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STP
STP
STP
Spanning Tree) path cost will depend on bandwidth of links and cost
.value is as shown below for most commonly used links
10Gbps -> 2
Gbps -> 4 1
Mbps -> 19 100
Mbps -> 100 10
Also it is important to understand how path cost calculate. From Root
Bridge it will send BPDU with cost to Root Bridge as 0. When this
BPDU receive by any other switch it will add its own port cost
(according to the above mentioned value). So if BPDU receive by a
Fast Ethernet port (100 Mbps) it will calculate path cost to root as 19
.(0+19)
For CAT3, it has 3 different option (label b,t,p). Here Root Port choice
is obvious, only via Fa 0/22 (b) is having lowest path cost to Root
.Bridge. So that will become the Root Port
For CAT2s it has 4 different ports (label d,f,u,r). Out of which two
ports (d & f) are having same path cost (19) to Root Bridge. Via port
u it is having path cost of 38 & via port r it is having path cost of
57. Since we have two equal cost paths, you need to know tie
,breaking rules in this scenario. Here they are
Lowest Sending Bridge ID .1
Lowest Port Priority (of sender) .2
Lowest Interface number (of sender) .3
In our case both port d & f receiving BPDU from same bridge
(CAT1) which suggest lowest port priority of sender will be the tie
breaker. By default each port is having priority value of 128 (can be
0-256 multiplier of 16). This makes lowest interface number of
sender it tie breaker. In our case CAT1s fa1/0/23 is having lower
interface number & therefore that BPDU received by CAT2s fa1/0/24
.will become root port
For CAT4, both port G0/3 q & G0/2 s are having equal path
cost(38) to root bridge(CAT1). But in this case port s is getting
BPDU from a lower bridge id switch CAT2 (32778: 001a.e3a7.ff00)