREND
Built In
Statistical
Entered as an array formula, TREND fits a

straight line using the least squares method to
arrays of known_y's and known_x's and
returns the y-values along that line for the
array of specified new_x's
TRIM
Built In
Text
Removes all spaces from text except single

spaces between words
TRIMMEAN
Built In
Statistical
Calculates the mean by excluding a specified

percentage of data points from the top and
bottom tails of a data set
TRUE
Built In
Logical
Returns the logical value TRUE
TRUNC
Built In
Maths
Truncates a number to an integer or to

specified precision by removing the fractional
part of the number. (Serves to round down
towards 0)
TTEST
Built In
Statistical
Returns the probability associated with a

student's t-test
TYPE
Built In
Information
Returns the type of value (1 for value is a

number; 2 for value is text; 4 for value is
logical value; 16 for value is error value; 64 for
value is array)
UPPER
Built In
Text
Converts text to uppercase
VALUE
Built In
Text
Converts a text argument to a number
VAR
Built In
Statistical
Estimates variance based on a sample

ignoring logical values and text
VARA
Built In
Statistical

including text and logical values
VARP
Built In
Statistical
Calculates variance based on the entire

population ignoring text and logical values
VARPA
Built In
Statistical

population including text and logical values
VDB
Built In
Financial

specified or partial period using a variable
declining balance method
VLOOKUP
Built In
Lookup & Ref
Locates a specified value in the leftmost

column of a specified table, and returns the
value in the same row from a specified column
in the table
WEEKDAY
Built In
Date & Time

the number of the day of the week based upon
counting system of return_type
WEEKNUM
Returns the weeknumber in the year based

upon return_type counting basis
WEIBULL
Built In
Returns the Weibull distribution
WORKDAY

the date before or after a specified number of
workdays excluding holidays
XIRR
Returns the annual effective interest rate for a

schedule of cash flows received at specified
dates
XNPV
Returns the net present value for a schedule

of cash flows received at specified dates
YEAR
Built In
Date & Time

a year
YEARFRAC
Returns the difference between start_date and

end_date expressed as a number of years
including decimal fraction of a year.
YEN
Built In
Converts a number to text, using the (yen)

currency format, with the number rounded to a
specified place
YIELD
Returns the yield on a security that pays

periodic interest using the specified or default
day counting basis
YIELDDISC
Returns the annual yield for a discounted

counting basis.
YIELDMAT
Returns the annual yield of a security that

pays interest at maturity using the specified or
ZTEST
Built In
Returns the two-tailed P-value of a z-test
Notes:
** The Excel MOD function uses a different definition of MOD to that used by VBA Mod function insofar as negative numbers are conc
Statistical
Text
Statistical
XCEL FUNCTIONS
Syntax
=ABS(Number)
=ACCRINT(Issue,First_Interest,Settlement,Rate,
Par,Frequency,Basis)
=ACCRINTM(Issue,Settlement,Rate,Par,Basis)
=ACOS(Number)
=ACOSH(Number)
=ADDRESS(Row_num,Column_num,Abs_num,
A1,Sheet_text)
=AMORDEGRC(Cost,Date_purchased,First_period,
Salvage,Period,Rate,Basis)
=AMORLINC(Cost,Date_purchased,First_period,
=AND(Logical1,Logical2,)
=AREAS(reference)
=ASC(Text)
=ASIN(Number)
=ASINH(Number)
=ATAN(Number)
=ATAN2(x_num,y_num)
=ATANH(Number)
=AVEDEV(Number1,Number2,)
=AVERAGE(Number1,Number2,)
=AVERAGEA(Value1,Value2,)
=BAHTTEXT(number)
=BESSELI(x,n)
=BESSELJ(x,n)
=BESSELK(x,n)
=BESSELY(x,n)
=BETADIST(x,alpha,beta,A,B)
=BETAINV(probability,alpha,beta,A,B)
=BIN2DEC(Number)
=BIN2HEX(Number,Places)
=BIN2OCT(Number,Places)
=BINOMDIST(number_s,trials,probability_s,
cumulative)
=CALL(register_id,argument1,...) With Register.id
=CALL(module_text,procedure,type_text,
argument1,...) Excel for Windows
=CALL(file_text,resource,type_text,
argument1,...) Excel for Macintosh
=CEILING(number,significance)
=CELL(info_type,reference)
=CHAR(Number)
=CHIDIST(x,degrees_freedom)
=CHIINV(probability,degrees_freedom)
=CHITEST(actual_range,expected_range)
=CHOOSE(index_num,value1,value2,...)
=CLEAN(text)
=CODE(text)
=COLUMN(reference)
=COLUMNS(array)
=COMBIN(number,number_chosen)
=COMPLEX(real_num,i_num,suffix)
=CONCATENATE (text1,text2,...)
=CONFIDENCE(alpha,standard_dev,size)
=CONVERT(number,from_unit,to_unit)
=CORREL(array1,array2)
=COS(Number)
=COSH(Number)
=COUNT(value1,value2, ...)
=COUNTA(value1,value2, ...)
=COUNTBLANK(range)
=COUNTIF(range,criteria)
=COUPDAYBS(settlement,maturity,
frequency,basis)
=COUPDAYS(settlement,maturity,
frequency,basis)
=COUPDAYSNC(settlement,maturity,
frequency,basis)
=COUPNCD(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
=COUPNUM(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
=COUPPCD(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
=COVAR(array1,array2)
=CRITBINOM(trials,probability_s,alpha)
=CUMIPMT(rate,nper,pv,start_period,end_period,
type)
=CUMPRINC(rate,nper,pv,start_period,end_period,
type)
=DATE(year,month,day)
=DATEDIF(start_date,end_date,unit)
=DATEVALUE(date_text)
=DAVERAGE(database,field,criteria)
=DAY(serial_number)
=DAYS360(start_date,end_date,method)
=DB(cost,salvage,life,period,month)
=DCOUNT(database,field,criteria)
=DCOUNTA(database,field,criteria)
=DDB(cost,salvage,life,period,factor)
=DEC2BIN(Number)
=DEC2HEX(Number)
=DEC2OCT(Number)
=DEGREES(angle)
=DELTA(number1,number2)
=DEVSQ(number1,number2,...)
=DGET(database,field,criteria)
=DISC(settlement,maturity,pr,redemption,basis)
=DMAX(database,field,criteria)
=DMIN(database,field,criteria)
=DOLLAR(number,decimals)
=DOLLARDE(fractional_dollar,fraction)
=DOLLARFR(decimal_dollar,fraction)
=DPRODUCT(database,field,criteria)
=DSTDEV(database,field,criteria)
=DSTDEVP(database,field,criteria)
=DSUM(database,field,criteria)
=DURATION(settlement,maturity,coupon,yld,
frequency,basis)
=DVAR(database,field,criteria)
=DVARP(database,field,criteria)
=EDATE(start_date,months)
=EFFECT(nominal_rate,npery)
=EOMONTH(start_date,months)
=ERF(lower_limit,upper_limit)
=ERFC(x)
=ERROR.TYPE(error_val)
=EUROCONVERT(number,source,target,
full_precision,triangulation_precision)
=EVEN(Number)
=EXACT(text1,text2)
=EXP(Number)
=EXPONDIST(x,lambda,cumulative)
=FACT(Number)
=FACTDOUBLE(number)
=FALSE()
=FDIST(x,degrees_freedom1,
degrees_freedom2)
=FIND(find_text,within_text,start_num)
=FINDB(find_text,within_text,start_num)
=FINV(probability,degrees_freedom1,
degrees_freedom2)
=FISHER(x)
=FISHERINV(y)
=FIXED(number,decimals,no_commas)
=FLOOR(number,significance)
=FORECAST(x,known_y's,known_x's)
=FREQUENCY(data_array,bins_array)
=FTEST(array1,array2)
=FV(rate,nper,pmt,pv,type)
=FVSCHEDULE(principal,schedule)
=GAMMADIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)
=GAMMAINV(probability,alpha,beta)
=GAMMALN(x)
=GCD(number1,number2, ...)
=GEOMEAN(number1,number2, ...)
=GESTEP(number,step)
=GETPIVOTDATA(data_field,pivot_table,field1,item1,field2,item2,...)
=GROWTH(known_y's,known_x's,new_x's,const)
=HARMEAN(number1,number2, ...)
=HEX2BIN(Number,Places)
=HEX2DEC(Number)
=HEX2OCT(Number,Places)
=HLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,
row_index_num,range_lookup)
=HOUR(serial_number)
=HYPERLINK(link_location,friendly_name)
=HYPGEOMDIST(sample_s,number_sample,
population_s,number_population)
=IF(logical_test,value_if_true,value_if_false)
=IMABS(inumber)
=IMAGINARY(inumber)
=IMARGUMENT(inumber)
=IMCONJUGATE(inumber)
=IMCOS(inumber)
=IMDIV(inumber1,inumber2)
=IMEXP(inumber)
=IMLN(inumber)
=IMLOG10(inumber)
=IMLOG2(inumber)
=IMPOWER(inumber,number)
=IMPRODUCT(inumber1,inumber2,...)
=IMREAL(inumber)
=IMSIN(inumber)
=IMSQRT(inumber)
=IMSUB(inumber1,inumber2)
=IMSUM(inumber1,inumber2,...)
=INDEX(array,row_num,column_num)
=INDEX(reference,row_num,column_num,
area_num)
=INDIRECT(ref_text,a1)
=INFO(type_text)
=INT(Number)
=INTERCEPT(known_y's,known_x's)
=INTRATE(settlement,maturity,investment,
redemption,basis)
=IPMT(rate,per,nper,pv,fv,type)
=IRR(values,guess)
=ISBLANK(Value)
=ISERR(Value)
=ISERROR(Value)
=ISEVEN(Number)
=ISLOGICAL(Value)
=ISNA(Value)
=ISNONTEXT(Value)
=ISNUMBER(Value)
=ISODD(Number)
=ISPMT(rate,per,nper,pv)
=ISREF(Value)
=ISTEXT(Value)
=JIS(text)
=KURT(number1,number2, ...)
=LARGE(array,k)
=LCM(number1,number2, ...)
=LEFT(text,num_chars)
=LEFTB(text,num_bytes)
=LEN(text)
=LENB(text)
=LINEST(known_y's,known_x's,const,stats)
=LN(Number)
=LOG(Number,base)
=LOG10(Number)
=LOGEST(known_y's,known_x's,const,stats)
=LOGINV(probability,mean,standard_dev)
=LOGNORMDIST(x,mean,standard_dev)
=LOOKUP(lookup_value,lookup_vector,
result_vector)
=LOOKUP(lookup_value,array)
=LOWER(text)
=MATCH(lookup_value,lookup_array,
match_type)
=MAX(number1,number2,...)
=MAXA(value1,value2,...)
=MDETERM(array)
=MDURATION(settlement,maturity,coupon,yld,
frequency,basis)
=MEDIAN(number1,number2, ...)
=MID(text,start_num,num_chars)
=MIDB(text,start_num,num_bytes)
=MIN(number1,number2,...)
=MINA(value1,value2,...)
=MINUTE(serial_number)
=MINVERSE(array)
=MIRR(values,finance_rate,reinvest_rate)
=MMULT(array1,array2)
=MOD(number,divisor)
=MODE(number1,number2,...)
=MONTH(serial_number)
=MROUND(number,multiple)
=MULTINOMIAL(number1,number2, ...)
=N(Value)
=NA()
=NEGBINOMDIST(number_f,number_s,
probability_s)
=NETWORKDAYS(start_date,end_date,holidays)
=NOMINAL(effect_rate,npery)
=NORMDIST(x,mean,standard_dev,cumulative)
=NORMINV(probability,mean,standard_dev)
=NORMSDIST(z)
=NORMSINV(probability)
=NOT(Logical)
=NOW()
=NPER(rate, pmt, pv, fv, type)
=NPV(rate,value1,value2, ...)
=OCT2BIN(number,places)
=OCT2DEC(number)
=OCT2HEX(number,places)
=ODD(number)
=ODDFPRICE(settlement,maturity,issue,
first_coupon,rate,yld,redemption,
frequency,basis)
=ODDFYIELD(settlement,maturity,issue,
first_coupon,rate,pr,redemption,
frequency,basis)
=ODDLPRICE(settlement,maturity,last_interest,
rate,yld,redemption,frequency,basis)
=ODDLYIELD(settlement,maturity,last_interest,
rate,pr,redemption,frequency,basis)
=OFFSET(reference,rows,cols,height,width)
=OR(logical1,logical2,...)
=PEARSON(array1,array2)
=PERCENTILE(array,k)
=PERCENTRANK(array,x,significance)
=PERMUT(number,number_chosen)
=PHONETIC(reference)
=PI()
=PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv,type)
=POISSON(x,mean,cumulative)
=POWER(number,power)
=PPMT(rate,per,nper,pv,fv,type)
=PRICE(settlement,maturity,rate,yld,redemption,
frequency,basis)
=PRICEDISC(settlement,maturity,discount,
redemption,basis)
=PRICEMAT(settlement,maturity,issue,rate,
yld,basis)
=PROB(x_range,prob_range,lower_limit,
upper_limit)
=PRODUCT(number1,number2, ...)
=PROPER(text)
=PV(rate,nper,pmt,fv,type)
=QUARTILE(array,quart)
=QUOTIENT(numerator,denominator)
=RADIANS(angle)
=RAND()
=RANDBETWEEN(bottom,top)
=RANK(number,ref,order)
=RATE(nper,pmt,pv,fv,type,guess)
=RECEIVED(settlement,maturity,investment,
discount,basis)
=REGISTER.ID(module_text,procedure,type_text)
=REPLACE(old_text,start_num,num_chars,
new_text)
=REPLACEB(old_text,start_num,num_bytes,
new_text)
=REPT(text,number_times)
=RIGHT(text,num_chars)
=RIGHTB(text,num_bytes)
=ROMAN(number,form)
=ROUND(number,num_digits)
=ROUNDDOWN(number,num_digits)
=ROUNDUP(number,num_digits)
=ROW(reference)
=ROWS(array)
=RSQ(known_y's,known_x's)
=RTD(ProgID,server,topic1,[topic2],...)
=SEARCH(find_text,within_text,start_num)
=SEARCHB(find_text,within_text,start_num)
=SECOND(serial_number)
=SERIESSUM(x,n,m,coefficients)
=SIGN(number)
=SIN(number)
=SINH(number)
=SKEW(number1,number2,...)
=SLN(cost,salvage,life)
=SLOPE(known_y's,known_x's)
=SMALL(array,k)
=SQL.REQUEST(connection_string,output_ref,
driver_prompt,query_text,col_names_logical)
=SQRT(number)
=SQRTPI(number)
=STANDARDIZE(x,mean,standard_dev)
=STDEV(number1,number2,...)
=STDEVA(value1,value2,...)
=STDEVP(number1,number2,...)
=STDEVPA(value1,value2,...)
=STEYX(known_y's,known_x's)
=SUBSTITUTE(text,old_text,new_text,
instance_num)
=SUBTOTAL(function_num,ref1,ref2,...)
=SUM(number1,number2, ...)
=SUMIF(range,criteria,sum_range)
=SUMPRODUCT(array1,array2,array3, ...)
=SUMSQ(number1,number2, ...)
=SUMX2MY2(array_x,array_y)
=SUMX2PY2(array_x,array_y)
=SUMXMY2(array_x,array_y)
=SYD(cost,salvage,life,per)
=T(value)
=TAN(number)
=TANH(number)
=TBILLEQ(settlement,maturity,discount)
=TBILLPRICE(settlement,maturity,discount)
=TBILLYIELD(settlement,maturity,pr)
=TDIST(x,degrees_freedom,tails)
=TEXT(value,format_text)
=TIME(hour,minute,second)
=TIMEVALUE(time_text)
=TINV(probability,degrees_freedom)
=TODAY()
=TRANSPOSE(array)
=TREND(known_y's,known_x's,new_x's,const)
=TRIM(text)
=TRIMMEAN(array,percent)
=TRUE()
=TRUNC(number,num_digits)
=TTEST(array1,array2,tails,type)
=TYPE(value)
=UPPER(text)
=VALUE(text)
=VAR(number1,number2,...)
=VARA(value1,value2,...)
=VARP(number1,number2,...)
=VARPA(value1,value2,...)
=VDB(cost,salvage,life,start_period,end_period,
factor,no_switch)
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,
col_index_num,range_lookup)
=WEEKDAY(serial_number,return_type)
=WEEKNUM(serial_num,return_type)
=WEIBULL(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)
=WORKDAY(start_date,days,holidays)
=XIRR(values,dates,guess)
=XNPV(rate,values,dates)
=YEAR(serial_number)
=YEARFRAC(start_date,end_date,basis)
=YEN(number,decimals)
=YIELD(settlement,maturity,rate,pr,redemption,
frequency,basis)
=YIELDDISC(settlement,maturity,pr,redemption,
basis)
=YIELDMAT(settlement,maturity,issue,rate,pr,
basis)
=ZTEST(array,x,sigma)
t used by VBA Mod function insofar as negative numbers are concerned.
Database Functions
Name
Source
Description
DAVERAGE
Built In
Returns the average of selected list or

database entries based on specified criteria
DCOUNT*
Built In
Counts the cells containing numbers from a

specified database that match specified
criteria
DCOUNTA*
Built In
Counts non blank cells from a specified

database that match specified criteria criteria
DGET
Built In
Extracts from a specified database a single

value that matches specified criteria
DMAX
Built In
Extracts maximum number in a column of a

list or database that matches specified
conditions
DMIN
Built In
Extracts minimum number in a column of a list

or database that matches specified conditions
DPRODUCT
Built In
Multiplies the values in a particular field of

records that match the specified criteria in a
database
DSTDEV
Built In
Estimates standard deviation of a population

based on a sample using numbers in a
DSTDEVP
Built In
Calculates the standard deviation based on

the entire population using numbers in a
specified criteria
DSUM
Built In
Adds the numbers in the field column of

records in the database that match the
specified criteria
DVAR
Built In
Estimates the variance of a population based

on a sample by using the numbers in a column
of a list or database that match specified
criteria
DVARP
Built In
Calculates the variance of a population based

on the entire population by using the numbers
in a column of a list or database that match
specified criteria
Notes:
* See also COUNT, COUNTA and FREQUENCY (Statistical) and COUNTIF (Maths) and COUNTBLANK (Information)
Database Function Arguments

Argument
Description
Database
The range of cells that makes up the list or database
Field
Indicates which column is used in the function as text in inverted commas or as number of field
Criteria
The range of cells that contains the conditions you specify
base Functions
Syntax
=DAVERAGE(database,field,criteria)
=DCOUNT(database,field,criteria)
=DCOUNTA(database,field,criteria)
=DGET(database,field,criteria)
=DMAX(database,field,criteria)
=DMIN(database,field,criteria)
=DPRODUCT(database,field,criteria)
=DSTDEV(database,field,criteria)
=DSTDEVP(database,field,criteria)
=DSUM(database,field,criteria)
=DVAR(database,field,criteria)
=DVARP(database,field,criteria)
tatistical) and COUNTIF (Maths) and COUNTBLANK (Information)
Function Arguments
p the list or database
in the function as text in inverted commas or as number of field
the conditions you specify
Date & Time Functions

Name
Source
Description
DATE
Built In
Returns the sequential Excel date / time serial

number that represents a particular date
DATEDIF*
Analysis ToolPak Calculates differences between two dates in

terms of specified units and assumptions
DATEVALUE
Built In
Converts a date text form to an Excel date /

time serial number
DAY
Built In

the day of a month
DAYS360
Built In
Calculates the number of days between two

dates using a specified 30 day month 360 day
year method
EDATE
Analysis ToolPak Returns the Excel date / time serial number of

the date that is the indicated number of
months before or after the specified number of
months from the start_date
EOMONTH

the last day of the month before or after a
specified number of months from start_date
HOUR
Built In

an hour
MINUTE
Built In

a minute
MONTH
Built In

a month number
NETWORKDAYS Analysis ToolPak Returns the number of whole working days

between two dates excluding specified
holidays
NOW
Built In

the current date and time
SECOND
Built In

a second
TIME
Built In
Returns the decimal portion of an Excel date /

time serial number for a particular time
TIMEVALUE
Built In
Converts the time in an acceptable form of

text enclosed in quotation marks to the
decimal portion of an Excel date / time serial
number
TODAY
Built In

today's date
WEEKDAY
Built In

the number of the day of the week based upon
counting system of return_type
WEEKNUM
Analysis ToolPak Returns the weeknumber in the year based

upon return_type counting basis
WORKDAY

the date before or after a specified number of
workdays excluding holidays
YEAR
Built In

a year
YEARFRAC
Analysis ToolPak Returns the difference between start_date and

end_date expressed as a number of years
including decimal fraction of a year.
Notes:
* See Appendix 2. DATEDIF really does exist! It is an Excel built in function. It doesn't appear in the listings in the function
wizard and the only documentation reference is in the Help files for Excel 2000.
Date and Time Function Arguments

Argument
Description
Basis
(For Securities Functions)
The type of day count basis to use: 0 or omitted = US(NASD) 30/360

1 = Actual / Actual 2 = Actual / 360
3 = Actual / 365
4 = European 30/360
Date_text
A date enclosed in quotation marks that is in a date text form acceptable to Excel. Note that acceptable date
forms vary with system and Excel settings.
Day
A number representing the day of the month. If day is greater than the number of days in the month
specified, day aggregates the month and year arguments appropriately and day represents the balance
after this aggregation
Days
The number of nonweekend and nonholiday days before or after start_date. A positive value for days yields
a future date; a negative value yields a past date
End_date
The last date as an acceptable date in inverted commas or as a serial number
Holidays
An optional range of one or more dates to exclude from the working calendar. The list can be either a range
of cells that contains the dates or an array constant of the serial numbers that represent the dates
Hour
A number from 0 to 32767 representing the hour. Any value greater than 23 will be divided by 24 and the
remainder will be treated as the hour value
Method
FALSE or omitted = US (NASD) 30/360 method; TRUE = European 30/360 method
Minute
A number from 0 to 32767 representing the minute. Any value greater than 59 will be converted to hours
and minutes
Month
(For DATE function)
A number representing the month of the year. If month is greater than 12, month adds that number of
months to the first month in the year specified
Months
The number of months before or after start_date
Return_type
(WEEKDAY only)
A number that determines the type of return value: 1 (or omitted) 1 = Sunday; 2 = 1 = Monday; 3 = 0 =
Monday
Return_type
(WEEKNUM only)
A number that determines on which day the week begins; 1 (or omitted) = starts Sunday nums 1 to 7; 2 =
starts Monday nums 1 to 7
Second
A number from 0 to 32767 representing the second. Any value greater than 59 will be converted to hours,
minutes, and seconds
Serial_num
A date / time serial number. Dates should be entered by using the DATE function, or as results of other
formulas or functions
Serial_Number
An Excel date / time serial number. Dates should be entered by using the DATE function, or as results of
other formulas or functions. The Excel date serial number varies according to setting of 1900 or 1904 date
system in Tools > Options > Calculation.
Start_date
The first date as an acceptable date in inverted commas or as a serial number
Time_text
A text string enclosed in quotation marks that represents a time in any one of the Excel time formats
Unit
"y" = years; "m" = months; "d" = days; "md" = days ignoring months and years; "ym" = years and months;
"yd" = years and days
Year
The year number as one to four digits
& Time Functions

Syntax
=DATE(year,month,day)
=DATEDIF(start_date,end_date,unit)
=DATEVALUE(date_text)
=DAY(serial_number)
=DAYS360(start_date,end_date,method)
=EDATE(start_date,months)
=EOMONTH(start_date,months)
=HOUR(serial_number)
=MINUTE(serial_number)
=MONTH(serial_number)
=NETWORKDAYS(start_date,end_date,holidays)
=NOW()
=SECOND(serial_number)
=TIME(hour,minute,second)
=TIMEVALUE(time_text)
=TODAY()
=WEEKDAY(serial_number,return_type)
=WEEKNUM(serial_num,return_type)
=WORKDAY(start_date,days,holidays)
=YEAR(serial_number)
=YEARFRAC(start_date,end_date,basis)
an Excel built in function. It doesn't appear in the listings in the function

he Help files for Excel 2000.
me Function Arguments
se: 0 or omitted = US(NASD) 30/360

360
an 30/360
rks that is in a date text form acceptable to Excel. Note that acceptable date
el settings.
of the month. If day is greater than the number of days in the month
onth and year arguments appropriately and day represents the balance
d nonholiday days before or after start_date. A positive value for days yields
yields a past date
date in inverted commas or as a serial number
e dates to exclude from the working calendar. The list can be either a range
or an array constant of the serial numbers that represent the dates
senting the hour. Any value greater than 23 will be divided by 24 and the
hour value
30/360 method; TRUE = European 30/360 method
senting the minute. Any value greater than 59 will be converted to hours
th of the year. If month is greater than 12, month adds that number of
year specified
r after start_date
pe of return value: 1 (or omitted) 1 = Sunday; 2 = 1 = Monday; 3 = 0 =
hich day the week begins; 1 (or omitted) = starts Sunday nums 1 to 7; 2 =
senting the second. Any value greater than 59 will be converted to hours,
es should be entered by using the DATE function, or as results of other
ber. Dates should be entered by using the DATE function, or as results of

Excel date serial number varies according to setting of 1900 or 1904 date
culation.
on marks that represents a time in any one of the Excel time formats
days; "md" = days ignoring months and years; "ym" = years and months;
digits
Engineering Functions
Name
Source
BESSELI
Analysis ToolPak Returns the Bessel function evaluated for

purely imaginary arguments
Description
BESSELJ
Analysis ToolPak Returns the Bessel function represented by

Jn(x)
BESSELK
Analysis ToolPak Returns the modified Bessel function

represented by Kn(x)
BESSELY
Analysis ToolPak Returns the Bessel / Weber / Neumann

function Yn(x)
BIN2DEC
Analysis ToolPak Converts binary number to decimal
BIN2HEX
Analysis ToolPak Converts binary number to hexadecimal
BIN2OCT
Analysis ToolPak Converts binary number to octal
COMPLEX
Analysis ToolPak Converts real and imaginary coefficients into

complex numbers of the form x + yi or x + yj
depending upon suffix
CONVERT
Analysis ToolPak Converts a number from one measurement

system to another
DEC2BIN
Analysis ToolPak Converts a decimal number to binary
DEC2HEX
Analysis ToolPak Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal
DEC2OCT
Analysis ToolPak Converts a decimal number to octal
DELTA
Analysis ToolPak Test whether two values are equal
ERF
Analysis ToolPak Returns the error function integrated between

lower_limit and upper_limit
ERFC
Analysis ToolPak Returns the complementary ERF function

integrated between x and infinity
GESTEP
Analysis ToolPak Tests whether a number is greater than a

threshold value
HEX2BIN
Analysis ToolPak Converts a hexadecimal to a binary
HEX2DEC
Analysis ToolPak Converts a hexadecimal to a decimal
HEX2OCT
Analysis ToolPak Converts a hexadecimal to an octal
IMABS
Analysis ToolPak Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a

complex number provided in the text format "x
+ yi" or "x + yj"
IMAGINARY
Analysis ToolPak Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex

"x + yj"
IMARGUMENT
Analysis ToolPak Returns the argument theta - an angle

expressed in radians
IMCONJUGATE
Analysis ToolPak Returns the complex conjugate of a complex

"x + yj"
IMCOS
Analysis ToolPak Returns the cosine of a complex number

"x + yj"
IMDIV
Analysis ToolPak Returns the quotient of two complex numbers

IMEXP
Analysis ToolPak Returns the exponential of a complex number

IMLN
Analysis ToolPak Returns the natural logarithm of a complex

"x + yj"
IMLOG10
Analysis ToolPak Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex

"x + yj"
IMLOG2
Analysis ToolPak Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex

"x + yj"
IMPOWER
Analysis ToolPak Returns a complex number provided in the

text format "x + yi" or "x + yj" raised to an
integer number
IMPRODUCT
Analysis ToolPak Returns the product of 2 - 29 complex

"x + yj"
IMREAL
Analysis ToolPak Returns the real coefficient of a complex

"x + yj"
IMSIN
Analysis ToolPak Returns the sine of a complex number

"x + yj"
IMSQRT
Analysis ToolPak Returns the square root of a complex number

IMSUB
Analysis ToolPak Returns the difference of two complex

"x + yj"
IMSUM
Analysis ToolPak Returns the sum of 2 - 29 complex numbers

OCT2BIN
Analysis ToolPak Converts an octal number to binary
OCT2DEC
Analysis ToolPak Converts an octal number to decimal
OCT2HEX
Analysis ToolPak Converts an octal number to hexadecimal
Engineering Function Arguments

Argument
Description
From_unit(1)
A unit of measurement
From_unit(2)
Weight & Mass: "g" = gram; "sg" = slug; "lbm" = pound (avoirdupois); "u" = Atomic mass; "ozm" = ounces
(avoirdupois)
Distance: "m" = meter; "mi" = Statute Mile; "Nmi" = Nautical mile; "in" = inch; "ft" = foot; "yd" = yard;
"ang" = Angstrom; "pica" = pica (1/72in)
Time: "yr" = year; "day" = day; "hr" = hour; "mn" = minute; "sec" = second
Pressure: "pa" = Pascal; "atm" = atmosphere; "mmHg" = mm of mercury
Force: "N" = Newton; "dyn" = dyne; "lbf" = pound force
Energy: "J" = Joule; "e" = erg; "c" Thermodynamic calorie; "cal" = IT calorie; "eV" = electron volt;
"HPh" = horsepower-hour; "Wh" = Watt-hour; "flb" = foot-pound; "BTU" = BTU
Power: "HP" = horsepower; "W" = Watt
Magnetism: "T" = Tesler; "ga" = Gauss
Temperature: "C" = degrees Celsius; "F" = degrees Fahrenheit; "K" = Kelvin
Liquid Measure: "tsp" = teaspoon; "tbs" = tablespoon; "oz" = fluid ounce; "cup" = cup;
"pt" = US Pint; "UK_pt" = UK pint; "qt" = quart; "gal" = gallon; "l" = liter
From_unit(3)
Prefix Abbreviations for metric: "E" = 1E+18 = exa; "P" = 1E+15 = peta; "T" 1E+12 = tera; "G" = 1E+09 =
giga; "M" = 1E+06 = mega; "k" = 1E+03 = kilo; "h" = 1E+02 = hecto; "e" = 1E+01 = dekao; "d" = 1E-01 =
deci; "c"=1E-02 = centi; "m" = 1E-03 = milli; "u" = 1E-06 = micro; "n" = 1E-09 = nano; "p" = 1E-12 = pico; "f"
= 1E-15 = femto; "a" = 1E-18 = atto
I_num
Imaginary coeffient of the complex number
Inumber
A complex number
Inumber1
First complex number
Inumber2
Second complex number
Inumber2,
The second of 1-29 complex numbers
Lower_limit
The lower bound for integrating ERF
The order of the function
Number
A number or expression that evaluates to a number
Number1
The first number
Number2
The second number
Number2,
Second of up to 30 numbers. You can also use a single array or a reference to an array instead of
arguments separated by commas
Places
The number of characters to use. If places is omitted, Excel uses the minimum number of characters
necessary
Real_num
The real coefficient of the complex number
Step
The threshold value. If you omit a value for step, GESTEP uses zero
Suffix
The suffix for the imaginary component of the complex number. If omitted, suffix is assumed to be "i"
To_unit(1)
To_unit(2)
(avoirdupois)
To_unit(3)
= 1E-15 = femto; "a" = 1E-18 = atto
Upper_limit
The upper bound for integrating ERF. If omitted, ERF integrates between zero and lower_limit
The value at which to evaluate the function
eering Functions
Syntax
=BESSELI(x,n)
=BESSELJ(x,n)
=BESSELK(x,n)
=BESSELY(x,n)
=BIN2DEC(Number)
=BIN2HEX(Number,Places)
=BIN2OCT(Number,Places)
=COMPLEX(real_num,i_num,suffix)
=CONVERT(number,from_unit,to_unit)
=DEC2BIN(Number)
=DEC2HEX(Number)
=DEC2OCT(Number)
=DELTA(number1,number2)
=ERF(lower_limit,upper_limit)
=ERFC(x)
=GESTEP(number,step)
=HEX2BIN(Number,Places)
=HEX2DEC(Number)
=HEX2OCT(Number,Places)
=IMABS(inumber)
=IMAGINARY(inumber)
=IMARGUMENT(inumber)
=IMCONJUGATE(inumber)
=IMCOS(inumber)
=IMDIV(inumber1,inumber2)
=IMEXP(inumber)
=IMLN(inumber)
=IMLOG10(inumber)
=IMLOG2(inumber)
=IMPOWER(inumber,number)
=IMPRODUCT(inumber1,inumber2,...)
=IMREAL(inumber)
=IMSIN(inumber)
=IMSQRT(inumber)
=IMSUB(inumber1,inumber2)
=IMSUM(inumber1,inumber2,...)
=OCT2BIN(number,places)
=OCT2DEC(number)
=OCT2HEX(number,places)
g Function Arguments
" = slug; "lbm" = pound (avoirdupois); "u" = Atomic mass; "ozm" = ounces
tatute Mile; "Nmi" = Nautical mile; "in" = inch; "ft" = foot; "yd" = yard;
(1/72in)
hr" = hour; "mn" = minute; "sec" = second
= atmosphere; "mmHg" = mm of mercury
ne; "lbf" = pound force
c" Thermodynamic calorie; "cal" = IT calorie; "eV" = electron volt;
= Watt-hour; "flb" = foot-pound; "BTU" = BTU
= Watt
Gauss
lsius; "F" = degrees Fahrenheit; "K" = Kelvin
on; "tbs" = tablespoon; "oz" = fluid ounce; "cup" = cup;
t; "qt" = quart; "gal" = gallon; "l" = liter
c: "E" = 1E+18 = exa; "P" = 1E+15 = peta; "T" 1E+12 = tera; "G" = 1E+09 =
1E+03 = kilo; "h" = 1E+02 = hecto; "e" = 1E+01 = dekao; "d" = 1E-01 =
E-03 = milli; "u" = 1E-06 = micro; "n" = 1E-09 = nano; "p" = 1E-12 = pico; "f"
atto
ex number
mbers
ERF
aluates to a number
ou can also use a single array or a reference to an array instead of

as
e. If places is omitted, Excel uses the minimum number of characters
ex number
a value for step, GESTEP uses zero
ponent of the complex number. If omitted, suffix is assumed to be "i"
(1/72in)
= Watt
Gauss
atto
ERF. If omitted, ERF integrates between zero and lower_limit
he function
External Functions
Name
Source
Description
CALL
Built In
Calls a procedure in a dynamic link library or

code resource
EUROCONVERT Add-in
Converts a number to or from Euros to or from

a member currency or converts between one
euro member currency to another using the
Euro as an intermediary (triangulation)
GETPIVOTDATA Built In
Returns data stored in a pivot table
REGISTER.ID
Built In
Returns the register ID of the specified

dynamic link library (DLL) or code resource
that has been previously registered
SQL.REQUEST
ODBC
Connects with an external data source, and

runs a query from a worksheet.
SQL.REQUEST then returns the result as an
array
External Function Arguments

Argument
Description
Argument1,
The arguments to be passed to the procedure
Col_names_logical
Indicates whether column names are returned as the first row of the results. TRUE if the column names to
be returned as the first row of the results. FALSE if column names not wanted. If column_names_logical is
omitted, SQL.REQUEST does not return column names
Connection_string
Supplies information, such as the data source name, user ID, and passwords, required by the driver being
used to connect to a data source and must follow the driver's format
Data_field
The name, enclosed in quotation marks, for the data field that contains the data
Driver_prompt
Specifies when the driver dialog box is displayed and which options are available
Field1, Item1
One of up to 14 pairs of field names and item names that describe the data
Field2, Item2,
Second of up to 14 pairs of field names and item names that describe the data
File_text
The name of the file that contains the code resource in Microsoft Excel for the Macintosh
Item1
Item2,
Module_text
Quoted text specifying the name of the dynamic link library (DLL) that contains the procedure in Microsoft
Excel for Windows
Number
Output_ref
A cell reference where you want the completed connection string placed
Pivot_table
A reference to any cell, range of cells, or named range of cells in a PivotTable report
Procedure
Text specifying the name of the function in the DLL. You can also use the ordinal value of the function from
the EXPORTS statement in the module-definition file (.DEF).
Query_text
The SQL statement that you want to execute on the data source
Register_id
The value returned by a previously executed REGISTER or REGISTER.ID function
Resource
The name of the code resource in Microsoft Excel for the Macintosh. You can also use the resource ID
number. The resource ID number must not be in the form of text
Source
A three-letter string, or reference to a cell containing the string, corresponding to the ISO code for the source
currency:
Belgium - franc - BEF Luxembourg - franc - LUF Germany - deutche mark - DEM
Spain - peseta - ESP France - franc - FRF Ireland - pound - IEP Italy - lira - ITL
Netherlands - guilder - NLG Austria - schilling - ATS Portugal - escudo - PTE
Finland - markka -FIM Euro member states - euro - EUR
Others may be added later:
Denmark - krone - DKK Greece - drachma - GRD Sweden - krona - SEK
UK - pound sterling - GBP
Target
currency
Type_text (CALL function)
Text specifying the data type of the return value and the data types of all arguments to the DLL or code
resource
ernal Functions
Syntax
=CALL(register_id,argument1,...) With Register.id
=CALL(module_text,procedure,type_text,
argument1,...) Excel for Windows
=CALL(file_text,resource,type_text,
argument1,...) Excel for Macintosh
=EUROCONVERT(number,source,target,
full_precision,triangulation_precision)
=GETPIVOTDATA(data_field,pivot_table,field1,item1,
field2,item2,...)
=REGISTER.ID(module_text,procedure,type_text)
=SQL.REQUEST(connection_string,output_ref,
driver_prompt,query_text,col_names_logical)
Function Arguments
the procedure
s are returned as the first row of the results. TRUE if the column names to
e results. FALSE if column names not wanted. If column_names_logical is
ot return column names
e data source name, user ID, and passwords, required by the driver being
e and must follow the driver's format
n marks, for the data field that contains the data

box is displayed and which options are available
mes and item names that describe the data

names and item names that describe the data
ns the code resource in Microsoft Excel for the Macintosh

e of the dynamic link library (DLL) that contains the procedure in Microsoft
aluates to a number
the completed connection string placed
cells, or named range of cells in a PivotTable report
function in the DLL. You can also use the ordinal value of the function from
module-definition file (.DEF).
nt to execute on the data source
sly executed REGISTER or REGISTER.ID function
in Microsoft Excel for the Macintosh. You can also use the resource ID
er must not be in the form of text
e to a cell containing the string, corresponding to the ISO code for the source
bourg - franc - LUF Germany - deutche mark - DEM

- franc - FRF Ireland - pound - IEP Italy - lira - ITL
ustria - schilling - ATS Portugal - escudo - PTE
member states - euro - EUR
ce - drachma - GRD
Sweden - krona - SEK

ce - drachma - GRD
the return value and the data types of all arguments to the DLL or code
Financial Functions
Name
Source
ACCRINT
Analysis ToolPak Returns the accrued interest for a security that

pays periodic interest
Description
ACCRINTM
Analysis ToolPak Returns the accrued interest for a security that

pays interest at maturity
AMORDEGRC
Analysis ToolPak Returns the depreciation for each accounting

AMORLINC
Analysis ToolPak Returns the depreciation for each accounting

COUPDAYBS
Analysis ToolPak Returns the number of days from the

beginning of the coupon period to the
day counting basis
COUPDAYS
Analysis ToolPak Returns the number of days in the coupon

period that contains the settlent date using the
COUPDAYSNC
Analysis ToolPak Returns the number of days from the

settlement date to the next coupon date using
COUPNCD
Analysis ToolPak Returns the next coupon date after the

day counting basis
COUPNUM
Analysis ToolPak Returns the number of coupons payable

between the settlement date and maturity date
basis
COUPPCD
Analysis ToolPak Returns the previous coupon date before the

day counting basis
CUMIPMT
Analysis ToolPak Returns the cumulative interest paid between

two periods
CUMPRINC
Analysis ToolPak Returns the cumulative principal paid on a

loan between two periods
DB
Built In

specified period, using the fixed declining
balance method
DDB
Built In
Returns the deoreciation of an asset for a

specified period, using the double-declining
balance method of some other method that is
specified
DISC
Analysis ToolPak Returns the discount rate for a security using

DOLLARDE
Analysis ToolPak Converts a dollar price (expressed as a

fraction) into a dollar price expressed as a
decimal number
DOLLARFR
Analysis ToolPak Converts a dollar price (expressed as a

decimal number) into a dollar price expressed
as a fraction
DURATION
Analysis ToolPak Returns the Macauley duration of a security

with periodic interest payments using the
EFFECT
Analysis ToolPak Returns the effective annual interest rate of a

given nominal rate with its compounding
frequency
FV
Built In
FVSCHEDULE
Analysis ToolPak Returns the future value of an initial principal

after applying a series of compound interest
rates
INTRATE
Analysis ToolPak Returns the interest rate for a fully invested

counting basis
IPMT
Built In
Returns the amount of the interest element in

a payment for an investment for a given period
IRR
Built In
Returns the internal rate of return for a series

of cash flows
ISPMT
Built In
Returns the interest associated with a specific

loan payment
MDURATION
Analysis ToolPak Returns the Macauley modified duration for a

security with an assumed par value of $100
basis
MIRR
Built In
NOMINAL
Analysis ToolPak Returns the nominal rate equivalent to a given

annual effective with a given compounding
frequency for the nominal rate
NPER
Built In
Returns the number of periods for an

investment
NPV
Built In
Returns the net present value of an

investment based upon a series of periodic
cash flows and a discount rate where the first
cash flow is received at the end of the first
period
ODDFPRICE
Analysis ToolPak Returns the price per $100 face value of a

security with an odd first period using the
Returns the future value of an investment
Returns the modified internal rate of return

based on different finance and reinvestment
rates for negative and positive cash flows
ODDFYIELD
Analysis ToolPak Returns the yield of a security with an odd first

counting basis
ODDLPRICE

security with an odd last period using the
ODDLYIELD
Analysis ToolPak Returns the yield of a security with an odd last

counting basis
PMT
Built In
Returns the periodic payment for an annuity
PPMT
Built In
Returns the amount of principal element in a

payment for an investment for a given period
PRICE

security that pays periodic interest using the
PRICEDISC

discounted security using the specified or
PRICEMAT

security that pays interest at maturity using the
PV
Built In
Returns the present value of an investment
RATE
Built In
Returns the interest rate per period of an

annuity
RECEIVED
Analysis ToolPak Returns the amount received at maturity for a

fully invested security using the specified or
SLN
Built In
Returns the straight-line depreciation of an

asset for one period.
SYD
Built In
Returns the sum of years' digits depreciation

of an asset for a specified period
TBILLEQ
Analysis ToolPak Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a

treasury bill
TBILLPRICE
Analysis ToolPak Returns the price per $100 face value for a
Treasury bill
TBILLYIELD
Analysis ToolPak Returns the yield for a treasury bill
VDB
Built In
XIRR
Analysis ToolPak Returns the annual effective interest rate for a

schedule of cash flows received at specified
dates
XNPV
Analysis ToolPak Returns the net present value for a schedule

of cash flows received at specified dates

specified or partial period using a variable
declining balance method
YIELD
Analysis ToolPak Returns the yield on a security that pays

periodic interest using the specified or default
day counting basis
YIELDDISC
Analysis ToolPak Returns the annual yield for a discounted

counting basis.
YIELDMAT
Analysis ToolPak Returns the annual yield of a security that

pays interest at maturity using the specified or
Financial Function Arguments

Argument
Description
Basis
Year basis to be used: 0 or omitted 360 (NASD); 1 = Actual; 2 = 365; 3 = 360 (European)
Cost
Cost of the asset
Coupon
The security's annual coupon rate
Date_purchased
Date of purchase of the asset. Entered as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number or
function returning a date serial number
Dates
A schedule of payment dates that corresponds to the cash flow payments. The first payment date indicates
the beginning of the schedule of payments. All other dates must be later than this date, but they may occur
in any order
Decimal_dollar
A decimal number
Discount
The security's discount rate
Effect_rate
The effective interest rate
End_period
Last period number
Factor
The rate at which the balance declines. If factor is omitted, it is assumed to be 2 (the double-declining
balance method)
Finance_rate
The interest rate you pay on the money used in the cash flows
First_coupon
The security's first coupon date
First_Interest
A security's first interest date entered as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number or
First_period
Date of the end of the first period. Entered as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number
or function returning a date serial number
Fraction
The integer to use in the denominator of the fraction
Fractional_dollar
A number expressed as a fraction
Frequency
The number of coupon payments per year for a security.
FV
Future Value
Guess
A number that you guess is close to the result of IRR
Investment
The amount invested in the security
Issue
A security's issue date entered as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number or function
returning a date serial number
Last_interest
The security's last coupon date
Life
The number of periods over which the asset is being depreciated (sometimes called the useful life of the
asset)
Maturity
The security's maturity date
Month (For DB function)
The number of months in the first year. If month is omitted, it is assumed to be 12
No_switch
A logical value specifying whether to switch to straight-line depreciation when depreciation is greater than
the declining balance calculation.If TRUE, Excel does not switch to straight-line depreciation even when the
depreciation is greater than the declining balance calculation. FALSE or omitted, Excel switches to straightline depreciation when depreciation is greater than the declining balance calculation
Nominal_rate
The nominal interest rate
Nper
The number of periods
Npery
The number of compounding periods per year
Par
A security's par value. (Default = $1,000)
Period
The number of the accounting period
Pmt
The payment made each period
Pr
The security's price per $100 face value
Principal
The present value
PV
The Present Value
Rate
(For amortization functions)
The interest rate per period
Rate
(For Depreciation Functions)
The rate of depreciation
Rate
(For NPV and XNPV)
The discount rate
Rate
A security's annual coupon rate
Redemption
The security's redemption value per $100 face value
Reinvest_rate
The interest rate you receive on the cash flows as you reinvest them
Salvage
Salvage value at the end of the life of the asset
Schedule
An array of interest rates to apply
Settlement
A security's settlement date, which is the date after the issue date when the security is traded to the buyer.
Entered as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number or function returning a date serial
number
Start_period
First period number
Type (Amortization functions)
0 = Payment in arrears; 1 = payment in advance
Value1
A numeric value
Value2,
Second of 1 to n possible values (n=30 for AVERAGEA; n=29 for CHOOSE, NPV)
Values (IRR and MIRR)
An array or a reference to cells that contain numbers for which you want to calculate the internal rate of
return. Values must contain at least one positive value and one negative value to calculate the internal rate
of return. If an array or reference argument contains text, logical values, or empty cells, those values are
ignored.
Values (XIRR and XNPV)
A series of cash flows that corresponds to a schedule of payments in dates. The first payment is optional
and corresponds to a cost or payment that occurs at the beginning of the investment. If the first value is a
cost or payment, it must be a negative value. All succeeding payments are discounted based on a 365-day
year. The series of values must contain at least one positive value and one negative value
Yld
The security's annual yield
ncial Functions
Syntax
=ACCRINT(Issue,First_Interest,Settlement,Rate,
Par,Frequency,Basis)
=ACCRINTM(Issue,Settlement,Rate,Par,Basis)
=AMORDEGRC(Cost,Date_purchased,First_period,
=AMORLINC(Cost,Date_purchased,First_period,
=COUPDAYBS(settlement,maturity,
frequency,basis)
=COUPDAYS(settlement,maturity,
frequency,basis)
=COUPDAYSNC(settlement,maturity,
frequency,basis)
=COUPNCD(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
=COUPNUM(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
=COUPPCD(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
=CUMIPMT(rate,nper,pv,start_period,end_period,
type)
=CUMPRINC(rate,nper,pv,start_period,end_period,
type)
=DB(cost,salvage,life,period,month)
=DDB(cost,salvage,life,period,factor)
=DISC(settlement,maturity,pr,redemption,basis)
=DOLLARDE(fractional_dollar,fraction)
=DOLLARFR(decimal_dollar,fraction)
=DURATION(settlement,maturity,coupon,yld,
frequency,basis)
=EFFECT(nominal_rate,npery)
=FV(rate,nper,pmt,pv,type)
=FVSCHEDULE(principal,schedule)
=INTRATE(settlement,maturity,investment,
redemption,basis)
=IPMT(rate,per,nper,pv,fv,type)
=IRR(values,guess)
=ISPMT(rate,per,nper,pv)
=MDURATION(settlement,maturity,coupon,yld,
frequency,basis)
=MIRR(values,finance_rate,reinvest_rate)
=NOMINAL(effect_rate,npery)
=NPER(rate, pmt, pv, fv, type)

=NPV(rate,value1,value2, ...)
=ODDFPRICE(settlement,maturity,issue,
first_coupon,rate,yld,redemption,
frequency,basis)
=ODDFYIELD(settlement,maturity,issue,
first_coupon,rate,pr,redemption,
frequency,basis)
=ODDLPRICE(settlement,maturity,last_interest,
rate,yld,redemption,frequency,basis)
=ODDLYIELD(settlement,maturity,last_interest,
rate,pr,redemption,frequency,basis)
=PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv,type)
=PPMT(rate,per,nper,pv,fv,type)
=PRICE(settlement,maturity,rate,yld,redemption,
frequency,basis)
=PRICEDISC(settlement,maturity,discount,
redemption,basis)
=PRICEMAT(settlement,maturity,issue,rate,
yld,basis)
=PV(rate,nper,pmt,fv,type)
=RATE(nper,pmt,pv,fv,type,guess)
=RECEIVED(settlement,maturity,investment,
discount,basis)
=SLN(cost,salvage,life)
=SYD(cost,salvage,life,per)
=TBILLEQ(settlement,maturity,discount)
=TBILLPRICE(settlement,maturity,discount)
=TBILLYIELD(settlement,maturity,pr)
=VDB(cost,salvage,life,start_period,end_period,
factor,no_switch)
=XIRR(values,dates,guess)
=XNPV(rate,values,dates)
=YIELD(settlement,maturity,rate,pr,redemption,
frequency,basis)
=YIELDDISC(settlement,maturity,pr,redemption,
basis)
=YIELDMAT(settlement,maturity,issue,rate,pr,
basis)
Function Arguments
ted 360 (NASD); 1 = Actual; 2 = 365; 3 = 360 (European)
te
Entered as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number or

number
at corresponds to the cash flow payments. The first payment date indicates
payments. All other dates must be later than this date, but they may occur
eclines. If factor is omitted, it is assumed to be 2 (the double-declining

money used in the cash flows
tered as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number or

number
d. Entered as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number

al number
inator of the fraction
on
s per year for a security.
e to the result of IRR
urity
as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number or function
ch the asset is being depreciated (sometimes called the useful life of the
st year. If month is omitted, it is assumed to be 12
er to switch to straight-line depreciation when depreciation is greater than

n.If TRUE, Excel does not switch to straight-line depreciation even when the
declining balance calculation. FALSE or omitted, Excel switches to straighttion is greater than the declining balance calculation
riods per year
= $1,000)
eriod
ce value
per $100 face value

the cash flows as you reinvest them
life of the asset
ch is the date after the issue date when the security is traded to the buyer.
n quotation marks or as a serial number or function returning a date serial
ment in advance
s (n=30 for AVERAGEA; n=29 for CHOOSE, NPV)
hat contain numbers for which you want to calculate the internal rate of
ast one positive value and one negative value to calculate the internal rate
e argument contains text, logical values, or empty cells, those values are
sponds to a schedule of payments in dates. The first payment is optional

yment that occurs at the beginning of the investment. If the first value is a
gative value. All succeeding payments are discounted based on a 365-day
contain at least one positive value and one negative value
Information Functions
Name
Source
Description
CELL
Built In
Returns information about the formatting ,

location or contents of the cell or upper left cell
of the reference
COUNTBLANK*
Built In
Counts the number of blank cells in the range
ERROR.TYPE
Built In
Returns a number corresponding to an Excel

error type
INFO
Built In
Returns information about the current

operating environment
ISBLANK
Built In
Returns TRUE if the value is blank
ISERR
Built In

except #N/A
ISERROR
Built In
ISEVEN
Analysis ToolPak Returns TRUE if the number is even
ISLOGICAL
Built In
Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value
ISNA
Built In
Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error

value
ISNONTEXT
Built In
Returns TRUE if the value is not text
ISNUMBER
Built In
Returns TRUE if the value is a number
ISODD
Analysis ToolPak Returns TRUE if the number is odd
ISREF
Built In
Returns TRUE if the value is a reference
ISTEXT
Built In
Returns TRUE if the value is text
Built In
Returns a value converted to a number
NA
Built In
Returns the error value #N/A
TYPE
Built In
Returns the type of value (1 for value is a

number; 2 for value is text; 4 for value is
logical value; 16 for value is error value; 64 for
value is array)
Notes:
* See also COUNT, COUNTA and FREQUENCY (Statistical) and COUNTIF (Maths) and DCOUNT and DCOUNTA (Database)
Information Function Arguments

Argument
Description
Error_val
The error value whose identifying number you want:

1 = #Null!; 2 = #Div/0!; 3 = #Value!; 4 = #Ref!; 5 = #Name?;
6 = #N/A
Info_type
A text value that specifies what type of cell information you want:
"Address" = first cell in reference
"Col" = First column number in reference
"Color" Returns 1 for negative colored, 0 otherwise
"Contents" = Value of upper left cell in reference
"Format" = Text value corresponding to number format
"Prentheses" = Returns 1 for parenthese for positive or all values, 0 otherwise
"Prefix" = Text value corresponding to label prefix
"Protect" = returns 0 if unlucked, 1 if locked
"Row" = First row number in reference
"Type" = Text value for type of data; b for blank, l for label, v for value
"Width" = Column width rounded to nearest integer
Number
Reference
Reference to a cell or range of cells and can refer to multiple areas. If you want to specify several
references as a single argument, then you must include extra sets of parentheses so that Microsoft Excel
will not interpret the comma as a field separator
Type_text (INFO function)
Text that specifies what type of information you want returned:

"directory" = Path of current directory of folder;
"memavail" = Amount of currently available memory in bytes;
"memused" = Amount of memory being used for data;
"numfile" = number of active worksheets in open workbooks;
"origin" = cell reference of top leftmost cell visible in window, based on current scrolling position;
"osversion" = current operating system version, as text;
"recalc" = current recalculation mode;
"release" = version of Excel;
"system" = name of the operating environment (Mac or pcdos);
"totmem" = total memory available
Value
A value or an expression that evaluates to a value:
mation Functions
Syntax
=CELL(info_type,reference)
=COUNTBLANK(range)
=ERROR.TYPE(error_val)
=INFO(type_text)
=ISBLANK(Value)
=ISERR(Value)
=ISERROR(Value)
=ISEVEN(Number)
=ISLOGICAL(Value)
=ISNA(Value)
=ISNONTEXT(Value)
=ISNUMBER(Value)
=ISODD(Number)
=ISREF(Value)
=ISTEXT(Value)
=N(Value)
=NA()
=TYPE(Value)
tatistical) and COUNTIF (Maths) and DCOUNT and DCOUNTA (Database)
n Function Arguments
g number you want:

ue!; 4 = #Ref!; 5 = #Name?;
ype of cell information you want:

e
eference
olored, 0 otherwise
cell in reference
ding to number format
renthese for positive or all values, 0 otherwise
ing to label prefix
, 1 if locked
erence
ata; b for blank, l for label, v for value
d to nearest integer
aluates to a number
ells and can refer to multiple areas. If you want to specify several
t, then you must include extra sets of parentheses so that Microsoft Excel
a field separator
nformation you want returned:

ctory of folder;
y available memory in bytes;
y being used for data;
rksheets in open workbooks;
ftmost cell visible in window, based on current scrolling position;
system version, as text;
mode;
g environment (Mac or pcdos);

ble
valuates to a value:
Logical Functions
Name
Source
Description
AND
Built In
Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUE
FALSE
Built In
Returns the logical value FALSE
IF
Built In
Returns one value specified condition

evaluates to TRUE and another value if it
evaluates to FALSE
NOT
Built In
Reverses the logic of its argument
OR
Built In
ReturnsTRUE if any argument is TRUE
TRUE
Built In
Returns the logical value TRUE
Logical Function Arguments

Argument
Description
Logical
A value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE
Logical_test
Any value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE
Logical1
Condition to be tested. Argument must evaluate to a logical value or be arrays or references that contain
logical values
Logical2,
Second of up to 30 conditions you want to test that can be either TRUE or FALSE
Value_if_false
The value that is returned if logical_test is FALSE
Value_if_true
The value that is returned if logical_test is TRUE
gical Functions
Syntax
=AND(Logical1,Logical2,)
=FALSE()
=IF(logical_test,value_if_true,value_if_false)
=NOT(Logical)
=OR(logical1,logical2,...)
=TRUE()
Function Arguments
e evaluated to TRUE or FALSE
n be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE
nt must evaluate to a logical value or be arrays or references that contain
ou want to test that can be either TRUE or FALSE
cal_test is FALSE
cal_test is TRUE
Lookup & Reference Functions

Name
Source
Description
ADDRESS
Built In
Creates a cell address as text based on given

row and column rumbers
AREAS
Built In
Returns the number of areas in a reference
CHOOSE
Built In
Uses a specified index number to select one

from up to 29 specified values
COLUMN
Built In
Returns the column number of the cell or a

specified reference
COLUMNS
Built In
Returns the number of columns in an array or

reference
HLOOKUP
Built In
Looks in the top row of a table or array and

returns the value of the indicated cell
HYPERLINK
Built In
Creates a shortcut that opens a document on

your hard drive, a server or the internet
INDEX
Built In
Alternative forms. Array form returns a value

or array of values. Reference form returns a
reference.
INDIRECT
Built In
Returns a reference indicated by a value

provided as text
LOOKUP
Built In
Alternative forms. Vector form looks up values

in a one row or column range and returns a
value in a second one row or column range.
Array form looks in the first row or column of
an array for the specified value and returns a
value from the same position in the last row or
column of the array
MATCH
Built In
Returns the relative position of an item in an

array that matches a specified value in a
specified order
OFFSET
Built In
Returns a reference to a range that is a

specified number of rows and columns from a
cell or range of cells
ROW
Built In
Returns the row number of a reference
ROWS
Built In
Returns the number of rows in a reference
RTD
Built In
Retrieves real-time data from a program that

supports COM automation
TRANSPOSE
Built In
Transposes vertical or horizontal arrays.

Entered as an array formula in same number
of cells as array.
VLOOKUP
Built In
Locates a specified value in the leftmost

column of a specified table, and returns the
value in the same row from a specified column
in the table
Lookup & Reference Function Arguments

Argument
Description
A1
A logical value that specifies the A1 (TRUE) or R1C1 (FALSE) reference style
Abs_num
The type of reference to return:

1 = Absolute; 2 = Abs Row / Rel Col; 3 = Rel Row / Abs Col; 4 = Relative
Area_num
Selects a range in reference from which to return the intersection of row_num and column_num
Array
An array or array formula, or a reference to a range of cells
Col_index_num
The column number in table_array from which the matching value must be returned
Cols
The number of columns, to the left (-) or right (+), that you want the upper-left cell of the result to refer to
Column_num
Column number
Friendly_name
The jump text or numeric value that is displayed in the cell
Height
The height, in number of rows, that you want the returned reference to be. Height must be a positive number
Index_num
Specifies which value argument is selected. Index_num must be a number between 1 and 29, or a formula
or reference to a cell containing a number between 1 and 29
Link_location
The path and file name to the document to be opened as text
Lookup_array
A contiguous range of cells containing possible lookup values. Lookup_array must be an array or an array
reference
Lookup_value
The value to be found
Lookup_vector
A range that contains only one row or one column. The values in lookup_vector can be text, numbers, or
logical values
Match_type
The number -1, 0, or 1. Match_type specifies how Microsoft Excel matches lookup_value with values in
lookup_array:
1 = (default) largest value less than or equal to look_up value; 0 = first value to exactly equal lookup value
-1 = smallest value greater than or equal to look_value
ProgID
The name of the ProgID of a registered COM automation add-in that has been installed on the local
computer. Enclose the name in quotation marks
Range_lookup
A logical value that specifies whether you want to find an exact match or an approximate match. If TRUE =
approximate match is returned FALSE = Exact
Ref_text
Refers to another workbook (an external reference),
Reference
Result_vector
A range that contains only one row or column. It must be the same size as lookup_vector
Row_index_num
The row number in table_array from which the matching value will be returned
Row_num
Row number
Rows
The number of rows, up (-) or down (+), that you want the upper-left cell to refer to
Server
Name of the server where the add-in should be run. If there is no server, and the program is run locally,
leave the argument blank. Otherwise, enter quotation marks ("") around the server name
Sheet_text
Text specifying the name of the worksheet to be used as the external reference. If sheet_text is omitted, no
sheet name is used
Table_array
A table of information in which data is looked up
Topic1
First of up to 28 parameters that together represent a unique piece of real-time data
Topic2,
Second of up to 28 parameters that together represent a unique piece of real-time data
Value1
A numeric value
Value2,
Width
The width, in number of columns, that you want the returned reference to be. Width must be a positive
number
Reference Functions
Syntax
=ADDRESS(Row_num,Column_num,Abs_num,
A1,Sheet_text)
=AREAS(reference)
=CHOOSE(index_num,value1,value2,...)
=COLUMN(reference)
=COLUMNS(array)
=HLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,
row_index_num,range_lookup)
=HYPERLINK(link_location,friendly_name)
=INDEX(array,row_num,column_num)
=INDEX(reference,row_num,column_num,
area_num)
=INDIRECT(ref_text,a1)
=LOOKUP(lookup_value,lookup_vector,
result_vector)
=LOOKUP(lookup_value,array)
=MATCH(lookup_value,lookup_array,
match_type)
=OFFSET(reference,rows,cols,height,width)
=ROW(reference)
=ROWS(array)
=RTD(ProgID,server,topic1,[topic2],...)
=TRANSPOSE(array)
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,
col_index_num,range_lookup)
rence Function Arguments

A1 (TRUE) or R1C1 (FALSE) reference style
Col; 3 = Rel Row / Abs Col; 4 = Relative
m which to return the intersection of row_num and column_num
eference to a range of cells
ay from which the matching value must be returned
eft (-) or right (+), that you want the upper-left cell of the result to refer to
that is displayed in the cell
hat you want the returned reference to be. Height must be a positive number
is selected. Index_num must be a number between 1 and 29, or a formula

a number between 1 and 29
ocument to be opened as text
aining possible lookup values. Lookup_array must be an array or an array
ow or one column. The values in lookup_vector can be text, numbers, or
ype specifies how Microsoft Excel matches lookup_value with values in
han or equal to look_up value; 0 = first value to exactly equal lookup value
or equal to look_value
gistered COM automation add-in that has been installed on the local
quotation marks
ether you want to find an exact match or an approximate match. If TRUE =

FALSE = Exact
external reference),
a field separator
ow or column. It must be the same size as lookup_vector
rom which the matching value will be returned
own (+), that you want the upper-left cell to refer to
dd-in should be run. If there is no server, and the program is run locally,
rwise, enter quotation marks ("") around the server name
worksheet to be used as the external reference. If sheet_text is omitted, no
ata is looked up
together represent a unique piece of real-time data
that together represent a unique piece of real-time data
s, that you want the returned reference to be. Width must be a positive
Maths Functions
Name
Source
Description
ABS
Built In
Returns the absolute value of a number
ACOS
Built In
Returns in radians the arccosine of a number
ACOSH
Built In
Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a

number
ASIN
Built In
Returns in radians the arcsine of a number
ASINH
Built In
Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a

number
ATAN
Built In
Returns in radians the arctangent of a number
ATAN2
Built In
Returns in radians the arctangent from x and y

coordinates
ATANH
Built In
Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a

number
CEILING
Built In
Rounds a number (away from zero) to the

significance
COMBIN++
Built In
Returns the number of combinations for a

given number of objects
COS
Built In
Returns the cosine of a given angle given in

radians
COSH
Built In
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
COUNTIF*
Built In
Counts the number of cells that meet the

criteria specified in the argument
DEGREES
Built In
Converts radians to degrees
EVEN
Built In
Rounds a number away from zero to the

nearest even integer
EXP
Built In
Returns e (=2.71828182845904) raised to the

power of a given number
FACT
Built In
Returns the factorial of a number
FACTDOUBLE
Analysis ToolPak Returns the double factorial of a number
FLOOR
Built In
GCD
Analysis ToolPak Returns the greatest common divisor of 2 - 29

integers
INT
Built In
LCM
Analysis ToolPak Returns the least common multiple of 1 - 29

integers
LN
Built In
Returns the natural logarithm (base e =

2.71828182845904) of a number
LOG
Built In
Returns the logarithm of a number to a

specified base
Rounds a number down towards 0 to the

significance

integer
LOG10
Built In
Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number
MDETERM
Built In
Returns the matrix determinant of an array
MINVERSE
Built In
Returns the matrix inverse of an array
MMULT
Built In
Returns the matrix product of two arrays
MOD**
Built In
Returns the remainder from division with the

result having the same sign as the divisor
MROUND
Analysis ToolPak Returns a number rounded to the desired

multiple. Midway points are rounded away
from 0
MULTINOMIAL
Analysis ToolPak Returns the ratio of the factorial of a sum of

values to the product of factorials
ODD
Built In

odd integer
PI
Built In
Returns the number 3.14159265358979, the

mathematical constant pi, accurate to 15 digits
POWER
Built In
Returns the result of a number raised to a

power
PRODUCT
Built In
Multiplies together 1 - 30 numbers
QUOTIENT
Analysis ToolPak Returns the integer portion of a division
RADIANS
Built In
Converts degrees to radians
RAND
Built In
Returns an evenly distributed random number

greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1
RANDBETWEEN Analysis ToolPak Returns a random number between (and

inclusive of) two specified numbers
ROMAN
Built In
Converts an arabic number to Roman, as text
ROUND
Built In
Rounds a number to a specified number of

digits to the left (-) or right (+) of the decimal
point. The midway digit 5 is rounded away
from 0.
ROUNDDOWN
Built In
Rounds a number down towards 0 to a

ROUNDUP
Built In
Round a number up away from 0 to a

SERIESSUM
Analysis ToolPak Returns the sum of a power series expansion
SIGN
Built In
Returns 1 for positve numbers, 0 if the number

is 0 and, -1 if the number is negative
SIN
Built In
Returns the sine of a given angle given in

radians
SINH
Built In
Returns the hyperbolic sine of a given number
SQRT
Built In
Returns a positive square root
SQRTPI
Analysis ToolPak Returns the square root of a number multiplied

by pi
SUBTOTAL
Built In
Returns the sutotal in a list or database
SUM
Built In
Adds its arguments
SUMIF
Built In
Add the cells specified by a given criteria
SUMPRODUCT
Built In
Returns the sum of the products of

corresponding array components
SUMSQ
Built In
Returns the sum of the squares of 1 - 30

numbers
SUMX2MY2
Built In
Returns the sum of the difference of squares

of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMX2PY2
Built In
Returns the sum of the sum of squares of

corresponding values in two arrays
SUMXMY2
Built In
Returns the sum of squares of differences of

corresponding values in two array
TAN
Built In
Returns the tangent of a given angle given in

radians
TANH
Built In
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number
TRUNC
Built In
Truncates a number to an integer or to

specified precision by removing the fractional
part of the number. (Serves to round down
towards 0)
Notes:
* See also COUNT, COUNTA and FREQUENCY (Statistical) and COUNTBLANK (Information) and DCOUNT and DCOUNTA
(Database)
** The Excel MOD function uses a different definition of MOD to that used by VBA Mod function insofar as negative numbers
are concerned.
++
See also PERMUT function (Statistical)
Maths Function Arguments

Argument
Description
Angle
The angle in radians
Array
Array_x
The first array or range of values
Array_y
The second array or range of values
Array1 (SUMPRODUCT)
A cell range of values (up to 30 with SUMPRODUCT)
Array2 (SUMPRODUCT)
A second cell range of values (up to 30 with SUMPRODUCT)
Array3,
A third cell range of values (up to 30 with SUMPRODUCT)
Base
The base of the logarithm. If base is omitted, it is assumed to be 10
Bottom
The smallest integer to be returned
Coefficients
A set of coefficients by which each successive power of x is multiplied. The number of values in coefficients
determines the number of terms in the power series
Criteria
Denominator
The divisor
Divisor
The number by which you want to divide number
Form
A number specifying the type of roman numeral you want; 0 (Default) = Classic; 1-4 Progressively simplified;
TRUE = Classic; FALSE = Most Simplified
Function_num
The number 1 to 11 that specifies which function to use in calculating subtotals within a list: 1 = AVERAGE; 2
= COUNT; 3 = COUNTA; 4 = MAX; 5 = MIN; 6 = PRODUCT; 7 = STDEV; 8 = STDEVP; 9 = SUM; 10 = VAR;
11 = VARP
The step by which to increase n for each term in the series
Multiple
The multiple to which you want to round number
Num_digits
Specifies the number of digits to which you want to round number: 0 = Integer; -numbers = to left of decimal;
+numbers = to right of decimal
Number
Number_chosen
The number of items
Number1
The first number
Number2,
Numerator
The dividend
Power
The exponent to which the base number is raised
Range
A range
Ref1
First of up to 29 ranges or references for which you want the subtotal
Ref2,
Second of up to 29 ranges or references for which you want the subtotal
Significance
The multiple to which you want to round
Sum_range
The actual cells to sum
Top
The largest integer to be returned
X_num
The x-coordinate of the point
Y_num
The y-coordinate of the point
ths Functions
Syntax
=ABS(Number)
=ACOS(Number)
=ACOSH(Number)
=ASIN(Number)
=ASINH(Number)
=ATAN(Number)
=ATAN2(x_num,y_num)
=ATANH(Number)
=CEILING(number,significance)
=COMBIN(number,number_chosen)
=COS(Number)
=COSH(Number)
=COUNTIF(range,criteria)
=DEGREES(angle)
=EVEN(Number)
=EXP(Number)
=FACT(Number)
=FACTDOUBLE(number)
=FLOOR(number,significance)
=GCD(number1,number2, ...)
=INT(Number)
=LCM(number1,number2, ...)
=LN(Number)
=LOG(Number,base)
=LOG10(Number)
=MDETERM(array)
=MINVERSE(array)
=MMULT(array1,array2)
=MOD(number,divisor)
=MROUND(number,multiple)
=MULTINOMIAL(number1,number2, ...)
=ODD(number)
=PI()
=POWER(number,power)
=PRODUCT(number1,number2, ...)
=QUOTIENT(numerator,denominator)
=RADIANS(angle)
=RAND()
=RANDBETWEEN(bottom,top)
=ROMAN(number,form)
=ROUND(number,num_digits)
=ROUNDDOWN(number,num_digits)
=ROUNDUP(number,num_digits)
=SERIESSUM(x,n,m,coefficients)
=SIGN(number)
=SIN(number)
=SINH(number)
=SQRT(number)
=SQRTPI(number)
=SUBTOTAL(function_num,ref1,ref2,...)
=SUM(number1,number2, ...)
=SUMIF(range,criteria,sum_range)
=SUMPRODUCT(array1,array2,array3, ...)
=SUMSQ(number1,number2, ...)
=SUMX2MY2(array_x,array_y)
=SUMX2PY2(array_x,array_y)
=SUMXMY2(array_x,array_y)
=TAN(number)
=TANH(number)
=TRUNC(number,num_digits)
tatistical) and COUNTBLANK (Information) and DCOUNT and DCOUNTA
n of MOD to that used by VBA Mod function insofar as negative numbers
unction Arguments
s
lues
with SUMPRODUCT)
p to 30 with SUMPRODUCT)
o 30 with SUMPRODUCT)
se is omitted, it is assumed to be 10
ned
ch successive power of x is multiplied. The number of values in coefficients

in the power series
to divide number
roman numeral you want; 0 (Default) = Classic; 1-4 Progressively simplified;

Simplified
es which function to use in calculating subtotals within a list: 1 = AVERAGE; 2

AX; 5 = MIN; 6 = PRODUCT; 7 = STDEV; 8 = STDEVP; 9 = SUM; 10 = VAR;
for each term in the series
o round number
which you want to round number: 0 = Integer; -numbers = to left of decimal;
aluates to a number

as
number is raised
ences for which you want the subtotal
ferences for which you want the subtotal
o round
ed
he function
Statistical Functions
Name
Source
Description
AVEDEV
Built In
Returns the average of the absolute

deviations of data points from their mean
AVERAGE
Built In
Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of up

to 30 numeric arguments
AVERAGEA
Built In
Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of its

arguments and includes evaluation of text and
logical arguments
BETADIST
Built In
Returns the cumulative beta probability

density function
BETAINV
Built In
Returns the inverse of the cumulative beta

probability density function
BINOMDIST
Built In
Returns the individual term binomial

distribution probability
CHIDIST
Built In
Returns the one-tailed probability of the chisquared distribution
CHIINV
Built In
Returns the inverse of the one-tailed

probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHITEST
Built In
Returns the value from the chi-squared (2)

distribution for the statistic and the appropriate
degrees of freedom
CONFIDENCE
Built In
Returns the confidence interval for a

population mean
CORREL
Built In
Returns the correlation coefficient between

two arrays of data
COUNT*
Built In
Counts the number of cells that contain

numbers and also numbers within the list of
arguments
COUNTA*
Built In
Counts the number of non-empty cells and the

values within the list of arguments
COVAR
Built In
Returns covariance; the average of the

products of deviations for each data point pair
CRITBINOM
Built In
Returns the smallest value for which the

cumulative binomial distribution is less than or
equal to a criterion value
DEVSQ
Built In
Returns the sum of the squares of the

deviations from the sample mean
EXPONDIST
Built In
Returns the exponential distribution
FDIST
Built In
Returns the F probability distribution
FINV
Built In
Returns the inverse of the F probability

distribution
FISHER
Built In
Returns the Fisher transformation at x
FISHERINV
Built In
Returns the inverse of the Fisher

transformation
FORECAST
Built In
Calculates a predicted value of y for a given x

value based on known values for x and y
FREQUENCY*
Built In
Counts how often values occur within given

ranges of values and returns those counts as
a vertical array of numbers
FTEST
Built In
Returns the result of an F-test; the one-tailed

probability that the variances in array1 and
array2 are not significantly different
GAMMADIST
Built In
Returns the gamma distribution
GAMMAINV
Built In
Returns the inverse of the gamma distribution
GAMMALN
Built In
Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma

function (x).
GEOMEAN
Built In
Returns the geometric mean of an array or

range of positive data
GROWTH
Built In
Calculates predicted exponential growth and

returns the y-values for a series of specified
new x-values by using known x-values and yvalues
HARMEAN
Built In
Returns the harmonic mean of a data set by

calculating the reciprocal of the arithmetic
mean of reciprocals
HYPGEOMDIST
Built In
Returns the hypergeometric distribution by

calculating the probability of a given number of
sample successes, given the sample size,
population successes, and population size
INTERCEPT
Built In
Calculates from given x and y values the point

at which a line will intersect the y-axis
KURT
Built In
Returns the kurtosis of a data set; a measure

that compares the relative peakedness or
flatness of a distribution compared with the
normal distribution
LARGE
Built In
Returns the kth largest value in a data set
LINEST
Built In
Entered as an array formula, LINEST returns

an array that describes a line of best fit by
using the least squares method
LOGEST
Built In
Entered as an array formula, LOGEST

calculates an exponential curve that fits known
data and returns an array of values that
describes that curve
LOGINV
Built In
Returns the inverse of the lognormal

cumulative distribution function of x, where
ln(x) is normally distributed with given
probability, mean, and standard deviation
LOGNORMDIST Built In
Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution

of x, where ln(x) is normally distributed with
known mean and standard deviation
MAX
Built In

MAXA
Built In

MEDIAN
Built In
Returns the median of the given numbers
MIN
Built In

MINA
Built In

MODE
Built In
Returns the most common value in a data set
NEGBINOMDIST Built In
Returns the negative binomial distribution; the

probability that there will be number_f failures
before the number_s-th success, when the
constant probability of a success is
probability_s
NORMDIST
Built In
Returns the cumulative distribution function or

probability mass function for the value x with
specified mean and standard deviation
NORMINV
Built In
Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative

distribution for the specified probability, mean,
and standard deviation
NORMSDIST
Built In
Returns the standard normal cumulative

distribution function. The distribution has a
mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
NORMSINV
Built In
Returns the inverse of the standard normal

cumulative distribution
PEARSON
Built In
Returns the Pearson product moment

correlation coefficient
PERCENTILE
Built In
Returns the kth percentile of values in a range
PERCENTRANK Built In
Returns the percentage rank of a value in a

data set
PERMUT**
Built In
Returns the number of permutations for a

given number of objects that can be selected
from a number of objects without replacement
POISSON
Built In
Returns the Poisson distribution
PROB
Built In
Returns either the probability that values in a

range are between two limits or if upper_limit
is not specified, the probability that values in
x_range are equal to lower_limit
QUARTILE
Built In
Returns the quartile of a data set
RANK
Built In
Returns the rank of a number in a list of

numbers
RSQ
Built In
Returns the square of the Pearson product

moment correlation coefficient through data
points in known_y's and known_x's
SKEW
Built In
Returns the skewness of a distribution
SLOPE
Built In
Returns the slope (vertical distance /

horizontal distance) of the linear regression
line through data points in known_y's and
known_x's
SMALL
Built In
Returns the kth smallest value in a data set
STANDARDIZE
Built In
Returns a normalized value from a distribution

with known mean and standard_dev
STDEV
Built In
Estimates standard distribution based on a

sample ignoring text and logical values
STDEVA
Built In
Estimates standard deviation based on a

sample including text and logical values
STDEVP
Built In
STDEVPA
Built In
STEYX
Built In
Calculates standard distribution based on the

entire population ignoring text and logical
values
Calculates standard deviation based on the
entire population including text and logical
values
Returns the standard error of the predicted yvalue for each x in the regression
TDIST
Built In
Returns the probability for the Student tdistribution where a numeric value (x) is a
calculated value of t for which the probability is
to be computed
TINV
Built In
Returns the t-value of the Student's tdistribution based on given probability and
degrees of freedom
TREND
Built In
Entered as an array formula, TREND fits a

straight line using the least squares method to
arrays of known_y's and known_x's and
returns the y-values along that line for the
array of specified new_x's
TRIMMEAN
Built In
Calculates the mean by excluding a specified

percentage of data points from the top and
bottom tails of a data set
TTEST
Built In
Returns the probability associated with a

student's t-test
VAR
Built In

ignoring logical values and text
VARA
Built In

including text and logical values
VARP
Built In

population ignoring text and logical values
VARPA
Built In

population including text and logical values
WEIBULL
Built In
Returns the Weibull distribution
ZTEST
Built In
Returns the two-tailed P-value of a z-test
Notes:
* See also COUNTIF (Maths) and COUNTBLANK (Information) and DCOUNT and DCOUNTA (Database)
** See also COMBIN function (Maths)
Statistical Function Arguments

Argument
Description
An optional lower bound to the interval of x
Actual_range
The range of data that contains observations to test against expected values
Alpha
A parameter of a distribution
Array
Array1 (PEARSON function)
A set of independent values
A set of dependent values
An optional lower bound to the interval of y
Beta
Bins_array
An array of or reference to intervals into which you want to group the values
Const
A logical value specifying whether to force the constant b to equal 1:

TRUE or omitted, b is calculated normally; FALSE, b is set equal to 1 and the m-values are adjusted so that
y = m^x
Criteria
Cumulative
A logical value that determines the form of the function
Data_array
An array of or reference to a set of values
Degrees_freedom
The number of degrees of freedom
Degrees_freedom1
The numerator degrees of freedom
Degrees_freedom2
The denominator degrees of freedom
Expected_range
The range of data that contains the ratio of the product of row totals and column totals to the grand total
Is the position in the array or cell range of data to return
Known_x's
The independent array or range of data
Known_y's
The dependent array or range of data
Lambda
The parameter value
Lower_limit
Mean
The arithmetic mean
Mean (LOGNORMDIST and

LOGINV)
The mean of ln(x).
New_x's
new x-values for which you want GROWTH to return corresponding y-values
Number_chosen
The number of items
Number_population
The population size
Number_s
The number of successes in trials
Number_sample
The size of the sample
Number1
The first number
Number2,
Order
A number specifying how to rank number; 0 or omitted = descending; non-zero = ascending
Percent
The fractional number of data points to exclude from the calculation
Population_s
The number of successes in the population
Prob_range
A set of probabilities associated with values in x_range
Probability
A probability associated with the distribution
Probability_s
The probability of success on each trial
Quart
Indicates which value to return: 0 = minimum value; 1 = 1st Quartile (25th Percentile); 2 = 2nd Quartile; 3 =
3rd Quartile; 4 = Maximum value
Range
A range
Ref
An array of, or a reference to, a list of numbers
Sample_s
The number of successes in the sample
Sigma
The population (known) standard deviation. If omitted, the sample standard deviation is used
Significance
Size
The sample size
Standard_dev
The population standard deviation for the data range
Standard_dev (LOGNORMDIST and The standard deviation of ln(x).

LOGINV)
Stats
A logical value specifying whether to return additional regression statistics TRUE returns additional statistics
Tails
Specifies the number of distribution tails to return. If tails = 1, TDIST returns the one-tailed distribution. If
tails = 2, TDIST returns the two-tailed distribution
Trials
The number of independent trials
Type (TTEST function)
The kind of t-Test to perform; 1 = Paired; 2 = Two-sample equal variance (homoscedastic); 3 = Two-sample
unequal variance (heteroscedastic)
Upper_limit
Value1
A numeric value
Value2,
X_range
The range of numeric values of x with which there are associated probabilities
The value for which you want the distribution
stical Functions
Syntax
=AVEDEV(Number1,Number2,)
=AVERAGE(Number1,Number2,)
=AVERAGEA(Value1,Value2,)
=BETADIST(x,alpha,beta,A,B)
=BETAINV(probability,alpha,beta,A,B)
=BINOMDIST(number_s,trials,probability_s,
cumulative)
=CHIDIST(x,degrees_freedom)
=CHIINV(probability,degrees_freedom)
=CHITEST(actual_range,expected_range)
=CONFIDENCE(alpha,standard_dev,size)
=CORREL(array1,array2)
=COUNT(value1,value2, ...)
=COUNTA(value1,value2, ...)
=COVAR(array1,array2)
=CRITBINOM(trials,probability_s,alpha)
=DEVSQ(number1,number2,...)
=EXPONDIST(x,lambda,cumulative)
=FDIST(x,degrees_freedom1,
degrees_freedom2)
=FINV(probability,degrees_freedom1,
degrees_freedom2)
=FISHER(x)
=FISHERINV(y)
=FORECAST(x,known_y's,known_x's)
=FREQUENCY(data_array,bins_array)
=FTEST(array1,array2)
=GAMMADIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)
=GAMMAINV(probability,alpha,beta)
=GAMMALN(x)
=GEOMEAN(number1,number2, ...)
=GROWTH(known_y's,known_x's,new_x's,const)
=HARMEAN(number1,number2, ...)
=HYPGEOMDIST(sample_s,number_sample,
population_s,number_population)
=INTERCEPT(known_y's,known_x's)
=KURT(number1,number2, ...)
=LARGE(array,k)
=LINEST(known_y's,known_x's,const,stats)
=LOGEST(known_y's,known_x's,const,stats)
=LOGINV(probability,mean,standard_dev)
=LOGNORMDIST(x,mean,standard_dev)
=MAX(number1,number2,...)
=MAXA(value1,value2,...)
=MEDIAN(number1,number2, ...)
=MIN(number1,number2,...)
=MINA(value1,value2,...)
=MODE(number1,number2,...)
=NEGBINOMDIST(number_f,number_s,
probability_s)
=NORMDIST(x,mean,standard_dev,cumulative)
=NORMINV(probability,mean,standard_dev)
=NORMSDIST(z)
=NORMSINV(probability)
=PEARSON(array1,array2)
=PERCENTILE(array,k)
=PERCENTRANK(array,x,significance)
=PERMUT(number,number_chosen)
=POISSON(x,mean,cumulative)
=PROB(x_range,prob_range,lower_limit,
upper_limit)
=QUARTILE(array,quart)
=RANK(number,ref,order)
=RSQ(known_y's,known_x's)
=SKEW(number1,number2,...)
=SLOPE(known_y's,known_x's)
=SMALL(array,k)
=STANDARDIZE(x,mean,standard_dev)
=STDEV(number1,number2,...)
=STDEVA(value1,value2,...)
=STDEVP(number1,number2,...)
=STDEVPA(value1,value2,...)
=STEYX(known_y's,known_x's)
=TDIST(x,degrees_freedom,tails)
=TINV(probability,degrees_freedom)
=TREND(known_y's,known_x's,new_x's,const)
=TRIMMEAN(array,percent)
=TTEST(array1,array2,tails,type)
=VAR(number1,number2,...)
=VARA(value1,value2,...)
=VARP(number1,number2,...)
=VARPA(value1,value2,...)
=WEIBULL(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)
=ZTEST(array,x,sigma)
(Information) and DCOUNT and DCOUNTA (Database)
Function Arguments
nterval of x
observations to test against expected values
nterval of y
vals into which you want to group the values
er to force the constant b to equal 1:

d normally; FALSE, b is set equal to 1 and the m-values are adjusted so that
he form of the function

of values
om
om
edom
the ratio of the product of row totals and column totals to the grand total
l range of data to return

of data
f data
ERF
t GROWTH to return corresponding y-values
ls

as
k number; 0 or omitted = descending; non-zero = ascending
oints to exclude from the calculation

population
with values in x_range
distribution
ach trial
0 = minimum value; 1 = 1st Quartile (25th Percentile); 2 = 2nd Quartile; 3 =

e
list of numbers
sample
d deviation. If omitted, the sample standard deviation is used
o round
on for the data range
er to return additional regression statistics TRUE returns additional statistics
tion tails to return. If tails = 1, TDIST returns the one-tailed distribution. If

tailed distribution
= Paired; 2 = Two-sample equal variance (homoscedastic); 3 = Two-sample

stic)
he function
x with which there are associated probabilities
e distribution
Text Functions
Name
Source
Description
ASC
Built In
Changes full-width (double-byte) English

half-width (single-byte) characters
BAHTTEXT
Built In
Converts a number to Thai text and adds a

suffix of "Baht"
CHAR
Built In
Returns the ANSI character set (Microsoft) or

Macintosh character set (Macintosh) specified
by the code number
CLEAN
Built In
Removes all nonprintable characters from text
CODE
Built In
Returns a numeric code for the first character

in a text string
CONCATENATE
Built In
Joins several text items into one text item
DOLLAR
Built In
Converts a number to text, using currency

format
EXACT
Built In
Checks to see whether two text values are

identical
FIND
Built In

sensitive)
FINDB
Built In

sensitive) based on the number of bytes each
character uses.
FIXED
Built In
Formats a number as text with a fixed number

of decimals
JIS
Built In
Changes half-width (single-byte) English

full-width (double-byte) characters.
LEFT
Built In
Returns the left most characters from a text

value
LEFTB
Built In
Returns the first character or characters in a

specify.
LEN
Built In
Returns the number of characters in a text

string
LENB
Built In
Returns the number of bytes used to represent

the characters in a text string
LOWER
Built In
Converts text to lowercase
MID
Built In

a string starting at a specified position
MIDB
Built In

a text string, starting at the position you
specify, based on the number of bytes
specified
PHONETIC
Built In
Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters

from a text string
PROPER
Built In
Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a

text value
REPLACE
Built In
Replaces characters within text
REPLACEB
Built In
Replaces part of a text string, based on the

number of bytes you specify, with a different
text string.
REPT
Built In
Repeats text a given number of times
RIGHT
Built In
Returns the rightmost characters from a text

value
RIGHTB
Built In
Returns the last character or characters in a

specify
SEARCH
Built In
Finds one text value within another (not case

sensitive) and returns the number of the
starting position
SEARCHB
Built In
Finds one text string (find_text) within another

text string (within_text), and returns the
number of the starting position of find_text.
The result is based on the number of bytes
each character uses, beginning with start_num
SUBSTITUTE
Built In
Substitutes new text for old text in a text string
Built In
Converts its arguments to text
TEXT
Built In
Formats a number and converts it to text
TRIM
Built In
Removes all spaces from text except single

spaces between words
UPPER
Built In
Converts text to uppercase
VALUE
Built In
Converts a text argument to a number
YEN
Built In
Converts a number to text, using the (yen)

currency format, with the number rounded to a
specified place
Text Function Arguments

Argument
Description
Decimals
The number of digits to the right of the decimal point. If decimals is negative, number is rounded to the left
of the decimal point. If you omit decimals, it is assumed to be 2
Find_text
The text you want to find
Format_text
A number format in text form from in the Category box on the Number tab in the Format Cells dialog box
Instance_num
Specifies which occurrence of old_text you want to replace with new_text. If you specify instance_num, only
that instance of old_text is replaced. Otherwise, every occurrence of old_text in text is changed to new_text
New_text
The text that will replace characters in old_text
No_commas
A logical value that, if TRUE, prevents FIXED from including commas in the returned text
Num_bytes
The number of bytes you want to extract
Num_chars
The number of characters you want to extract
Number
Number_times
A positive number specifying the number of times to repeat text
Old_text
Text in which you want to replace some characters
Reference
Start_num
The character at which to start the search
Text
Text or a reference to a cell that contains the text you want to change
Text1
First item of text
Text2
Second item of text
Text2,
Second of up to 30 items of text
Value
A value or an expression that evaluates to a value
Within_text
The text containing the text you want to find
ext Functions
Syntax
=ASC(Text)
=BAHTTEXT(number)
=CHAR(Number)
=CLEAN(text)
=CODE(text)
=CONCATENATE (text1,text2,...)
=DOLLAR(number,decimals)
=EXACT(text1,text2)
=FIND(find_text,within_text,start_num)
=FINDB(find_text,within_text,start_num)
=FIXED(number,decimals,no_commas)
=JIS(text)
=LEFT(text,num_chars)
=LEFTB(text,num_bytes)
=LEN(text)
=LENB(text)
=LOWER(text)
=MID(text,start_num,num_chars)
=MIDB(text,start_num,num_bytes)
=PHONETIC(reference)
=PROPER(text)
=REPLACE(old_text,start_num,num_chars,
new_text)
=REPLACEB(old_text,start_num,num_bytes,
new_text)
=REPT(text,number_times)
=RIGHT(text,num_chars)
=RIGHTB(text,num_bytes)
=SEARCH(find_text,within_text,start_num)
=SEARCHB(find_text,within_text,start_num)
=SUBSTITUTE(text,old_text,new_text,
instance_num)
=T(value)
=TEXT(value,format_text)
=TRIM(text)
=UPPER(text)
=VALUE(text)
=YEN(number,decimals)
unction Arguments
of the decimal point. If decimals is negative, number is rounded to the left

decimals, it is assumed to be 2
m in the Category box on the Number tab in the Format Cells dialog box
ld_text you want to replace with new_text. If you specify instance_num, only
ced. Otherwise, every occurrence of old_text in text is changed to new_text
ters in old_text
events FIXED from including commas in the returned text
o extract
want to extract
aluates to a number
e number of times to repeat text
e some characters
a field separator
he search
contains the text you want to change
valuates to a value
want to find
COMPLETE LIST OF FUNCTION ARGUMENTS

Argument
Description
An optional lower bound to the interval of x
A1
A logical value that specifies the A1 (TRUE) or R1C1 (FALSE) reference style
Abs_num
The type of reference to return:

1 = Absolute; 2 = Abs Row / Rel Col; 3 = Rel Row / Abs Col; 4 = Relative
Actual_range
The range of data that contains observations to test against expected values
Alpha
Angle
The angle in radians
Area_num
Selects a range in reference from which to return the intersection of row_num and column_num
Argument1,
The arguments to be passed to the procedure
Array
Array_x
The first array or range of values
Array_y
The second array or range of values
A set of independent values
Array1 (SUMPRODUCT)
A cell range of values (up to 30 with SUMPRODUCT)
A set of dependent values
Array2 (SUMPRODUCT)
A second cell range of values (up to 30 with SUMPRODUCT)
Array3,
A third cell range of values (up to 30 with SUMPRODUCT)
An optional lower bound to the interval of y
Base
The base of the logarithm. If base is omitted, it is assumed to be 10
Basis
The type of day count basis to use: 0 or omitted = US(NASD) 30/360

1 = Actual / Actual; 2 = Actual / 360; 3 = Actual / 365; 4 = European 30/360
Basis
(For YEARFRAC)
The type of day count basis to use:

0 or omitted = US(NASD) 30/360; 1 = Actual / Actual; 2 = Actual / 360;
3 = Actual / 365; 4 = European 30/360
Basis(For Depreciation Functions)
Year basis to be used:

0 or omitted 360 (NASD); 1 = Actual; 2 = 365; 3 = 360 (European)
Beta
Bins_array
An array of or reference to intervals into which you want to group the values
Bottom
The smallest integer to be returned
Coefficients
A set of coefficients by which each successive power of x is multiplied. The number of values in coefficients
determines the number of terms in the power series
Col_index_num
The column number in table_array from which the matching value must be returned
Col_names_logical
Indicates whether column names are returned as the first row of the results. TRUE if the column names to
be returned as the first row of the results. FALSE if column names not wanted. If column_names_logical is
omitted, SQL.REQUEST does not return column names
Cols
The number of columns, to the left (-) or right (+), that you want the upper-left cell of the result to refer to
Column_num
Column number
Connection_string
Supplies information, such as the data source name, user ID, and passwords, required by the driver being
used to connect to a data source and must follow the driver's format
Const
Cost
A logical value specifying whether to force the constant b to equal 1:

TRUE or omitted, b is calculated normally
FALSE, b is set equal to 1 and the m-values are adjusted so that y = m^x
Cost of the asset
Coupon
The security's annual coupon rate
Criteria
Cumulative
A logical value that determines the form of the function
Data_array
An array of or reference to a set of values
Data_field
The name, enclosed in quotation marks, for the data field that contains the data
Database
The range of cells that makes up the list or database
Date_purchased
Date of purchase of the asset. Entered as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number or
Date_text
A date enclosed in quotation marks that is in a date text form acceptable to Excel. Note that acceptable date
forms vary with system and Excel settings.
Dates
A schedule of payment dates that corresponds to the cash flow payments. The first payment date indicates
the beginning of the schedule of payments. All other dates must be later than this date, but they may occur
in any order
Day
A number representing the day of the month. If day is greater than the number of days in the month
specified, day aggregates the month and year arguments appropriately and day represents the balance
after this aggregation
Days
The number of nonweekend and nonholiday days before or after start_date. A positive value for days yields
a future date; a negative value yields a past date
Decimal_Dollar
A decimal number
Decimals
The number of digits to the right of the decimal point. If decimals is negative, number is rounded to the left
of the decimal point. If you omit decimals, it is assumed to be 2
Degrees_freedom
The number of degrees of freedom
Degrees_freedom1
The numerator degrees of freedom
Degrees_freedom2
The denominator degrees of freedom
Denominator
The divisor
Discount
The security's discount rate
Divisor
The number by which you want to divide number
Driver_prompt
Specifies when the driver dialog box is displayed and which options are available
Effect_rate
The effective interest rate
End_Date
The last date as an acceptable date in inverted commas or as a serial number
End_Period
Last period number
Error_val
The error value whose identifying number you want:

1 = #Null!; 2 = #Div/0!; 3 = #Value!; 4 = #Ref!; 5 = #Name?; 6 = #N/A
Expected_range
The range of data that contains the ratio of the product of row totals and column totals to the grand total
Factor
The rate at which the balance declines. If factor is omitted, it is assumed to be 2 (the double-declining
balance method)
Field
Indicates which column is used in the function as text in inverted commas or as number of field
Field1, Item1
Field2, Item2,
File_text
The name of the file that contains the code resource in Microsoft Excel for the Macintosh
Finance_rate
The interest rate you pay on the money used in the cash flows
Find_Text
The text you want to find
First_coupon
The security's first coupon date
First_Interest
A security's first interest date entered as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number or
First_Period
Date of the end of the first period. Entered as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number
or function returning a date serial number
Form
A number specifying the type of roman numeral you want; 0 (Default) = Classic; 1-4 Progressively simplified;
TRUE = Classic; FALSE = Most Simplified
Format_text
A number format in text form from in the Category box on the Number tab in the Format Cells dialog box
Fraction
The integer to use in the denominator of the fraction
Fractional_Dollar
A number expressed as a fraction
Frequency
The number of coupon payments per year for a security.
Friendly_name
The jump text or numeric value that is displayed in the cell
From_unit(1)
A unit of measurement:
From_unit(2)
(avoirdupois)
From_unit(3)
= 1E-15 = femto; "a" = 1E-18 = atto
Full_precision
A logical value; FALSE = currency specific rounding rules, TRUE = full precision
Function_num
The number 1 to 11 that specifies which function to use in calculating subtotals within a list:
1 = AVERAGE; 2 = COUNT; 3 = COUNTA; 4 = MAX; 5 = MIN; 6 = PRODUCT; 7 = STDEV; 8 = STDEVP; 9 =
SUM; 10 = VAR; 11 = VARP
FV
Future Value
Guess
A number that you guess is close to the result of IRR
Height
The height, in number of rows, that you want the returned reference to be. Height must be a positive number
Holidays
An optional range of one or more dates to exclude from the working calendar. The list can be either a range
of cells that contains the dates or an array constant of the serial numbers that represent the dates
Hour
A number from 0 to 32767 representing the hour. Any value greater than 23 will be divided by 24 and the
remainder will be treated as the hour value
I_num
Imaginary coefficient of the complex number
I_number
A complex number
Index_num
Specifies which value argument is selected. Index_num must be a number between 1 and 29, or a formula
or reference to a cell containing a number between 1 and 29
Info_type
A text value that specifies what type of cell information you want:
"Address" = first cell in reference
"Col" = First column number in reference
"Color" Returns 1 for negative colored, 0 otherwise
"Contents" = Value of upper left cell in reference
"Format" = Text value corresponding to number format
"Prentheses" = Returns 1 for parenthese for positive or all values, 0 otherwise
"Prefix" = Text value corresponding to label prefix
"Protect" = returns 0 if unlucked, 1 if locked
"Row" = First row number in reference
"Type" = Text value for type of data; b for blank, l for label, v for value
"Width" = Column width rounded to nearest integer
Instance_num
Specifies which occurrence of old_text you want to replace with new_text. If you specify instance_num, only
that instance of old_text is replaced. Otherwise, every occurrence of old_text in text is changed to new_text
Inumber
A complex number
INumber1
First Complex number
INumber2
Second Complex
INumber2
The second of 1-29 complex numbers
Investment
The amount invested in the security
Issue
A security's issue date entered as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number or function
returning a date serial number
Item1
Item2,
Is the position in the array or cell range of data to return
Known_x's
The independent array or range of data
Known_y's
The dependent array or range of data
Lambda
The parameter value
Last_interest
The security's last coupon date
Life
The number of periods over which the asset is being depreciated (sometimes called the useful life of the
asset)
Link_location
The path and file name to the document to be opened as text
Logical
A value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE
Logical_test
Any value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE
Logical1
Condition to be tested. Argument must evaluate to a logical value or be arrays or references that contain
logical values
Logical2,
Second of up to 30 conditions you want to test that can be either TRUE or FALSE
Lookup_array
A contiguous range of cells containing possible lookup values. Lookup_array must be an array or an array
reference
Lookup_value
The value to be found
Lookup_vector
A range that contains only one row or one column. The values in lookup_vector can be text, numbers, or
logical values
Lower_limit
The step by which to increase n for each term in the series
Match_type
The number -1, 0, or 1. Match_type specifies how Microsoft Excel matches lookup_value with values in
lookup_array:
1 = (default) largest value less than or equal to look_up value
The
security's
maturity
0
= first
value to
exactlydate
equal lookup value
-1 = smallest value greater than or equal to look_value
Maturity
Mean
The arithmetic mean
Mean (LOGNORMDIST and

LOGINV)
The mean of ln(x).
Method
FALSE or omitted = US (NASD) 30/360 method; TRUE = European 30/360 method
Minute
A number from 0 to 32767 representing the minute. Any value greater than 59 will be converted to hours
and minutes
Module_text
Quoted text specifying the name of the dynamic link library (DLL) that contains the procedure in Microsoft
Excel for Windows
Month (For DATE function)
A number representing the month of the year. If month is greater than 12, month adds that number of
months to the first month in the year specified
Months
The number of months before or after start_date
Multiple
The multiple to which you want to round number
New_text
The text that will replace characters in old_text
New_x's
new x-values for which you want GROWTH to return corresponding y-values
No_commas
A logical value that, if TRUE, prevents FIXED from including commas in the returned text
No_switch
A logical value specifying whether to switch to straight-line depreciation when depreciation is greater than
the declining balance calculation.If TRUE, Excel does not switch to straight-line depreciation even when the
depreciation is greater than the declining balance calculation. FALSE or omitted, Excel switches to straightline depreciation when depreciation is greater than the declining balance calculation
Nominal_rate
The nominal interest rate
Nper
The number of periods
Npery
The number of compounding periods per year
Num_bytes
The number of bytes you want to extract
Num_chars
The number of characters you want to extract
Num_digits
Specifies the number of digits to which you want to round number: 0 = Integer; -numbers = to left of decimal;
+numbers = to right of decimal
Number
Number_chosen
The number of items
Number_f
The number of failures
Number_population
The population size
Number_s
The number of successes in trials
Number_sample
The size of the sample
Number_times
A positive number specifying the number of times to repeat text
Number1
The first number
Number2
The second number
Number2,
Numerator
The dividend
Old_text
Text in which you want to replace some characters
Order
A number specifying how to rank number; 0 or omitted = descending; non-zero = ascending
Output_ref
A cell reference where you want the completed connection string placed
Par
A security's par value. (Default = $1,000)
Per
The period for which you want to find the interest
Percent
The fractional number of data points to exclude from the calculation
Period
The number of the accounting period
Pivot_table
A reference to any cell, range of cells, or named range of cells in a PivotTable report
Places
The number of characters to use. If places is omitted, Excel uses the minimum number of characters
necessary
Pmt
The payment made each period
Population_s
The number of successes in the population
Power
The exponent to which the base number is raised
Pr
The security's price per $100 face value
Principal
The present value
Prob_range
A set of probabilities associated with values in x_range
Probability
A probability associated with the distribution
Probability_s
The probability of success on each trial
Procedure
Text specifying the name of the function in the DLL. You can also use the ordinal value of the function from
the EXPORTS statement in the module-definition file (.DEF).
ProgID
The name of the ProgID of a registered COM automation add-in that has been installed on the local
computer. Enclose the name in quotation marks
PV
The Present Value
Quart
Indicates which value to return: 0 = minimum value; 1 = 1st Quartile (25th Percentile); 2 = 2nd Quartile; 3 =
3rd Quartile; 4 = Maximum value
Query_text
The SQL statement that you want to execute on the data source
Range
A range
Range_lookup
A logical value that specifies whether you want to find an exact match or an approximate match. If TRUE =
approximate match is returned FALSE = Exact
Rate
(For amortization functions)
The interest rate per period
Rate
(For Depreciation Functions)
The rate of depreciation
Rate
(For NPV and XNPV)
The discount rate
Rate
A security's annual coupon rate
Real_num
The real coefficient of the complex number
Redemption
The security's redemption value per $100 face value
Ref
An array of, or a reference to, a list of numbers
Ref_text
Refers to another workbook (an external reference),
Ref1
First of up to 29 ranges or references for which you want the subtotal
Ref2,
Second of up to 29 ranges or references for which you want the subtotal
Reference
Register_id
The value returned by a previously executed REGISTER or REGISTER.ID function
Reinjvest_rate
The interest rate you receive on the cash flows as you reinvest them
Resource
The name of the code resource in Microsoft Excel for the Macintosh. You can also use the resource ID
number. The resource ID number must not be in the form of text
Result_vector
A range that contains only one row or column. It must be the same size as lookup_vector
Return_type
(WEEKDAY only)
A number that determines the type of return value: 1 (or omitted) 1 = Sunday; 2 = 1 = Monday; 3 = 0 =
Monday
Return_type
(WEEKNUM only)
A number that determines on which day the week begins; 1 (or omitted) = starts Sunday nums 1 to 7; 2 =
starts Monday nums 1 to 7
Row_index_num
The row number in table_array from which the matching value will be returned
Row_num
Row number
Rows
The number of rows, up (-) or down (+), that you want the upper-left cell to refer to
Salvage
Salvage value at the end of the life of the asset
Sample_s
The number of successes in the sample
Schedule
An array of interest rates to apply
Second
A number from 0 to 32767 representing the second. Any value greater than 59 will be converted to hours,
minutes, and seconds
Serial_num
An Excel date / time serial number. Dates should be entered by using the DATE function, or as results of
other formulas or functions. The Excel date serial number varies according to setting of 1900 or 1904 date
system in Tools > Options > Calculation.
Serial_Number
A date / time serial number. Dates should be entered by using the DATE function, or as results of other
formulas or functions
Server
Name of the server where the add-in should be run. If there is no server, and the program is run locally,
leave the argument blank. Otherwise, enter quotation marks ("") around the server name
Settlement
A security's settlement date, which is the date after the issue date when the security is traded to the buyer.
Entered as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number or function returning a date serial
number
Sheet_text
Text specifying the name of the worksheet to be used as the external reference. If sheet_text is omitted, no
sheet name is used
Sigma
The population (known) standard deviation. If omitted, the sample standard deviation is used
Significance
Size
The sample size
Source
currency
Standard_dev
The population standard deviation for the data range
Standard_dev (LOGNORMDIST and The standard deviation of ln(x).

LOGINV)
Start_date
The first date as an acceptable date in inverted commas or as a serial number
Start_num
The character at which to start the search
Start_Period
First period number
Stats
A logical value specifying whether to return additional regression statistics TRUE returns additional statistics
Step
The threshold value. If you omit a value for step, GESTEP uses zero
Suffix
The suffix for the imaginary component of the complex number. If omitted, suffix is assumed to be "i"
Sum_range
The actual cells to sum
Table_array
A table of information in which data is looked up
Tails
Specifies the number of distribution tails to return. If tails = 1, TDIST returns the one-tailed distribution. If
tails = 2, TDIST returns the two-tailed distribution
Target
currency
Text
Text or a reference to a cell that contains the text you want to change
Text1
First item of text
Text2
Second item of text
Text2,
Second of up to 30 items of text
Time_text
A text string enclosed in quotation marks that represents a time in any one of the Excel time formats
To_unit(1)
To_unit(2)
(avoirdupois)
To_unit(3)
= 1E-15 = femto; "a" = 1E-18 = atto
Top
The largest integer to be returned
Topic1
First of up to 28 parameters that together represent a unique piece of real-time data
Topic2,
Second of up to 28 parameters that together represent a unique piece of real-time data
Trials
The number of independent trials
Triangulation_precision
An integer equal to or greater than 3 that specifies the number of significant digits to be used for the
intermediate euro value when converting between two euro member currencies
Type (Amortization functions)
0 = Payment in arrears; 1 = payment in advance
Type (TTEST function)
The kind of t-Test to perform; 1 = Paired; 2 = Two-sample equal variance (homoscedastic); 3 = Two-sample
unequal variance (heteroscedastic)
Type_text (CALL function)
Text specifying the data type of the return value and the data types of all arguments to the DLL or code
resource
Type_text (INFO function)
Text that specifies what type of information you want returned:

"directory" = Path of current directory of folder;
"memavail" = Amount of currently available memory in bytes;
"memused" = Amount of memory being used for data;
"numfile" = number of active worksheets in open workbooks;
"origin" = cell reference of top leftmost cell visible in window, based on current scrolling position;
"osversion" = current operating system version, as text;
"recalc" = current recalculation mode;
"release" = version of Excel;
"system" = name of the operating environment (Mac or pcdos);
"totmem" = total memory available
Unit
"y" = years; "m" = months; "d" = days; "md" = days ignoring months and years; "ym" = years and months;
"yd" = years and days
Upper_limit
Value
A value or an expression that evaluates to a value
Value_If_False
The value that is returned if logical_test is FALSE
Value_If_True
The value that is returned if logical_test is TRUE
Value1
A numeric value
Value2,
Values
An array or a reference to cells that contain numbers
Values (IRR and MIRR)
An array or a reference to cells that contain numbers for which you want to calculate the internal rate of
return. Values must contain at least one positive value and one negative value to calculate the internal rate
of return. If an array or reference argument contains text, logical values, or empty cells, those values are
ignored.
Values (XIRR and XNPV)
A series of cash flows that corresponds to a schedule of payments in dates. The first payment is optional
and corresponds to a cost or payment that occurs at the beginning of the investment. If the first value is a
cost or payment, it must be a negative value. All succeeding payments are discounted based on a 365-day
year. The series of values must contain at least one positive value and one negative value
Width
The width, in number of columns, that you want the returned reference to be. Width must be a positive
number
Within_Text
The text containing the text you want to find
x_Num
The x-coordinate of the point
X_range
The range of numeric values of x with which there are associated probabilities
y_Num
The y-coordinate of the point
Year
The year number as one to four digits
Yld
The security's annual yield
The value for which you want the distribution
OF FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
nterval of x
A1 (TRUE) or R1C1 (FALSE) reference style
Col; 3 = Rel Row / Abs Col; 4 = Relative
observations to test against expected values
m which to return the intersection of row_num and column_num
the procedure
s
lues
with SUMPRODUCT)
p to 30 with SUMPRODUCT)
o 30 with SUMPRODUCT)
nterval of y
se is omitted, it is assumed to be 10
se: 0 or omitted = US(NASD) 30/360

360; 3 = Actual / 365; 4 = European 30/360
se:
0; 1 = Actual / Actual; 2 = Actual / 360;
30/360
ctual; 2 = 365; 3 = 360 (European)
vals into which you want to group the values
ned
ch successive power of x is multiplied. The number of values in coefficients

in the power series
ay from which the matching value must be returned
s are returned as the first row of the results. TRUE if the column names to
e results. FALSE if column names not wanted. If column_names_logical is
ot return column names
eft (-) or right (+), that you want the upper-left cell of the result to refer to
e data source name, user ID, and passwords, required by the driver being
e and must follow the driver's format
er to force the constant b to equal 1:

d normally
he m-values are adjusted so that y = m^x
te
he form of the function

of values
n marks, for the data field that contains the data
p the list or database
Entered as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number or

number
rks that is in a date text form acceptable to Excel. Note that acceptable date
el settings.
at corresponds to the cash flow payments. The first payment date indicates
payments. All other dates must be later than this date, but they may occur
of the month. If day is greater than the number of days in the month
onth and year arguments appropriately and day represents the balance
d nonholiday days before or after start_date. A positive value for days yields
yields a past date
of the decimal point. If decimals is negative, number is rounded to the left

decimals, it is assumed to be 2
om
om
edom
to divide number
box is displayed and which options are available
g number you want:

ue!; 4 = #Ref!; 5 = #Name?; 6 = #N/A
the ratio of the product of row totals and column totals to the grand total
eclines. If factor is omitted, it is assumed to be 2 (the double-declining
in the function as text in inverted commas or as number of field

ns the code resource in Microsoft Excel for the Macintosh

money used in the cash flows
tered as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number or

number
d. Entered as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number

al number
roman numeral you want; 0 (Default) = Classic; 1-4 Progressively simplified;

Simplified
m in the Category box on the Number tab in the Format Cells dialog box
inator of the fraction
on
s per year for a security.
that is displayed in the cell
(1/72in)
= Watt
Gauss
atto
cy specific rounding rules, TRUE = full precision
es which function to use in calculating subtotals within a list:

COUNTA; 4 = MAX; 5 = MIN; 6 = PRODUCT; 7 = STDEV; 8 = STDEVP; 9 =
e to the result of IRR
hat you want the returned reference to be. Height must be a positive number
e dates to exclude from the working calendar. The list can be either a range
or an array constant of the serial numbers that represent the dates
senting the hour. Any value greater than 23 will be divided by 24 and the
hour value
plex number
is selected. Index_num must be a number between 1 and 29, or a formula

a number between 1 and 29
ype of cell information you want:

e
eference
olored, 0 otherwise
cell in reference
ding to number format
renthese for positive or all values, 0 otherwise
ing to label prefix
, 1 if locked
erence
ata; b for blank, l for label, v for value
d to nearest integer
ld_text you want to replace with new_text. If you specify instance_num, only
ced. Otherwise, every occurrence of old_text in text is changed to new_text
mbers
urity
as an acceptable date in quotation marks or as a serial number or function

l range of data to return

of data
f data
ch the asset is being depreciated (sometimes called the useful life of the
ocument to be opened as text

e evaluated to TRUE or FALSE
n be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE
nt must evaluate to a logical value or be arrays or references that contain
ou want to test that can be either TRUE or FALSE
aining possible lookup values. Lookup_array must be an array or an array
ow or one column. The values in lookup_vector can be text, numbers, or
ERF
for each term in the series
ype specifies how Microsoft Excel matches lookup_value with values in
han or equal to look_up value

okup value
or equal to look_value
30/360 method; TRUE = European 30/360 method
senting the minute. Any value greater than 59 will be converted to hours
e of the dynamic link library (DLL) that contains the procedure in Microsoft
th of the year. If month is greater than 12, month adds that number of
year specified
r after start_date
o round number
ters in old_text
t GROWTH to return corresponding y-values
events FIXED from including commas in the returned text
er to switch to straight-line depreciation when depreciation is greater than

n.If TRUE, Excel does not switch to straight-line depreciation even when the
declining balance calculation. FALSE or omitted, Excel switches to straighttion is greater than the declining balance calculation
riods per year
o extract
want to extract
which you want to round number: 0 = Integer; -numbers = to left of decimal;
aluates to a number
ls
e number of times to repeat text

as
e some characters
k number; 0 or omitted = descending; non-zero = ascending

the completed connection string placed
= $1,000)
o find the interest
oints to exclude from the calculation
eriod
cells, or named range of cells in a PivotTable report
e. If places is omitted, Excel uses the minimum number of characters
population
number is raised
ce value
with values in x_range

distribution
ach trial
function in the DLL. You can also use the ordinal value of the function from
module-definition file (.DEF).
gistered COM automation add-in that has been installed on the local
quotation marks
0 = minimum value; 1 = 1st Quartile (25th Percentile); 2 = 2nd Quartile; 3 =

e
nt to execute on the data source
ether you want to find an exact match or an approximate match. If TRUE =

FALSE = Exact
ex number
per $100 face value
list of numbers
external reference),
ences for which you want the subtotal
ferences for which you want the subtotal
a field separator
sly executed REGISTER or REGISTER.ID function

the cash flows as you reinvest them
in Microsoft Excel for the Macintosh. You can also use the resource ID
er must not be in the form of text
ow or column. It must be the same size as lookup_vector
pe of return value: 1 (or omitted) 1 = Sunday; 2 = 1 = Monday; 3 = 0 =
hich day the week begins; 1 (or omitted) = starts Sunday nums 1 to 7; 2 =
rom which the matching value will be returned
own (+), that you want the upper-left cell to refer to
life of the asset

sample
senting the second. Any value greater than 59 will be converted to hours,
ber. Dates should be entered by using the DATE function, or as results of

Excel date serial number varies according to setting of 1900 or 1904 date
culation.
es should be entered by using the DATE function, or as results of other
dd-in should be run. If there is no server, and the program is run locally,
rwise, enter quotation marks ("") around the server name
ch is the date after the issue date when the security is traded to the buyer.
n quotation marks or as a serial number or function returning a date serial
worksheet to be used as the external reference. If sheet_text is omitted, no
d deviation. If omitted, the sample standard deviation is used
o round

ce - drachma - GRD
on for the data range
he search
er to return additional regression statistics TRUE returns additional statistics
a value for step, GESTEP uses zero
ponent of the complex number. If omitted, suffix is assumed to be "i"
ata is looked up
tion tails to return. If tails = 1, TDIST returns the one-tailed distribution. If

tailed distribution

ce - drachma - GRD
contains the text you want to change
on marks that represents a time in any one of the Excel time formats
(1/72in)
= Watt
Gauss
atto
ed
together represent a unique piece of real-time data
that together represent a unique piece of real-time data
an 3 that specifies the number of significant digits to be used for the

onverting between two euro member currencies
ment in advance
= Paired; 2 = Two-sample equal variance (homoscedastic); 3 = Two-sample

stic)
the return value and the data types of all arguments to the DLL or code
nformation you want returned:

ctory of folder;
y available memory in bytes;
y being used for data;
rksheets in open workbooks;
ftmost cell visible in window, based on current scrolling position;
system version, as text;
mode;
g environment (Mac or pcdos);

ble
days; "md" = days ignoring months and years; "ym" = years and months;
valuates to a value
cal_test is FALSE
cal_test is TRUE
hat contain numbers
hat contain numbers for which you want to calculate the internal rate of
ast one positive value and one negative value to calculate the internal rate
e argument contains text, logical values, or empty cells, those values are
sponds to a schedule of payments in dates. The first payment is optional

yment that occurs at the beginning of the investment. If the first value is a
gative value. All succeeding payments are discounted based on a 365-day
contain at least one positive value and one negative value
s, that you want the returned reference to be. Width must be a positive
want to find
he function
x with which there are associated probabilities
digits
e distribution

Fuction Maps

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fuction Maps

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EXCEL FUNCTIONS

Prepared By Norman Harker

COMPLETE LIST OF EXCEL FUNCTIONS

Returns the absolute value of a number

Analysis ToolPak Financial

Returns the accrued interest for a security that

Analysis ToolPak Financial

Returns the accrued interest for a security that

Returns in radians the arccosine of a number

Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a

Lookup & Ref

Creates a cell address as text based on given

Analysis ToolPak Financial

Returns the depreciation for each accounting

Analysis ToolPak Financial

Returns the depreciation for each accounting

Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUE

Lookup & Ref

Returns the number of areas in a reference

Changes full-width (double-byte) English

Returns in radians the arcsine of a number

Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a

Returns in radians the arctangent of a number

Returns in radians the arctangent from x and y

Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a

Returns the average of the absolute

Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of up

Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of its

Converts a number to Thai text and adds a

Analysis ToolPak Engineering

Returns the Bessel function evaluated for

Analysis ToolPak Engineering

Returns the Bessel function represented by

Analysis ToolPak Engineering

Returns the modified Bessel function

Analysis ToolPak Engineering

Returns the Bessel / Weber / Neumann

Returns the cumulative beta probability

Returns the inverse of the cumulative beta

Analysis ToolPak Engineering

Converts binary number to decimal

Analysis ToolPak Engineering

Converts binary number to hexadecimal

Analysis ToolPak Engineering

Converts binary number to octal

Returns the individual term binomial

Calls a procedure in a dynamic link library or

Rounds a number (away from zero) to the

Returns information about the formatting ,

Returns the ANSI character set (Microsoft) or

Returns the one-tailed probability of the chisquared distribution

Returns the inverse of the one-tailed

Returns the value from the chi-squared (2)

Lookup & Ref

Uses a specified index number to select one

Removes all nonprintable characters from text

Returns a numeric code for the first character

Lookup & Ref

Returns the column number of the cell or a

Lookup & Ref

Returns the number of columns in an array or

Returns the number of combinations for a

Analysis ToolPak Engineering

Converts real and imaginary coefficients into