M PONENT

ADVA
N

CO

TION
RA

N
D A TIVIB
CE

Appendix 1 Useful Formulas in Vibration Analysis

www.vibrationmounts.com Phone: 516.328.3662 Fax: 516.328.3365

Natural Frequency
k
1
____
= ____
m
2

kg
1
____
= ____
W
2

g
____
xst

T1 T e c h n i c a l S e c t i o n

1
fn = ____
2

where fn = natural frequency in cycles-per-second (Hz)

k = spring constant (lbs/in, N/m)
m = mass of load (lb mass, kg mass)
g = gravitational constant, 386 in/sec2 or 9.8 m/sec2
W = weight of load, m g (lb or N)
xst = static deflectionof the spring (in or m)
3.13
188
fn ____ cycles/sec = ____ cycles/min if xst is in inch
xst
xst
5
300
____ cycles/sec = ____ cycles/min if xst is in cm
xst
xst
Damped Natural Frequency

fdn = fn

( )
c
___
ccr

= fn

1
2
______
42

where
= 2 (c/ccr) = log (An/An-1) logarithmic decrement

c = damping constant (lb-sec/in or N-sec/m)
ccr = critical damping constant = 2 km
An = nth amplitude of vibration
Natural Frequency of Torsional Vibrations
1
ft = ___
2

kt
___
I

where kt = torsional stiffness (lb-in/rad or N-m/rad)

I

= polar mass moment of inertia (lb-in-sec2 or kg-m2)

(continued)

T1-35

Appendix 1 (continued)
www.vibrationmounts.com Phone: 516.328.3662 Fax: 516.328.3365

M PONENT

ADVA
N

CO

TION
RA

N
D A TIVIB
CE

Transmissibility
2

( )
) ( )

T1 T e c h n i c a l S e c t i o n

mf
F = x = ______
m + mf

f
1 + __ __
 fn
____________________
f2 2 __

f 2
1 ___
+  __
2
fn
fn

F = force transmissibility
x = motion transmissibility
m = mass of load
mf = mass of base (foundation)
For mf = :
F < 1 for f
1.41 fn
For mf = and
o (negligible damping):
1
F = __________
f2
1 ___
fn2

At resonance (f/fn = 1), with some damping:

mf

___
(F)max = (x)max ______
m + mf

T1-36

CO

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ADVA
N

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RA

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Appendix 2 Properties of Rubber and Plastic Materials

www.vibrationmounts.com Phone: 516.328.3662 Fax: 516.328.3365

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIVE STANDARD STRUCTURAL RUBBER COMPOUNDS

R-325-BFK

Shear modules, lb per sq in.

Logarithmic decrement of amplitude *
(referred to base 10)
Successive amplitude ratio *
Percent energy loss due to hysteresis,
per cycle of vibration
Specific heat
Thermal conductivity in B.T.U., per sq ft
per hr for a temp gradient of 1F per in.
thickness
Velocity of sound in rubber rods, ft per sec

R-430-BFK

50

R-530-BFK

70

R-630-BFK

95

R-725-BFK

140

195

.041

.055

.14

.23

.35

.91

.88

.72

.59

.45

17

22

65

47

80

.47

.43

.40

.38

.35

.97

1.04

1.08

1.15

1.26

115

165

345

210

750

* The logarithmic decrement given here represents the negative of the power to which 10 must be raised in order to obtain

the ratio of any two consecutive amplitudes (on the same side of zero deflection) as unexcited vibration dies out. For
instance, if the logarithmic decrement is 0.2, the ratio of one amplitude to the preceding one is
1
1
10-0.2 = _____ = _____ = 0.631 = successive amplitude ratio.
100.2
1.585
(Ordinarily, logarithmic decrement is referred to natural logarithm base e, and if such values are required, they would be
2.30 times the values given here.)
** Table from U.S. Rubber Engineering Guide #850 p. 25

COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF RUBBER AND RELATED MATERIALS

SAE Abbreviation

Butyl
HR

Ethylene
Propylene
EPT

Cost Relative to Natural Rubber

Tensile of Compounded Stocks
Durometer
Elongation
Aging
Heat Aging
Sunlight Aging
Lubricating Oil Resistance
Aromatic Oil Resistance
Animal-Vegetable Oils Resistance
Flame Resistance
Tear Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
Compression Set Resistance
Permeability to Gases
Dielectric Strength
Freedom from Odor
Maximum Temperature (F)
Minimum Temperature (F)

110%
2000 psi
40-75
fair
excellent
excellent
good
poor
poor
excellent
poor
good
good
fair
very low
good
good
250
-50

110%
3000 psi
30-100
good
excellent
excellent
excellent
poor
poor
poor
poor
good
good
fair
good
good
fair
300
-50

Natural
Hypalon
Rubber
CSM
NR
150%
3000 psi
55-95
fair
excellent
good
excellent
good
poor
good
excellent
excellent
excellent
good
good
good
excellent
250
-50

100%
3500 psi
30-90
excellent
good
good
poor
poor
poor
fair
poor
good
excellent
good
fair
excellent
excellent
210
-65

T1-37

Neoprene
(Chloroprene)
CR

Nitrol
(GR-A)
NBR

Styrene
FlouroSilicone Butadiene Urethane Elastomer
(GR-S)
SI
PU
(Viton)
SBR
HK

110%
3000 psi
30-90
excellent
excellent
very good
good
good
fair
excellent
good
good
excellent
fair
low
fair
good
260
-50

125%
2500 psi
40-95
good
excellent
excellent
poor
excellent
good
good
poor
fair
good
good
fair
poor
fair
260
-60

850%
800 psi
45-85
fair
excellent
excellent
good
fair
poor
good
fair
poor
poor
fair
fair
good
fair
600
-150

85%
2500 psi
40-90
good
good
good
poor
poor
poor
fair
poor
fair
good
fair
fair
excellent
fair
215
-60

450%
8000 psi
65-95
good
excellent
excellent
excellent
good
good
fair
poor
excellent
excellent
excellent
good
fair
good
250
-60

2000%
2000 psi
50-90
good
excellent
excellent
excellent
good
good
good
good
fair
fair
good
excellent
good
fair
500
-40

T1 T e c h n i c a l S e c t i o n

Compound Numbers**

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CE

Appendix 3 Hardness Conversion Charts

www.vibrationmounts.com Phone: 516.328.3662 Fax: 516.328.3365
FOR RUBBER AND PLASTICS
DUROMETER PLASTOMETER CONVERSION CHART*

100

TYPES

90

80

70

Durometer Scale

60

50

A
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5

B
85
81
76
71
66
62
56
51
47
42
37
32
27
22
17
12
6

C
77
70
59
52
47
42
37
32
28
24
20
17
14
12
9

D
55
46
39
33
29
25
22
19
16
14
12
10
8
7
8

OO

84
79
75
72
69
65
61
57
53
48
42
35
28
21
14
8

98
97
95
94
93
91
90
88
86
83
80
76
70
62
55
45

A DURO.
40

B DURO.
30

20

10

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Plastometer Scale

Conversions Are Approximate Values Dependent on Grades and Conditions of Materials Involved
*Courtesy of Shore Mfg. Co., New York
Durometer Hardness of Some Rubber Compounds
Hardness (Shore A)

ASTM Designation

Load Rating

30
40
50
60
70

R-325-BFK
R-430-BFK
R-530-BFK
R-630-BFK
R-725-BFK

A
B
C
D

T1-38

T1 T e c h n i c a l S e c t i o n

Durometer
Conversions