Anexo No Mandatorio A - ASME V

ARTICLE 1
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A
IMPERFECTION VS TYPE OF NDE METHOD
A-110
SCOPE
differences from the degree of effectiveness implied in the table.

For service-induced imperfections, accessibility and other conditions at the examination location are also significant factors that
must be considered in selecting a particular NDE method. In addition, Table A-110 must not be considered to be all inclusive;
there are several NDE methods/techniques and imperfections
not listed in the table. The user must consider all applicable conditions when selecting NDE methods for a specific application.
Table A-110 lists common imperfections and the NDE

methods that are generally capable of detecting them.
CAUTION: Table A-110 should be regarded for general guidance
only and not as a basis for requiring or prohibiting a particular
type of NDE method for a specific application. For example, material and product form are factors that could result in
Table A-110
Imperfection vs Type of NDE Method
Surface [Note (1)]
Sub surf. [Note

(2)]
Volumetric [Note (3)]
VT
PT
MT
ET
RT
UTA
UTS
AE
UTT
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Service Induced Imperfections

Abrasive Wear (Localized)
Baffle Wear (Heat Exchangers)
Corrosion Assisted Fatigue Cracks
Corrosion
Crevice
General / Uniform
Pitting
Selective
Creep (Primary)[Note (4)]
Erosion
Fatigue Cracks
Fretting (Heat Exchanger Tubing)
Hot Cracking
Hydrogen Induced Cracking
Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracks
Stress Corrosion Cracks (Transgranular)
Welding Imperfections
Burn Through
Cracks
Excessive/Inadequate Reinforcement
Inclusions (Slag/Tungsten)
Incomplete Fusion
Incomplete Penetration
Misalignment
Overlap
Porosity
Root Concavity
Undercut
Product Form Imperfections
Bursts (Forgings)
Cold Shuts (Castings)
Cracks (All Product Forms)
Hot Tear (Castings)
Inclusions (All Product Forms)
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No further reproduction or distribution is permitted.
2013 SECTION V
2013 SECTION V
Table A-110
Imperfection vs Type of NDE Method (Cont'd)
Surface [Note (1)]
Lamination (Plate, Pipe)
Laps (Forgings)
Porosity (Castings)
Seams (Bar, Pipe)
Sub surf. [Note

(2)]
Volumetric [Note (3)]
VT
PT
MT
ET
RT
UTA
UTS
AE
UTT
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Legend:
AE
Acoustic Emission
ET
Electromagnetic
(Eddy Current)
MT
Magnetic Particle
PT
RT
Liquid Penetrant
Radiography
UTA
Ultrasonic Angle
Beam
UTS
Ultrasonic Straight
Beam
UTT
Ultrasonic
Thickness Measurements
VT
Visual
All or most standard techniques will detect this

imperfection under all or most conditions.
One or more standard technique(s) will detect this

imperfection under certain conditions.
Special techniques, conditions, and/or personnel

qualifications are required to detect this imperfection.
GENERAL NOTE: Table A 110 lists imperfections and NDE methods that are capable of detecting them. It must be kept in mind that this
table is very general in nature. Many factors influence the detectability of imperfections. This table assumes that only qualified personnel
are performing nondestructive examinations and good conditions exist to permit examination (good access, surface conditions, cleanli
ness, etc.).
NOTES:
(1) Methods capable of detecting imperfections that are open to the surface only.
(2) Methods capable of detecting imperfections that are either open to the surface or slightly subsurface.
(3) Methods capable of detecting imperfections that may be located anywhere within the examined volume.
(4) Various NDE methods are capable of detecting tertiary (3rd stage) creep and some, particularly using special techniques, are capable
of detecting secondary (2nd stage) creep. There are various descriptions/definitions for the stages of creep and a particular descrip
tion/definition will not be applicable to all materials and product forms.
No further reproduction or distribution is permitted.
ARTICLE 1

Anexo No Mandatorio A - ASME V

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ARTICLE 1

differences from the degree of effectiveness implied in the table.

Table A-110 lists common imperfections and the NDE

Sub surf. [Note

Volumetric [Note (3)]

Service Induced Imperfections

No further reproduction or distribution is permitted.

Sub surf. [Note

Volumetric [Note (3)]

All or most standard techniques will detect this

One or more standard technique(s) will detect this

Special techniques, conditions, and/or personnel

No further reproduction or distribution is permitted.

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