Lec1 PDF

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.
HCM
BI GING
MN: LP TRNH MNG
Ging Vin: Phm Trn V

E-mail: ptvu@cse.hcmut.edu.vn
Trang 1
Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM
GII THIEU
Mc tiu
Cung cp kin thc nn tng v lp trnh mng (Client/Server).
Nm vng cc giao thc cp ng dng ca cc ng dng ph bin nh
DNS, E-mail, FTP, HTTP,...
C kh nng lp trnh trn mi trng Web nh HTML, CSS,vWeb
scripting languages
Ti liu tham kho
[1] Computer Networks, A.S. Tanenbaum, Prentice-Hall, Edition 3.
[2] Unix network programming.
[3] Winsock Programming
Trang 2
GII THIEU
Chng trnh hc chi tit
Chng 0: Khi qut v mng my tnh, TCP/IP

Chng 1: Lp trnh mng dng socket
Chng 2: Lp trnh mng vi Java
Chng 3: Cc ngn ng lp trnh Web XHTML, CSS, XML
Chng 4: DHMTL v lp trnh Web chy client
Chng 5: Lp trnh Web chy server
Chuyn :
Lp trnh mng vi cc giao thc khc.
XML-RPC
SOAP WebService
Trang 3
KHI QUT V MNG MY TNH,

TCP/IP
CHNG 0
Trang 4
GII THIU
Mng my tnh cp n vic kt ni nhng my

tnh hot ng c lp li vi nhau thng qua mi
trng truyn thng.
Trang 5
V SAO PHI S DNG MNG MY TNH
Chia x thong tin.

Chia xe phan cng va phan mem.
Ho tr va quan ly tap trung.
Trang 6
CC CU HNH MNG MY TNH
Trang 7
CC CU HNH MNG MY TNH
Trang 8
MNG KHCH CH (Server based)
Trang 9
CC THNH PHN C BN CA MNG MY TNH

Thit b phn cng v mi trng truyn
Cc mi trng truyn tn hiu

Cc thit b phn cng
Kt ni cc mi trng truyn li vi nhau (Hub, Switch).
iu khin qu trnh truyn d liu (Switch, Router, Gateway).
Chy cc phn mm (my tnh c nhn, my ch).
Phn mm mng
Truyn nhn d liu tin cy gia hai tin trnh, hai my tnh
Nn tng nh PPP, Frame Relay, TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, NetBEUI.
Cc phn mm mng (Web Browser/ Web Server, E-mail
Client/Server,..).
Trang 10
MNG CC B V NG DNG MNG

Local-Area Network
Trang 11
MNG DIN RNG V NG DNG MNG

Wide-Area Network
Trang 12
PROTOCOL, LAYER, OSI MODEL

Giao thc (Protocol)
Qui tc cc thnh phn lin lc nhau.
Cn quan tm
nh dng hay th t ca message trao i.

Hnh ng khi nhn message
Trang 13

Lp (Layer)
P 110
P rofess o
i nal Works tation 5000
SD
Write a letter
Translate letter to
another language
Put letter into an envelope
and address it
Put letter in mailbox
Sorting at Post Office
Monitoring sorted mail

on conveyor
Letter goes on truck
for delivery
Trang 14

M hnh tham kho OSI (Open System Interconnection
Reference Model)
user
Interoperability
Interconnectivity
7
6
5
4
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Logical connection
Remote connection
3
Data Link
Local connection
Physical
1
Trang 15

C ch trao i thng tin
Trang 16

nh dng thng tin
Trang 17
B GIAO THC TCP/IP

Khi nim
Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol

c pht trin bi Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).
a vo chuNn 1983.
Trang 18
SO SNH GIA OSI V TCP/IP

OSI
TCP/IP
Application
Applications
layer
Presentation
Telnet
FTP
SMTP
DNS
SNMP
Session
Transport
Network
Data link
Physical
Transport layer
(host level)
Internet layer
(gateway level)
Network
interface layer
TCP
UDP
ICMP
IP
ARP
Ethernet
Token Ring
FDDI
WANs
Trang 19
SO SNH GIA OSI V TCP/IP
Trang 20
TNG INTERNET TRONG TCP/IP

Cc giao thc
IP, ARP, RARP, ICMP.
a ch ton cc
Cc my tnh giao tip vi nhau thng qua a ch IP v tn gi nh.

Hy suy ngh a ch IP nh thng tin nh ca bn !!!!
a ch IP : Mi a ch l mt cp (netid, hostid).
Trang 21
NA CH IP
a ch IP (version 4)
a ch IP c chiu di 4 bytes (32 bits)

a ch IP thng biu bin dng thp phn :

xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (x l s thp phn 0-9)

V d : 172.28.11.100
Netmask

a ch mng tng trng nh thng tin con ng, phng, qun (mt vng)
Dng mt n mng (Netmask) khai bo s bit dng cho a ch mng.
V d: 255.255.255.0 (24 bits dnh cho a ch mng, 8 bits cn li dnh cho a
ch my).
a ch my tng trng cho ch s nh (duy nht trong 1 mng con)
Trang 22
NA CH IP
Phn lp a ch
Xc nh bi nhng bit nhn dng (Class ID).
S tng quan gia lp v kch thc mng
Trang 23
NA CH IP
Cc a ch IP c bit
Cc vng a ch IP dnh ring (Private Network)

10.0.0.0
172.16.0.0
192.168.0.0
->
->
->
10.255.255.255.255
172.31.255.255
192.168.255.255
Trang 24
NA CH IP
128.1.0.1
128.1.0.2
128.1.0.3
Net 128.1.0.0
Bridge
128.1.0.4
128.1.0.5
Net 128.1.0.0
128.1.0.6
203.162.6.1
Router
203.162.6.2
203.162.6.3
Net
203.162.6.0
Trang 25
CC GIAO THC XEM XT
Trang 26
INTERNET PROTOCOL
Khi nim
Chc nng
RFC 791
Giao thc lp 3 ph bin.
Giao thc nn tng to mng Internet.
nh ngha cu trc cc gi d liu l n v c s cho vic truyn d
liu trn Internet.
nh tuyn chuyn cc gi d liu trong mng.
c tnh
C kh nng pht hin li trong phn header.

N lc ti a(Best-effort): khng tin cy v khng c kt ni.
Phn mnh v hp nht.
Trang 27
INTERNET PROTOCOL
nh dng ca IP Datagram
Trang 28
INTERNET PROTOCOL
nh dng ca IP Datagram (tip theo)
Version(VER): IPv4 hay IPv6.

Flags, Fragmentation offset : dng cho vn phn mnh.
Time To Live.
Protocol:
Value
Protocol
1
ICMP
IGMP
TCP
EGP
17
UDP
41
IPv6
89
OSPF
Trang 29
INTERNET PROTOCOL
Phn mnh (Fragment)
MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit)

Chiu di ti a ca IP Datagram
l: 65.535 Bytes.
Khi i qua cc mng c MTU
nh hn th cn phn mnh.
Khi n ch s thc hin hp
nht.
Protocol
MTU(Bytes)
Hyperchannel
65.535
Token ring
(16Mbps)
17.914
Token ring
(4Mbps)
4.464
FDDI
4.352
Ethernet
1500
X.25
576
PPP
296
Trang 30
INTERNET PROTOCOL
V d v phn mnh i vi Ethernet
Trang 31
INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL

Khi nim
Gi cc thng bo li v cc thng bo iu khin.

Cc loi sau c dng nh ngha thng ip:
Destination Unreachable
Time to Live Exceeded
Parameter Problem
Source Quench
Redirect
Echo
Echo reply
Timestamp
Timestamp Reply
Information Request
Information Reply
Address Request
Address Reply
Trang 32
ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL

Khi nim
Phn gii hay nh x t a ch IP thnh a ch MAC.
C ch hot ng.
Trang 33

V d cng subnet
Host Cerf
172.16.10.25
255.255.255.0
MAC 00-0C-04-38-44-AA
Host Stevens
172.16.10.10
255.255.255.0
MAC 00-0C-04-17-91-CC
Source
Destination
172.16.10.0/24
Router A
Host Stevens a ch IP l 172.16.10.10

mun gi IP packet n Host Cerf a
ch IP l 172.16.10.25.
Ethernet 0
172.16.10.1
255.255.255.0
MAC 03-0D-17-8A-F1-32
Trang 34

V d cng subnet (tip theo)

Destination MAC Address???
ARP Table
IP Address
MAC Address
172.16.10.3
00-0C-04-32-14-A1
172.16.10.19
00-0C-14-02-00-19
172.16.10.33
00-0C-A6-19-46-C1
Host Stevens
172.16.10.10
255.255.255.0
MAC 00-0C-04-17-91-CC
Source
Host Cerf
172.16.10.25
255.255.255.0
MAC 00-0C-04-38-44-AA
Destination
172.16.10.0/24
Router A
Ethenet 0
Trang 35

- ARP Request t host Stevens a ch IP 172.16.10.10
Hey everyone! I have this IP Address, 172.28.10.25, and I need the device
this belongs to, to send me their MAC address.
ARP Request from 172.16.10.10

Ethernet Header
Ethernet
Destinatio
n Address
(MAC)
FF-FFFF-FFFF-FF
Ethernet
Source
Address
(MAC)
00-0C04-1791-CC
Ethernet Data 28 byte ARP request/reply
Fram
e
Type
0x806
ARP
header
s, i.e.
op field
op = 1
Senders
Ethernet
Address
(MAC)
00-0C04-1791-CC
Senders
IP Address
172.16.10.10
Targets
Ethernet
Address
(MAC)
Targets
IP Address
172.16.10.25
op field ARP request = 1

ARP reply = 2
RARP request = 3
RARP reply = 4
Trang 36


- ARP Reply t Cerf a ch IP 172.16.10.25
Hey sender of ARP Request! Here is my MAC address
that you wanted for that IP address.
ARP Reply from 172.16.10.25

Ethernet Header
Ethernet
Destinatio
n Address
(MAC)
00-0C04-1791-CC
Ethernet
Source
Address
(MAC)
00-0C04-3844-AA
Fram
e
Type
0x806
ARP
header
s, i.e.
op field
op = 2
Senders
Ethernet
Address
(MAC)
00-0C04-3844-AA
Senders
IP Address
172.16.10.25
Targets
Ethernet
Address
(MAC)
00-0C04-1791-CC
Targets
IP Address
172.16.10.10
Here it is!
Trang 37


- Host Stevens nhn c ARP Reply v a a ch IP, v a ch MAC ca
Host Cerf vo bng ARP ca n.
- Host Stevens by gi c tt c cc thng tin cn thit ng gi IP
packet vo Ethernet frame v gi frame ny trc tip n Host Cerf.
Ethernet Frame
Ethernet Header
MAC
Destination
Address
MAC
Source Address
00-0C04-3844-AA
00-0C04-1791-CC
IP Datagram from above
Other
Heade
r
Info
IP
Header
Info
IP Original
Source
Address
IP Final
Destination
Address
172.17.10.10
172.16.10.25
Data
Ethern
et
Trailer
FCS
Trang 38

V d khc subnet
Host Perlman
172.16.20.12
255.255.255.0
MAC 00-0C-22-A3-14-01
Host Stevens
172.16.10.10
255.255.255.0
MAC 00-0C-04-17-91-CC
Destination
Source
172.16.10.0/24
Router A
172.16.20.0/24
Ethernet 0
172.16.10.1
255.255.255.0
MAC 03-0D-17-8A-F1-32
Host Stevens a ch IP l 172.16.10.10 mun gi mt IP packet n

Host Perlman a ch IP l 172.16.20.12
Trang 39

V d khc subnet (tip theo)

Default Gateway's (the router's)
MAC Address???
IP Address
172.16.10.3
172.16.10.19
172.16.10.33
ARP Table
MAC Address
00-0C-04-32-14-A1
00-0C-14-02-00-19
00-0C-A6-19-46-C1
Host Perlman
172.16.20.12
255.255.255.0
MAC 00-0C-22-A3-14-01
Host Stevens
172.16.10.10
255.255.255.0
MAC 00-0C-04-17-91-CC
Destination
Source
172.16.10.0/24
172.16.20.0/24
Router A
Ethernet 0
172.16.10.1
255.255.255.0
MAC 03-0D-17-8A-F1-32
Trang 40

- ARP Request t host Stevens a ch IP 172.16.10.10
Hey everyone! I have this IP Address, 172.16.10.1, and I need the device
this belongs to, to send me their MAC address.
ARP Request from 172.16.10.10

Ethernet Header
Ethernet
Destinatio
n Address
(MAC)
FF-FFFF-FFFF-FF
Ethernet
Source
Address
(MAC)
00-0C04-1791-CC
Fram
e
Type
0x806
ARP
header
s, i.e.
op field
op = 1
Senders
Ethernet
Address
(MAC)
00-0C04-1791-CC
Senders
IP Address
172.16.10.10
Targets
Ethernet
Address
(MAC)
Targets
IP Address
172.16.10.1
op field ARP request = 1

ARP reply = 2
RARP request = 3
RARP reply = 4
Trang 41


- ARP Reply t Router A a ch IP 172.16.10.1
Hey sender of ARP Request! Here is my MAC address that you
wanted for that IP address.
ARP Reply from 172.16.10.1

Ethernet Header
Ethernet
Destinatio
n Address
(MAC)
00-0C04-1791-CC
Ethernet
Source
Address
(MAC)
03-0D17-8AF1-32
Fram
e
Type
0x806
ARP
header
s, i.e.
op field
op = 2
Senders
Ethernet
Address
(MAC)
03-0D17-8AF1-32
Senders
IP Address
172.16.10.1
Targets
Ethernet
Address
(MAC)
00-0C04-1791-CC
Targets
IP Address
172.16.10.10
Here it is!
Trang 42


- Host Stevens nhn c ARP Reply v a a ch IP, a ch MAC ca
Host Cerf vo bng ARP ca n.
- Host Stevens by gi c tt c cc thng tin cn thit ng gi IP
packet vo Ethernet frame v gi frame ny n Router A.
Ethernet Frame
Ethernet Header
MAC
Destination
Address
MAC
Source Address
03-0D17-8AF1-32
00-0C04-1791-CC
IP Datagram from above
Other
Heade
r
Info
IP
Header
Info
IP Original
Source
Address
IP Final
Destination
Address
172.17.10.10
172.16.10.1
Data
Ethern
et
Trailer
FCS
Trang 43
TNG VAN CHUYEN
Cung cp vic vn chuyn d liu trong sut gia cc

h thng u cui (end systems).
Trang 44
TNG VAN CHUYEN TRONG TCP/IP
Trang 45
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Mt giao thc ph bin tng vn chuyn
c chuNn ho trn RFC 793
Cc c im chnh
Tin cy.
Hng kt ni (Connection oriented).
Hot ng hai chiu ng thi.
Phn mnh thng ip v rp li ch.
Trang 46
a ch ng dung

Khng th dng a ch IP.

Phi lm vic trn tt c
cc h thng my tnh.
Khng th s dng cc ch
s trn h iu hnh:
Process ID
Task number
Job name
Trang 47
a ch ng dung
Ch s port
Mi ng dng c gn
mt ch s nguyn.
M hnh Client-Server.
Server: Lun dng m ch

s port bit (well-known
port)
Client: Ly ch s port cha
dng t h thng.
Trang 48
a ch ng dung
Ch s port v cc dch v
Trang 49
a ch ng dung
Ch s cc port chu&n
Xem tp tin /etc/services trn cc h thng UNIX v

\winnt\system32\drivers\etc\services trn Windows NT
Trang 50
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

nh dng ca TCP Segment
Trang 51
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

c chuNn ho trn RFC 768

Cc c im chnh:
Giao thc khng kt ni (Connectionless protocol)

Phn phi thng ip khng tin cy nhng best effort
C kh nng pht hin li (trng checksum)
Khng iu khin dng (khng window)
Khng iu khin li (khng ACK)
Cung cp a ch ng dng (ch s port)
Trang 52
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

nh dng thng ip UDP
Trang 53
ng dung mang

Cc ng dng dng Client Server.

Cc ng dng FTP, WWW, E-mail.
Trang 54
He thong ten mien (DNS)

Khi nim
nh x tn gi nh thnh a ch IP v ngc li.
Trang 55
He thong ten mien (DNS)

DNS Name Space:
Trang 56
He thong th tn ien t (E-mail)

Khi nim
H thng Email hin nay l h thng email cu ARPANET c xy

dng nm 1982 da trn RFC 821 (Transmission protocol) v RFC
822 (message format).
Cu trc v dch v
User agent
Message transfer agent
SMTP
User
Agent
SMTP
Message
Transfer
Agent
SMTP
Message
Transfer
User
Agent
Agent
SMTP
Trang 57

Chuyn message
Trn Internet, email c chuyn bng cch my ngun thit lp mt

cu ni TCP qua port 25 ca my ch. Chng trnh c chy trn
port ny l SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
N s lng nghe ti port 25 v cho php thit lp cc cu ni t
c cc message v chuyn n cc a ch tng ng.
Nhn message t mail server n mail client
Trn Internet, email c nhn bng cch my ngun thit lp mt cu

ni TCP qua port 110 ca my mail server. Chng trnh c chy
trn port ny l POP3 (Post Office Protocol Ver 3)
N s lng nghe ti port 110 v cho php thit lp cc cu ni t
c cc message v chuyn n cc mail client.
POP2 & IMAP
Trang 58
He thong th tn
ien t (E-mail)
SMTP
Trang 59

Phn phi th
Trang 60

Nhn th bng POP3
Trang 61

POP3 & IMAP
Trang 62
World Wide Web

M hnh
Trang 63
World Wide Web

M hnh
WWW l mt h thng c cu trc truy cp cc vn bn

c t khp ni trn hng ngn ci my tnh trn ton
th gii.
Server :
Web Server : lng nghe ti port TCP 80

Giao thc s dng : HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
Trang 64
World Wide Web

Server Side & Client Side
Trang 65
World Wide Web

Server Side & Client Side
Trang 66
World Wide Web

Cc phng thc ca HTTP
Trang 67
World Wide Web

V d
Trang 68
TONG KET
Khi qut v mng my tnh
M hnh OSI
Khi nim
Cu hnh
Cc thnh phn c bn
Protocol
Layer
OSI Model
B giao thc TCP/IP
IP
TCP, UDP
DNS, SMTP, POP3, HTTP
Trang 69

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Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.

MN: LP TRNH MNG

Ging Vin: Phm Trn V

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Chng 0: Khi qut v mng my tnh, TCP/IP

Chng 5: Lp trnh Web chy server

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

KHI QUT V MNG MY TNH,

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Mng my tnh cp n vic kt ni nhng my

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

V SAO PHI S DNG MNG MY TNH

Chia x thong tin.

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

CC CU HNH MNG MY TNH

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

CC CU HNH MNG MY TNH

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

MNG KHCH CH (Server based)

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

CC THNH PHN C BN CA MNG MY TNH

Thit b phn cng v mi trng truyn

Cc mi trng truyn tn hiu

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

MNG CC B V NG DNG MNG

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

MNG DIN RNG V NG DNG MNG

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

PROTOCOL, LAYER, OSI MODEL

Giao thc (Protocol)

Qui tc cc thnh phn lin lc nhau.

nh dng hay th t ca message trao i.

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

PROTOCOL, LAYER, OSI MODEL

Monitoring sorted mail

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

PROTOCOL, LAYER, OSI MODEL

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

PROTOCOL, LAYER, OSI MODEL

C ch trao i thng tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

PROTOCOL, LAYER, OSI MODEL

nh dng thng tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

B GIAO THC TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

SO SNH GIA OSI V TCP/IP

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

SO SNH GIA OSI V TCP/IP

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

TNG INTERNET TRONG TCP/IP

IP, ARP, RARP, ICMP.

Cc my tnh giao tip vi nhau thng qua a ch IP v tn gi nh.

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

a ch IP c chiu di 4 bytes (32 bits)

xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (x l s thp phn 0-9)