End of Chapter Checklist

You should now be able to:

recall the general plan of the circulation system, including the blood vessels to and from the heart,
lungs, liver and kidneys

describe the structure and function of the heart

explain why the heart rate changes during exercise and under the influence of adrenaline
recall the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries and understand their roles, including the

Chapter 4: Blood and Circulation

nature of the pulse

explain how tissue fluid is formed and recall its role

recall the composition of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma
understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones
and heat energy

explain the adaptations of red blood cells for the transport of oxygen, including shape, structure
and the presence of haemoglobin

understand the role of white blood cells in preventing disease, by phagocytosis and antibody

production
Questions

understand the functions of blood clotting, and the role of platelets in this
understand the problems associated with transplants, including the need to avoid rejection
a) Questions EOCC.
understand the nature of ABO blood groups and their importance in blood transfusions
explain the causes of heart attacks
understand the effects of exercise and the benefits of regular exercise on the circulatory system.

Questions EOCC intor

1

Questions
1 The circulation system carries nutrients, oxygen and carbon
dioxide around the body.
lungs

pulmonary
artery
vena cava

Y
C
D
heart

hepatic
artery

liver
hepatic
portal
vein

E
direction of blood flow

mesenteric
artery

kidney
oxygenated blood

a) Write down the correct labels for A to E.

b) Give two differences between the blood vessels at

point X and point Y.

c) Which blood vessel contains the highest concentration

of urea?

A
B

hepatic
vein

2 Blood transports oxygen and carbon dioxide around the

body. Oxygen is transported by the red blood cells.

a) Give three ways in which a red blood cell is adapted to

its function of transporting oxygen.

b) Describe how oxygen:

i) enters a red blood cell from the alveoli in the lungs

ii) passes from a red blood cell to an actively respiring

muscle cell.

c) Describe how carbon dioxide is transported around

thebody.

renal artery
deoxygenated blood

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