Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Datasheet AD8237
Datasheet AD8237
Datasheet AD8237
APPLICATIONS
Bridge amplification
Pressure measurement
Medical instrumentation
Thermocouple interface
Portable systems
Current measurement
PIN CONFIGURATION
AD8237
8
VOUT
+IN 2
FB
IN 3
REF
+VS
BW 1
VS 4
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
10289-001
Data Sheet
Figure 1.
Zero
Drift
AD8237
AD8231
AD8293
AD8553
AD8556
AD8557
Military
Grade
AD620
AD621
AD524
AD526
AD624
Micropower
AD8237
AD8420
AD8235/AD8236
AD627
Digital
Gain
AD8250
AD8251
AD8253
AD8231
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
AD8237
5
TRADITIONAL IN-AMP
(RAIL-TO-RAIL OUT)
G = 100
VS = 5V
VREF = 2.5V
3
2
1
0
1
0
10289-002
Rev. 0
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
AD8237
Data Sheet
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Features .............................................................................................. 1
Applications ....................................................................................... 1
Specifications..................................................................................... 3
Layout .......................................................................................... 23
Architecture ................................................................................. 20
REVISION HISTORY
8/12Revision 0: Initial Version
Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 28
Data Sheet
AD8237
SPECIFICATIONS
+VS = +5 V, VS = 0 V, VREF = 2.5 V, VCM = 2.5 V, TA = 25C, G = 1 to 1000, RL = 10 k to ground, specifications referred to input, unless
otherwise noted.
Table 2.
Parameter
COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIO (CMRR)
CMRR at DC
G = 1, G = 10
G = 100, G = 1000
Over Temperature (G = 1)
CMRR at 1 kHz
NOISE
Voltage Noise
Spectral Density
Peak to Peak
Current Noise
Spectral Density
Peak to Peak
VOLTAGE OFFSET
Offset
Average Temperature Coefficient
Offset RTI vs. Supply (PSR)
INPUTS 1
Input Bias Current
Over Temperature
Average Temperature Coefficient
Input Offset Current
Over Temperature
Average Temperature Coefficient
Input Impedance
Differential
Common Mode
Differential Input Operating Voltage
Input Operating Voltage (+IN, IN, or REF)
DYNAMIC RESPONSE
Small Signal Bandwidth
Low Bandwidth Mode
G=1
G = 10
G = 100
G = 1000
High Bandwidth Mode
G = 10
G = 100
G = 1000
Test Conditions/Comments
VCM = 0.1 V to 4.9 V
Min
Typ
106
114
104
120
140
Max
Unit
80
dB
dB
dB
dB
f = 1 kHz
f = 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz
68
1.5
nV/Hz
V p-p
f = 1 kHz
f = 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz
70
3
fA/Hz
pA p-p
TA = 40C to +125C
30
75
0.3
V
V/C
dB
250
650
1
pA
nA
pA/C
pA
nA
pA/C
TA = 40C to +125C
100
Valid for REF and FB pair, as well as +IN and IN
TA = +25C
TA = 40C to +125C
0.5
250
TA = +25C
TA = 40C to +125C
650
1
0.5
TA = 40C to +125C
TA = +25C
TA = 40C to +125C
100||5
800||10
3.85
VS 0.3
VS 0.2
+VS + 0.3
+VS + 0.2
M||pF
M||pF
V
V
V
3 dB
Pin 1 connected to VS
200
20
2
0.2
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
100
10
1
kHz
kHz
kHz
Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 28
AD8237
Parameter
Settling Time 0.01%
Low Bandwidth Mode
G=1
G = 10
G = 100
G = 1000
High Bandwidth Mode
G = 10
G = 100
G = 1000
Slew Rate
Low Bandwidth Mode
High Bandwidth Mode
EMI Filter Frequency
GAIN 2
Gain Range 3
Gain Error
Gain Error vs. VCM
Gain vs. Temperature
Gain Nonlinearity
G = 1, G = 10
G = 100
G = 1000
OUTPUT
Output Swing
RL = 10 k to Midsupply
RL = 100 k to Midsupply
Short-Circuit Current
POWER SUPPLY
Operating Range
Quiescent Current
Data Sheet
Test Conditions/Comments
4 V output step
Pin 1 connected to VS
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
80
100
440
4
s
s
s
ms
80
100
820
s
s
s
0.05
0.15
6
V/s
V/s
MHz
G = 1 + (R2/R1)
1
1000
0.005
0.5
3
6
10
TA = +25C
TA = 40C to 125C
TA = +25C
TA = 40C to 125C
VS + 0.05
VS + 0.07
VS + 0.02
VS + 0.03
ppm
ppm
ppm
+VS 0.05
+VS 0.07
+VS 0.02
+VS 0.03
V
V
V
V
mA
5.5
130
150
V
A
A
+125
4
1.8
TA = +25C
TA = 40C to +125C
TEMPERATURE RANGE
Specified
115
40
V/V
%
ppm/V
ppm/C
Specifications apply to input voltages between 0 V and 5 V. When measuring voltages beyond the supplies, there is additional offset error, bias currents increase, and
input impedance decreases, especially at higher temperatures.
For G > 1, errors from the external resistors, R1 and R2, must be added to these specifications, including error from the FB pin bias current.
3
The AD8237 has only been characterized for gains of 1 to 1000; however, higher gains are possible.
2
Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 28
Data Sheet
AD8237
+VS = 1.8 V, VS = 0 V, VREF = 0.9 V, VCM = 0.9 V, TA = 25C, G = 1 to 1000, RL = 10 k to ground, specifications referred to input, unless
otherwise noted.
Table 3.
Parameter
COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIO (CMRR)
CMRR at DC
G = 1, G = 10
G = 100, G = 1000
Over Temperature (G = 1)
CMRR at 1 kHz
NOISE
Voltage Noise
Spectral Density
Peak to Peak
Current Noise
Spectral Density
Peak to Peak
VOLTAGE OFFSET
Offset
Average Temperature Coefficient
Offset RTI vs. Supply (PSR)
INPUTS 1
Input Bias Current
Over Temperature
Average Temperature Coefficient
Input Offset Current
Over Temperature
Average Temperature Coefficient
Input Impedance
Differential
Common Mode
Differential Input Operating Voltage
Input Operating Voltage (+IN, IN, REF, or FB)
DYNAMIC RESPONSE
Small Signal Bandwidth
Low Bandwidth Mode
G=1
G = 10
G = 100
G = 1000
High Bandwidth Mode
G = 10
G = 100
G = 1000
Slew Rate
Low Bandwidth Mode
High Bandwidth Mode
EMI Filter Frequency
Test Conditions/Comments
VCM = 0.2 V to 1.6 V
Min
Typ
100
114
94
120
140
Max
Unit
80
dB
dB
dB
dB
68
1.5
nV/Hz
V p-p
f = 1 kHz
f = 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz
70
3
fA/Hz
pA p-p
TA = 40C to +125C
25
75
0.3
V
V/C
dB
250
650
1
pA
nA
pA/C
pA
nA
pA/C
TA = 40C to +125C
100
Valid for REF and FB pair, as well as +IN and IN
TA = +25C
TA = 40C to +125C
0.5
250
TA = +25C
TA = 40C to +125C
650
1
0.5
TA = 40C to +125C
TA = +25C
TA = 40C to +125C
100||5
800||10
0.75
VS 0.3
VS 0.2
+VS + 0.3
+VS + 0.2
M||pF
M||pF
V
V
V
3 dB
Pin 1 connected to VS
200
20
2
0.2
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
100
10
1
kHz
kHz
kHz
0.05
0.15
6
V/s
V/s
MHz
Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 28
AD8237
Parameter
GAIN 2
Gain Range 3
Gain Error
Gain Error vs. VCM
Gain vs. Temperature
Gain Nonlinearity
G = 1, G = 10
G = 100
G = 1000
OUTPUT
Output Swing
RL = 10 k to Midsupply
RL = 100 k to Midsupply
Short-Circuit Current
POWER SUPPLY
Operating Range
Quiescent Current
Data Sheet
Test Conditions/Comments
G = 1 + (R2/R1)
Min
Typ
1
VOUT = 0.2 V to 1.6 V, G = 1 to G = 1000
Max
Unit
1000
0.005
V/V
%
ppm/V
ppm/C
15
TA = 40C to +125C
VOUT = 0.2 V to 1.6 V
0.5
3
6
10
TA = +25C
TA = 40C to 125C
TA = +25C
TA = 40C to 125C
VS + 0.05
VS + 0.07
VS + 0.02
VS + 0.03
ppm
ppm
ppm
+VS 0.05
+VS 0.07
+VS 0.02
+VS 0.03
V
V
V
V
mA
5.5
130
150
V
A
A
+125
4
1.8
TA = +25C
TA = 40C to +125C
TEMPERATURE RANGE
Specified
115
40
Specifications apply to input voltages between 0 V and 1.8 V. When measuring voltages beyond the supplies, there is additional offset error, bias currents increase,
and input impedance decreases, especially at higher temperatures.
For G > 1, errors from the external resistors, R1 and R2, must be added to these specifications, including error from the FB pin bias current.
3
The AD8237 has only been characterized for gains of 1 to 1000; however, higher gains are possible.
2
Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 28
Data Sheet
AD8237
Table 4.
Parameter
Supply Voltage
Output Short-Circuit Current Duration
Maximum Voltage at IN, +IN, FB, or REF1
Minimum Voltage at IN, +IN, FB, or REF1
Storage Temperature Range
Junction Temperature Range
ESD
Human Body Model
Charge Device Model
Machine Model
1
Rating
6V
Indefinite
+VS + 0.5 V
VS 0.5 V
65C to +150C
65C to +150C
ESD CAUTION
8 kV
1.25 kV
0.2 kV
Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 28
JA
145.7
Unit
C/W
AD8237
Data Sheet
+IN 2
IN 3
VS 4
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
VOUT
FB
REF
+VS
10289-003
AD8237
BW 1
Mnemonic
BW
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+IN
IN
VS
+VS
REF
FB
VOUT
Description
For high bandwidth mode, connect this pin to +VS, or for low bandwidth mode, connect this pin to VS. Do not
leave this pin floating.
Positive Input.
Negative Input.
Negative Supply.
Positive Supply.
Reference Input.
Feedback Input.
Output.
Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 28
Data Sheet
AD8237
35
14
30
25
20
15
10
60
40
20
20
40
10289-004
0
60
CMRR (V/V)
10289-007
10
UNITS
UNITS
12
21
18
18
15
12
9
12
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
10289-005
0
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
10289-008
UNITS
UNITS
15
24
35
21
30
18
UNITS
20
15
15
12
9
10
60
40
20
20
40
60
0
100
105
110
115
120
125
Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 28
130
10289-009
10289-006
UNITS
25
AD8237
Data Sheet
4
3
3
2
VS = 1.8V
1
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
1
0
VS = 0.9V
1
2
4
3
10289-010
6
5
G = 100
VREF = 0V
RL = 10k
VS = 5V
G = 100
VREF = 0V
RL = 5k
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
4.5
4.0
40C
+25C
+85C
+105C
+125C
3.5
3.0
VIN (V)
VS = 1.8V
2
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0
1.8
10289-011
3.3
3.8
4.3
4.8
4
3
2.8
VS = 2.5V
2.3
10289-014
0.5
G=1
VREF = 0V
RL = 5k
4
VS
3
2
1
0
VS = 0.9V
1
2
2
1
IB
0
1
IB+
2
+VS
10289-012
4
3
REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE
5
0.5
3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 28
3.0
10289-015
VS = 2.5V
10289-013
VS = 5V
G=1
VREF = 0V
RL = 10k
Data Sheet
AD8237
140
15
VS = 2.5V
VCM = 0V
120
IB
100
80
60
BW LIMIT
40
IB+
20
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0
0.1
10289-016
REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE
15
0
2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5
140
120
100
100
120
80
60
0
0.1
20
100
1k
10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
BW LIMIT
GAIN = 10
GAIN = 100
GAIN = 1000
0
0.1
10
100
1k
10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 17. Positive PSRR vs. Frequency, RTI, Low Bandwidth Mode, VS = 5 V
140
10k
40
GAIN = 1
GAIN = 10
GAIN = 100
GAIN = 1000
10
1k
60
BW LIMIT
100
80
10289-017
20
10
Figure 19. Positive PSRR vs. Frequency, RTI, High Bandwidth Mode
40
FREQUENCY (Hz)
GAIN = 10
GAIN = 100
GAIN = 1000
10289-019
10
10289-020
10
PSRR (dB)
Figure 20. Negative PSRR vs. Frequency, RTI, High Bandwidth Mode
80
70
120
60
GAIN = 1000
50
80
GAIN (dB)
60
40
BW LIMIT
40
30
20
GAIN = 1
GAIN = 10
GAIN = 100
GAIN = 1000
1
GAIN = 1
10
10
100
FREQUENCY (Hz)
1k
10k
10289-018
20
0.1
GAIN = 10
10
20
0
GAIN = 100
Figure 18. Negative PSRR vs. Frequency, RTI, Low Bandwidth Mode, VS = 5 V
Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 28
20
10
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10289-021
100
AD8237
Data Sheet
80
70
4.5
GAIN = 1000
GAIN = 100
30
10
1k
10k
100k
1M
80
GAIN (dB)
GAIN = 100
GAIN = 10
10
2.5
2.0
1.5
10
0.5
100k
1M
GAIN = 1000
GAIN = 100
30
20
GAIN = 10
10
0
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10289-024
10
20
10
1k
10k
100k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
50
40
100
70
G = 10
HIGH BANDWIDTH MODE
0
10
10289-023
10k
+IN
IN
3.0
1.0
FREQUENCY (Hz)
GAIN (dB)
3.5
60
DIFFERENTIAL
INPUT
4.0
1k
100k
4.5
GAIN = 1000
100
10k
5.0
30
20
10
1k
50
20
100
FREQUENCY (Hz)
70
G=1
LOW BANDWIDTH MODE
0
10
10289-022
100
40
1.5
0.5
FREQUENCY (Hz)
60
2.0
1.0
10
20
10
2.5
10289-025
GAIN = 1
+IN
IN
3.0
10289-026
20
GAIN = 10
3.5
VS = 2.5 V
3
VS = 0.9V
0
1
10
100
1k
10k
100k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 28
10289-080
GAIN (dB)
50
40
DIFFERENTIAL
INPUT
4.0
60
5.0
Data Sheet
AD8237
160
140
CMRR (dB)
120
100
GAIN = 1
LOW BANDWIDTH MODE ONLY
BW LIMIT
80
60
GAIN = 1
GAIN = 10
GAIN = 100
GAIN = 1000
0
0.1
0.4V/DIV
10
100
1k
10k
100k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
1s/DIV
10289-027
20
10289-031
40
1k
140
NOISE (nV/Hz)
CMRR (dB)
120
100
GAIN = 1
LOW BANDWIDTH MODE ONLY
BW LIMIT
80
60
100
40
10
100
1k
10k
100k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10
1
10
100
1k
10k
100k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
1k
1.5pA/DIV
10
0.1
10
100
1k
10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
100k
1s/DIV
Rev. 0 | Page 13 of 28
10289-033
100
10289-029
NOISE (nV/Hz)
G
G
G
G
G
10289-032
0
0.1
10289-028
GAIN = 1
GAIN = 10
GAIN = 100
GAIN = 1000
20
AD8237
Data Sheet
0.010
20
VIN = 500mV
G = 100
0.008
15
0.006
NONLINEARITY (ppm)
10
0.004
0.002
0
0.002
0.004
5
0
5
10
0.006
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
20
10289-034
0.010
2.5
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
10
50
G=1
G = 1000
40
30
4
2
0
2
4
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
10
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
50
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
10
G=1
LOW BANDWIDTH MODE
G = 10
8
4
2
0
2
4
1V/DIV
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
400s/DIV
10289-041
10289-038
NONLINEARITY (ppm)
10
10289-040
NONLINEARITY (ppm)
10289-037
NONLINEARITY (ppm)
4.5
10289-039
15
0.008
Rev. 0 | Page 14 of 28
Data Sheet
AD8237
G = 100
LOW BANDWIDTH MODE
400s/DIV
G = 100
HIGH BANDWIDTH MODE
10289-043
1V/DIV
1V/DIV
G = 1000
HIGH BANDWIDTH MODE
G = 1000
LOW BANDWIDTH MODE
1V/DIV
10289-044
2ms/DIV
400s/DIV
1V/DIV
400s/DIV
10289-045
1V/DIV
10289-046
400s/DIV
400s/DIV
10289-047
1V/DIV
G = 10
HIGH BANDWIDTH MODE
10289-042
G = 10
LOW BANDWIDTH MODE
Rev. 0 | Page 15 of 28
AD8237
Data Sheet
G=1
LOW BANDWIDTH MODE
20mV/DIV
2ms/DIV
10289-051
10s/DIV
10289-048
20mV/DIV
G = 1000
LOW BANDWIDTH MODE
G = 10
LOW BANDWIDTH MODE
NO LOAD 100pF
560pF
1nF
20mV/DIV
Figure 50. Small Signal Pulse Response with Various Capacitive Loads,
G = 1, RL = Infinity, Low Bandwidth Mode
G = 10
HIGH BANDWIDTH MODE
200s/DIV
10289-050
G = 100
LOW BANDWIDTH MODE
20mV/DIV
20s/DIV
10289-052
50s/DIV
20mV/DIV
10s/DIV
10289-053
20mV/DIV
10289-049
fCHOP
Rev. 0 | Page 16 of 28
Data Sheet
AD8237
80
G = 100
HIGH BANDWIDTH MODE
NORMALIZED TO 25C
VS = 2.5V
60
100s/DIV
20
0
20
40
60
80
40
25
10
20
35
50
65
80
95
110
125
TEMPERATURE (C)
10289-057
20mV/DIV
10289-054
fCHOP
40
G = 1000
HIGH BANDWIDTH MODE
NORMALIZED TO 25C
GAIN = 1
VS = 2.5V
VOUT = 2V
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
1ms/DIV
40
50
40
25
10
20
35
50
65
80
95
110
125
TEMPERATURE (C)
10289-058
20mV/DIV
10289-055
30
NORMALIZED TO 25C
G = 10
HIGH BANDWIDTH MODE
RL = 100k
0.6
560pF
2nF
0.4
CMRR (V/V)
NO LOAD 100pF
G=1
VS = 2.5V
VCM = 2V
0.8
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
40s/DIV
0.8
1.0
40
25
10
20
35
50
65
80
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 54. Small Signal Pulse Response with Various Capacitive Loads,
G = 10, RL = 100 k, High Bandwidth Mode
Rev. 0 | Page 17 of 28
95
110
125
10289-059
50mV/DIV
10289-056
0.6
AD8237
Data Sheet
+VS
REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE
400
0.2
300
200
IN BIAS CURRENT
100
+IN BIAS CURRENT
0
100
200
10
20
35
50
65
80
95
110
125
+0.4
VS
1k
500
10k
100k
1M
LOAD RESISTANCE ()
Figure 58. Input Bias Current and Input Offset Current vs. Temperature
+VS
REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE
0.1
300
400
OFFSET CURRENT
200
100
REF BIAS CURRENT
0
100
FB BIAS CURRENT
200
300
0.2
0.3
0.4
40C
+25C
+85C
+125C
+0.4
+0.3
+0.2
500
40
25
10
20
35
50
65
80
95
110
125
TEMPERATURE (C)
VS
1k
10k
100k
1M
LOAD RESISTANCE ()
10289-064
+0.1
400
10289-061
Figure 59. REF Input Bias Current, FB Input Bias Current, and Offset Current vs.
Temperature
+VS
+VS
0.4
100
RL = 5k
200
300
40C
+25C
+85C
+125C
+300
+200
+100
0.8
1.2
40C
+25C
+85C
+125C
+1.2
+0.8
VS
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.5
10289-062
+0.4
VS
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Rev. 0 | Page 18 of 28
3.0
10289-065
40C
+25C
+85C
+125C
10289-063
25
TEMPERATURE (C)
0.4
+0.2
500
40
10289-060
500
Data Sheet
AD8237
200
180
VS = 5V
140
120
100
VS = 1.8V
80
60
40
20
0
40
25
10
20
35
50
65
80
95
110
125
TEMPERATURE (C)
10289-066
160
Rev. 0 | Page 19 of 28
AD8237
Data Sheet
THEORY OF OPERATION
INTERNAL
IN-AMP
AD8237
+
VOUT
TIA
I1 I2
+VS
RFI
FILTER
+IN
VS
+VS
ALS
RFI
FILTER
IN
V
VCM = S
2
FB
IN
+
gm1
TO gm1
I2
I1
V
VCM = S
2
gm2
+
FB
VS
+VS
ALS
REF
VS
VS
R1
+
RFI
FILTER
TO gm2
R2
RFI
FILTER
10289-067
+VS
ARCHITECTURE
The AD8237 is based on an indirect current feedback topology
consisting of three amplifiers: two matched transconductance
amplifiers that convert voltage to current, and one transimpedance
amplifier, TIA, that converts current to voltage.
To understand how the AD8237 works, first consider only the
internal in-amp. Assume a positive differential voltage is applied
across the inputs of the transconductance amplifier, gm1. This input
voltage is converted into a differential current, I1, by the gm.
Initially, I2 is zero; therefore, I1 is fed into the TIA, causing the
output to increase. If there is feedback from the output of the TIA
to the negative terminal of gm2, and the positive terminal is held
constant, the increasing output of the TIA causes I2, as shown, to
increase. When it is assumed that the TIA has infinite gain, the
loop is satisfied when I2 equals I1. Because the gain of gm1 and gm2 are
matched, this means that the differential input voltage across gm1
appears across the inputs of gm2. This behavioral model is all that
is needed for proper operation of the AD8237, and the rest of the
circuit is for performance optimization.
The AD8237 employs a novel adaptive level shift (ALS) technique.
This switched capacitor method shifts the common-mode level of
the input signal to the optimal level for the in-amp while preserving
the differential signal. Once this is accomplished, additional
performance benefits can be achieved by using the internal in-amp to
compare +IN to FB and IN to REF. This is only practical because
the signals emitting from the ALS blocks are all referred to the
same common-mode potential.
In traditional instrumentation amplifiers, the input commonmode voltage can limit the available output swing, typically depicted
in a hexagon plot of the input common-mode vs. the output voltage.
Because of this limit, very few instrumentation amplifiers can
measure small signals near either supply rail. Using the indirect
current feedback topology and ALS, the AD8237 achieves a truly
rail-to-rail characteristic. This increases power efficiency in many
applications by allowing for power supply reduction.
The AD8237 includes an RFI filter to remove high frequency outof-band signals without affecting input impedance and CMRR over
frequency. Additionally, there is a bandwidth mode pin to adjust the
compensation. For gains greater than or equal to 10, the bandwidth
mode pin (BW) can be tied to +VS to change the compensation
and increase the gain bandwidth product of the amplifier to 1 MHz.
Otherwise, connect BW to VS for a 200 kHz gain bandwidth
product.
R2
R1
R2 (k)
Short
49.9
80.6
90.9
95.3
97.6
100
200
499
1000
Gain
1.00
2.00
5.03
10.09
20.06
49.8
101
201
500
1001
Rev. 0 | Page 20 of 28
Data Sheet
AD8237
IB+
AD8237
IB
FB
IN
REF
I BF
R1
R2
IBR
R2
R1
CLOCK FEEDTHROUGH
10289-068
G=1+
+
R1||R2
VREF
RIN
VIN
RIN
RS + RIN
AD8237
+IN
VOUT
RIN
FB
VOUT = VIN (1 +
R2
)
R1
R2
10289-069
R1
IF R1||R2 = RS,
REF
IN
For the best performance, keep the two input pairs (+IN and IN,
and FB and REF) at similar dc and ac common-mode potentials. This
has two benefits. For dc common-mode, this minimizes the gain
error of the AD8237. For ac common-mode, this yields improved
frequency response. There is a maximum rate at which the ALS
circuit can shift the common-mode voltage, which is shown in
Figure 27. Because of this limit, the best large signal frequency
response is achieved when the ac common-mode voltage of the two
input pairs are matched. For example, if the negative input is at
a fixed voltage and the positive input is driven with a signal, the
feedback input moves with the positive input; therefore, the ac
common-mode voltage of the two input pairs is the same. The
effect of this is shown in Figure 25 and Figure 26.
GAIN ACCURACY
Unlike most instrumentation amplifiers, the relative match of the
two gain setting resistors determines the gain accuracy of the AD8237
rather than a single external resistor. For example, if two resistors have
exactly the same absolute error, there is no error in gain. Conversely,
two 1% resistors can cause approximately 2% maximum gain error
at high gains. Temperature coefficient mismatch of the gain setting
resistors increases the gain drift of the instrumentation amplifier
circuit according to the gain equation. Because these external resistors
do not have to match any on-chip resistors, resistors with good TCR
tracking can achieve excellent gain drift without the need for a low
absolute TCR.
Rev. 0 | Page 21 of 28
AD8237
Data Sheet
INPUT PROTECTION
+VS
RPROTECT
+
V+IN
AD8237
RPROTECT
+
VIN
VS
+IN
VOUT
AD8237
10289-070
FB
REF
IN
R1
1
2 R (2CD + CC)
1
2 R CC
+VS
0.1F
R
10k
1%
R2
10289-072
R2
VOUT = (VREF + V+IN VIN) (1 +
)
R1
10F
+IN
CC
1nF
5%
VOUT
AD8237
+IN
FB
AD8237
IN
IN
REF
R1
CC
1nF
5%
10F
VS
10289-071
0.1F
RREF
R2 + RREF
G=1+
R1
VREF
R2
10289-073
CD
10nF
R
10k
1%
Rev. 0 | Page 22 of 28
Data Sheet
AD8237
Resistance at the reference pin does affect the gain of the AD8237;
however, if this resistance is constant, the gain setting resistors can be
adjusted to compensate. For example, the AD8237 can be driven
with a voltage divider, as shown in Figure 72.
+IN
FB
REF
VS
R1
R2
R2 + R3||R4
R4
R1
10289-074
R3
G=1+
VOUT
AD8237
IN
Power Supplies
+VS
LAYOUT
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio over Frequency
10F
0.1F
+IN
VOUT
AD8237
FB
REF
R1
0.1F
R2
10F
VS
10289-075
IN
Figure 73. Supply Decoupling, REF, and Output Referred to Local Ground
Reference
The output voltage of the AD8237 is developed with respect to
the potential on the reference terminal. Take care to tie REF to
the appropriate local ground.
Rev. 0 | Page 23 of 28
AD8237
Data Sheet
CORRECT
INCORRECT
+VS
+VS
VOUT
VOUT
AD8237
AD8237
VS
VS
TRANSFORMER
TRANSFORMER
+VS
+VS
VOUT
VOUT
AD8237
AD8237
10M
VS
VS
THERMOCOUPLE
THERMOCOUPLE
+VS
+VS
C
C
VOUT
AD8237
1
R
fHIGH-PASS = 2RC
VOUT
AD8237
VS
VS
CAPACITIVELY COUPLED
CAPACITIVELY COUPLED
Rev. 0 | Page 24 of 28
10289-076
Data Sheet
AD8237
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
BATTERY CURRENT MONITOR
The micropower current consumption, unique topology, and rail-torail input of the AD8237 make it ideal for battery-powered current
sensing applications. When configured as shown in Figure 75, the
AD8237 is able to obtain an accurate high-side current measurement
for both charging and discharging. Depending on the nature of the
load, +VS may require RC decoupling. Use Kelvin sensing methods
to achieve the most accurate results.
RSHUNT
+VS
+IN
VOUT
AD8237
FB
VBAT
LOAD
REF
IN
+IN
VS
AD8237
R2
470pF
IN
VREF
REF
FB
VOUT
2k
G=1
20k
G = 10
200
2k
ADG604
G = 100
200
G = 1000
4:1 MUX
22.1
Rev. 0 | Page 25 of 28
10289-078
R1
10289-077
AD8237
Data Sheet
With this system architecture, large gains can be applied at the in-amp
stage, and the requirements of the rest of the system can be greatly
reduced. This also reduces noise and offset error contributions from
devices after the in-amp in the signal path. The circuit in Figure 77
illustrates the core concept. Additional op amps can be added for
improved performance, such as input buffering, filtering, and driven
lead, if it is required by the system. Proper decoupling is not shown.
PATIENT
PROTECTION
A
INSTRUMENTATION
AMPLIFIER
G = +100
+5V
110k
AD8237
ECG OUT
100k
FB
47nF
22nF
REF
+5V
VMID
3.3F
100k
+5V
+5V
VMID
100k
2M
AD8607
Rev. 0 | Page 26 of 28
AD8607
10289-079
1k
Data Sheet
AD8237
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
3.20
3.00
2.80
3.20
3.00
2.80
5.15
4.90
4.65
PIN 1
0.65 BSC
0.95
0.85
0.75
1.10 MAX
0.15
0.00
0.38
0.22
COPLANARITY
0.10
0.23
0.08
8
0
0.80
0.60
0.40
SEATING
PLANE
ORDERING GUIDE
Model 1
AD8237ARMZ
AD8237ARMZ-R7
AD8237ARMZ-RL
1
Temperature Range
40C to +125C
40C to +125C
40C to +125C
Package Description
8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package [MSOP], Tube
8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package [MSOP], 7-Inch Tape and Reel
8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package [MSOP], 13-Inch Tape and Reel
Rev. 0 | Page 27 of 28
Package
RM-8
RM-8
RM-8
Branding
Y4H
Y4H
Y4H
AD8237
Data Sheet
NOTES
Rev. 0 | Page 28 of 28