E3-E4 CFA

IP Concepts

for BSNL internal circulation only

AGENDA
IP overview
TCP/UDP
IP Addressing

for BSNL internal circulation only

 Internet architecture : layered design.

Layers interact with each other.
One layer uses the service of its next lower layer and
provides the service to the next higher layer.
Header information.
Encapsulation.

for BSNL internal circulation only

TCP layers and

encapsulation method

for BSNL internal circulation only

Function of Layers

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TCP/IP Model
Application Layer
Application programs using the network
Transport Layer (TCP/UDP)
Management of end-to-end message transmission,
error detection and error correction
Network Layer (IP)
Handling of datagrams : routing and congestion
Data Link Layer
Management of cost effective and reliable data delivery,
access to physical networks

Physical Layer
Physical Media
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IPIP-datagram format
Version 4 Bit field
Total Length 16 Bit field
Identification 16 Bit field
Time to Live (TTL) 8 Bit field
Protocol 8 Bit field
Checksum 16 Bit field
Source Address 32 Bit field
Destination Address 32 Bit field
Options variable field
for BSNL internal circulation only

IPIP-datagram format
32 Bits

Version

IHL

Type of service

Total length

Identification

Time to live

Protocol

Fragment offset

Header checksum

Source address

Destination address

Options (o or more words)

for BSNL internal circulation only

TCP/IP Transport Layer Protocols

USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL (UDP)
TRANSMISSION CONTORL PROTOCOL (TCP)
INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL (ICMP)
INTERNET GROUP MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL (IGMP)

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UDP datagram format

Octet + 0
7

6 5

Octet + 1
3 2 1

6 5

Octet + 3

Octet + 2
3 2 1

6 5

3 2 1

6 5

Source port

Destination port

Message length

Checksum

UDP data

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3 2 1

TCP datagram format

32 Bits
Destination port

Source port

Sequence number

Acknowledgement number

TCP header
length

TCP header
length

Checksum

Window size

Urgent pointer

Options (o or more32-bit words)

Data (optional)

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IP Addressing
32-bit integer address.
Dotted decimal notation.
IP address : network, host, class, subnet mask.

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IP Address Classes
Class

Networks

Hosts

126

16,777,214

16,384

65,534

2,097,152

254

Private Subnets
10.0.0.0/8,
172.16.0.0/12,and
192.168.0.0/16.
for BSNL internal circulation only

Subnetting
Subnetting : For control network traffic, organization, use of
different physical media, preservation of address space, and
security.
Default Subnet masks:
Class A - 255.0.0.0 - 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
Class B - 255.255.0.0 - 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Class C - 255.255.255.0 - 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

for BSNL internal circulation only

IP v6 addressing:
Address size:128 bits or 16 octets.
Designed to
provide sufficient quantity of addresses.
allow efficient aggregation for routing.

Example of an IPv6
address:2001:0df8:85a7:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7334

for BSNL internal circulation only

for BSNL internal circulation only