FSOT Review Questions

1) Was it good or bad for the early movie industry that its movies were silent?
Good. Many early moviegoers were non english speakers.
2) Name the capital and bordering countries of Burma.
Rangoon. India, China, Laos, Thailand, Bay of Bengal (Indian Ocean)
3) Who determines the GAAPs for state and local governement?
The Governmental Accounting Standards Board, since 1984. It is a private, nongovernmental, organization. The mission of the Governmental Accounting Standards
Board is to establish and improve standards of state and local governmental
accounting and financial reporting that will result in useful information for users of
financial reports and guide and educate the public, including issuers, auditors, and
users of those financial reports.
4) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Suriname.
Paramaribo. French Guiana, Brazil, Guyana, North Atlantic Ocean.
5) Who was Morrison Waite?
1816-1888 Supreme court chief justice nominated by Ulysses S. Grant in 1874. In
the Civil Rights Cases (1883), the Court under Chief Justice Morrison Waite held that
Congress could not prohibit racial discrimination by private individuals (as opposed
to governments) on the grounds of the Fourteenth Amendment.
6) What was The Berlin Conference?
188485 regulated European colonisation and trade in Africa. Its outcome, the
General Act of the Berlin Conference, is often seen as the formalisation of the
Scramble for Africa.
7) What was the Pearson Commission on International Development?
The Pearson Commission on International Development investigated the
effectiveness of the World Bank's development assistance in the 20 years to 1968
and made recommendations for future operation of the organization.
In August 1968 Robert S. McNamara, then President of the World Bank, formed the
commission, asking former Canadian Prime Minister and Nobel Peace Prize winner
Lester Bowles Pearson to head the commission. On September 15, 1969 Pearson
and seven colleagues on the Commission on International Development delivered
their report, Partners in Development.
8) Count Camillo Benso di Cavour (Turin, August 10, 1810 - Santena, near Turin, June
6, 1861) was a statesman who was a leading figure in the movement toward Italian

unification and the first Prime Minister of the new Kingdom of Italy.
With the election of the liberal Pope Pius IX to the papacy in 1846, Cavour felt that
the chance for him to advocate reform had come. In 1847 he founded Il
Risorgimento ("The Resurgence," later to become a general term for the unification
of Italy), a newspaper espousing liberalism, constitutionalism, and unification. As
editor, he soon became a powerful figure in Sardinian politics.
9) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Senegal.
Dakar. The Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Atlantic Ocean. Former
French Colony liberated 1960.
10) What are open, closed, and restricted rules in the House?
Bills favorably reported by committee are placed on the House or Senate calendar,
which, in spite of its name, is simply a listing without chronological order. Many bills
die on the calendar because they are never considered on the floor. In the House,
the Rules Committee acts as a "traffic cop." Its rules are instructions which
determine if and when a bill will be considered on the floor, and how. A closed rule
forbids amendments and speeds consideration. A restricted rule allows only certain
amendments to be considered. An open rule, of course, permits unlimited
amendments.
11) How long did reconstruction last?
1865 to 1877 the states of the Confederacy were controlled by the federal
government before being readmitted to the Union. First were occupied by Union
armies, then readmitted to the union after elections which saw many former slaves
vote, and blacks even win positions of power.
12) What top-level domain is assigned to government organizations in the US?
.gov
13) What is a wildcat strike?
A strike without union authorization.
14) Who supported Caesar?
He was greatly supported by the lower classes, but fought constantly with the
Senate.
15) What options do corporations have for raising capital?
Generally speaking, companies have three choices when they want to raise cash.
They can issue shares of stock, they can borrow from the bank, or they can borrow
from investors by issuing bonds.

16) What is a specific tariff?

A Tariff of a certain amount of money per weight unit of good.
17) What was the Japanese Instrument of Surrender?
The Instrument of Surrender of Japan was the armistice ending World War II. It was
signed by representatives of Japan, US, China, UK, USSR, Australia, Canada, France,
Netherlands, and New Zealand on the deck of the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay on
September 2, 1945, and which thereby ended the Pacific War and with it World War
II.
18) Who is most affected by per unit taxes?
The cost of per unit taxes is split between the buyer and the seller.
19) Who was Charlemagne?
Also known as Charles the Great, he was king of the Franks from 768 to 814 and
king of the Lombards from 774 to 814. He was crowned Imperator Augustus in Rome
on Christmas Day, 800 by Pope Leo III and is therefore regarded as the founder of
the Holy Roman Empire, a reincarnation of the ancient Western Roman Empire.
Through military conquest and defence, he solidified and expanded his realm to
cover most of Western Europe and is today regarded as the founding father of both
France and Germany and sometimes as the Father of Europe. His was the first truly
imperial power in the West since the fall of Rome.
20) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Lesotho.
Maseru. South Africa.
21) What was the Great Compromise of 1787?
Created a bicameral legislature in the Constitution; it established that
representation in one house was to be proportional to population in one house and
equal among states in the other.
22) What killed more people: the black plague or colonization of america?
Colonization of America.
23) What is ANZUS?
The Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty (ANZUS or ANZUS Treaty)
is the military alliance which binds Australia and the United States, and separately
Australia and New Zealand to cooperate on defense matters in the Pacific Ocean
area, though today the treaty is understood to relate to attacks in any area. The
treaty came about following the close cooperation of the United States, Australia
and New Zealand during World War II, during which time Australia had come

perilously close to invasion by Japan. Following the end of World War II, the United
States was eager to normalize relations with Japan, particularly as the Korean War
was still raging a short distance from Japan. With the involvement of China and
possibly the Soviet Union in Korea, the Cold War was threatening to become a fullscale war. However, Australia and New Zealand in particular were extremely
reluctant to finalize a peace treaty with Japan which would allow for Japanese
rearmament. Both countries relented only when an Australian and New Zealand
proposal for a three-way security treaty was accepted by the United States.
The resulting treaty was concluded at San Francisco on 1 September 1951, and
entered into force on 29 April 1952.
24) What is Radio Free Europe?
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a radio and communications
organization which is funded by the United States Congress. The organization exists
in Europe and the Middle East. It broadcasts more than 1,000 hours per week, in 28
languages, via shortwave, AM, FM and the internet. RFE/RL's mission statement is:
"To promote democratic values and institutions by disseminating factual information
and ideas." The National Committee for a Free Europe was founded in June 1949 in
New York. RFE was the broadcasting arm of this organization. The headquarters was
established in Munich and it transmitted its first short-wave program on July 4,
1950, to Czechoslovakia.
The organization received its funds from the Congress of the United States and until
1971 they were passed to RFE through the CIA. The broadcasts were part of a
general CIA psychological warfare campaign directed behind the Iron Curtain.
25) What is the Fundamental attribution error?
The fundamental attribution error (sometimes referred to as the actor-observer bias,
correspondence bias or overattribution effect) is the tendency for people to overemphasize dispositional, or personality-based, explanations for behaviors observed
in others while under-emphasizing the role and power of situational influences on
the same behavior. In other words, people tend to have a default assumption that
what a person does is based more on what "kind" of person he is, rather than the
social and environmental forces at work on that person. This default assumption
leads to people sometimes making erroneous explanations for behavior. This
general bias to over-emphasizing dispositional explanations for behavior at the
expense of situational explanations is much less likely to occur when people
evaluate their own behavior.
26) What was the Federal Reserve Act?
A 1913 act of Congress that created the Federal Reserve System, the central bank
of the United States of America.
According to the United States Constitution, only the U.S. Congress has the power
and responsibility to coin money and set its value. In the 1913 Federal Reserve Act

however, Congress delegated this power to the Federal Reserve. All banks chartered
under the National Banking Act of 1863 were made members of the Federal Reserve
System, while others could join. A Board of Governors appointed by the President of
the United States supervised the system.
27) What was the French and Indian War?
The war that raged in North America through the late 1750's and early 1760's was
but one part of the larger struggle between England and France for dominance in
world trade and naval power. The British victory in that struggle, known in Europe as
the Seven Years' War , ended the long struggle among the three principal powers in
northeastern North America: The English, the French, and the Iroquois Confederacy,
it confirmed England's commercial supremacy and cemented its control of the
settled regions of North America.
28) What was the Homestead Act?
The Homestead Act of 1862 is a piece of U.S. legislation which gave one quarter of a
section of a township (160 acres, or about 65 hectares) of undeveloped land in the
American West to any family head or person that was at least 21 years of age,
provided he lived on it for five years and built a house of a minimum of 12 by 14
feet, or allowed the family head to buy it for $1.25 per acre ($308/km) after six
months.
The act was signed into law by President Lincoln on May 20, 1862. By the end of the
19th century, over 570 million acres (2,300,000 km) remained open to settlement,
but very little of this was usable for agriculture. As the Frontier moved west onto the
arid Great Plains, the amount of land a homesteader was allowed to claim was
changed to 640 acres (2.6 km), a full section.
In 1906, the Forest Homestead Act was passed. The Homestead Act of 1912
reduced the homestead requirement from five to three years.
Although a few isolated pockets remained into the 1950s, most of the desirable land
in the lower 48 states had been taken up by 1910 or so. Homesteading in the Lower
48 states was totally abolished by Congress in 1976, and in Alaska in 1986. The act
was later copied with some modifications by Canada in the form of the Dominion
Lands Act, and similar acts, usually termed the Selection Acts were passed in the
various Australian colonies in the 1860s, beginning in 1861 in New South Wales.
29) In the US, who needs to approve treaties, and with what percentage?
The senate, by a 2/3rds vote.
30) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Papua New Guinea.
Port Moresby. Indonesia, Coral Sea (Pacific Ocean). Near Australia.
31) How does Osama bin Laden translate?

Osama, son of Laden.

32) Name the capital and bordering countries of The Bahamas.
Nassau. In North Atlantic ocean near US (Florida) and Cuba.
33) What was the Pinckney Treaty?
Also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid, was signed in San
Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship
between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the U.S. with
the Spanish colonies and guaranteed U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi River.
34) What were the Hague Conventions?
1899 and 1907 conventions were, along with the Geneva Conventions, among the
first formal statements of the laws of war and war crimes in the nascent body of
international law.
35) Who is on the $2 bill?
Thomas Jefferson.
36) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Mozambique.
Maputo. Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, South Africa, Indian
Ocean, Lake Nyasa. Contains Zambezi River.
37) Name the capital and bordering countries of Australia.
Canberra. Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, Near East Timor, Papa New
Guinea, Indonesia.
38) What is the Balance of Payments (BOP)?
A measure of how much money is going into or out of a country. If it is coming in, it
is a positive balance. The BOP consists of the current, capital, and reserve accounts.
39) Name the capital and neighboring countries of Thailand.
Bangkok. Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Gulf of Thailand (South China Sea),
Strait of Malacca, contains Mekong River.
40) What was Bleeding Kansas?
Sometimes referred to as Bloody Kansas or the Border War, was a sequence of
violent events involving abolitionists (anti-slavery) and pro-slavery elements that
took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory and the western frontier towns of the U.S.
state of Missouri between roughly 1854 and 1856. It led up to the civil war.

41) What was the Haymarket riot?

1886, in Chicago, Illinois is the origin of international May Day observances and in
popular literature inspired the caricature of "a bomb-throwing anarchist." A rally was
held in support of an 8 hour work day, a bomb was thrown at police, and police shot
into the crowd. 11 were killed in total.
42) Is the North Ireland conflict a religious or political one at heart?
Political.
43) What is the 6th Ammendment of the US Constitution?
Trial by jury, speedy trial, and other rights of the accused.
44) What came first, Alexander the Great, The Roman Empire, The Greek Empire,
Plato?
The Greek Empire, then Plato, then Alexander, Then The Romans.
45) What political party did Alexander Hamilton start?
The Federalist party in 1792, which advocated strong national government. It was
opposed by Thomas Jefferson & James Madison's Republican party.
46) Name the capital and bordering countries of Burundi.
Bujumbura. Rwanda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania.
47) Who did Libya side with during the cold war?
The US
48) What was the Boston Massacre?
March 5, 1770, a brawl between American colonists and British soldiers where the
colonists hit the British soldiers with snowballs and the British soldiers shot into the
crowd killing 5 of the colonists
49) What was the 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing?
The April 5, 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing was a terrorist attack on the West
Berlin La Belle discotheque that was frequented by U.S. soldiers. A bomb placed
under a table near the DJ booth exploded at the club, killing a Turkish woman and
two U.S. servicemen and injuring 230 people, including more than 50 American
servicemen. Libya was blamed for the bombing after telex messages had been
intercepted from Libya's East Berlin embassy, and the then-U.S. President Ronald
Reagan retaliated by ordering airstrikes against the Libyan capital of Tripoli and city
of Benghazisee Operation El Dorado Canyon. At least 15 people died in the U.S.

airstrikes on Libya including a 15-month-old girl said to have been adopted by

leader Colonel Gaddafi and more than 100 were injured.
50) What was the European Defence Community?
The European Defence Community (EDC) was a plan proposed by Ren Pleven, the
French foreign minister at the time, in response to the American call for the
rearmament of West Germany. Its intention was to form a pan-European defence
force as an alternative to Germany's proposed accession to NATO, meant to harness
its military potential in case of conflict with the Soviet bloc. The plan included the
countries of France, Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries (Belgium, the
Netherlands and Luxemburg). A treaty was signed in May 1952, but the plan never
went into effect.
Because of the failure to obtain a majority in the French Parliament, due to Gaullist
fears that it threatened France's national sovereignty, constitutional concerns about
the indivisibility of the French Republic, and fears about Germany's remilitarization,
the EDC was never ratified and the initiative collapsed on the 30 of August, 1954.
51) Who was Harlan Stone?
Supreme court chief justice nominated in 1941 by Franklin D. Roosevelt. Liberal
justice who supported new deal programs.
52) What takes presedence, US domestic law or international law?
The US considers its domestic law to hold sway over international law. European
nations tend to hold international law in a higer regard.
53) When did the Nuremburg Trials take place?
1945-1946. They were the first international war crimes trials.
54) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Pakistan.
Islamabad. Afghanistan, India, China, Iran, Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean), Contains
Indus River.
55) When were the Lincoln - Douglas Debates?
These debates were held between Stephen A. Douglas and Abraham
Lincoln held during the 1858 campaign for a U.S. Senate seat from Illinois. Lincoln
opposed extending slavery to new western states.
56) What is "fast track" authority in the context of trade agreements?
In various acts, Congress delegated the authority to negotiate trade agreements
(treaties) to the president. The Senate then can vote the agreement up or down.
Not really provided for by the constitution, but is in practice. Other countries like

dealing with only the president, rather than the entire US senate. See Article II
Section 2, Clause 2.
57) What is "Scuttling" a ship?
Intentionally sinking it.
58) What was the Truman Doctrine?
(1947) Cold-War policy, established by President Harry S. Truman, pledging United
States support for free peoples resisting communism.
59) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Puerto Rico.
San Juan. Atlantic Ocean. Spanish colony ceded to US after spanish-american war.
60) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Norway.
Oslo. Sweden, Finland, Russia,
61) What does Article 3 of the US Constitution Cover?
Judicial Power
62) What is APEC?
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a group of Pacific Rim countries who
meet with the purpose of improving economic and political ties. It holds annual
meetings in each of the member countries and has standing committees on a wide
range of issues, from communications to fisheries.
Currently, most countries with a coastline on the Pacific Ocean are members of the
organization, with the exception of Colombia and Ecuador in South America, the six
Central American countries of Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa
Rica and Panama, Cambodia and North Korea in Asia and the Pacific Islands, such as
Fiji, Tonga and Samoa. Guam has also been actively requesting a separate
membership, citing the example of Hong Kong and Taiwan, but the request is
objected by USA, which currently represents Guam.
The heads of government of all APEC members meet annually in a summit.
63) What is the Inter-American Court of Human Rights?
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights is an autonomous judicial institution
based in the city of San Jos, Costa Rica. Together with the Inter-American
Commission on Human Rights, it makes up the human rights protection system of
the Organization of American States (OAS), which serves to uphold and promote
basic rights and freedoms in the Americas.
64) What is a "union shop"?

A workplace where an employee must pay dues or their equivalent to the union, but
may not be fired if he or she fails to maintain membership in good standing in the
union for any reason other than failure to pay such dues.
65) What was Tammany Hall?
The democratic political machine controlling New York City politics from 1854 to
1934.
66) What was the Know-Nothing party?
The Know-Nothing movement was a nativist American political movement of the
1850s. It grew up as a popular reaction to fears that corruption was overcoming the
major cities because of the political activity of Irish Catholic immigrants. It was a
short-lived movement mainly active 1854-56; it demanded reform measures but few
were passed. There were few prominent leaders, and the membership, mostly
middle class and Protestant, apparently was soon absorbed by the Republican Party.
In the South the party was not nativist, and allowed Catholics to join; and it was the
major opposition to the dominant Democratic Party in the mid and late 1850s.
The official name of the movement was the American Party. The origin of the "Know
Nothing" term was in the semi-secret organization of the party. When a member
was asked about its activities, he was supposed to reply "I know nothing."
Many active Protestants feared that the Pope planned to undermine American
democracy by creating a political network, controlled by him through his bishops
and priests. Some Protestants argued that the strong allegiance of Roman Catholics
to the Pope and priests ran counter to the values of independent voters that was
required by republicanism
67) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Niger.
Niamey. Nigeria, Algeria, Libya, Chad, Burkina Faso, Benin, Mali, Contains Niger
River And part of sahara desert.
68) Was diplomacy after WWI more or less open / democratic?
More.
69) Are the majority of muslims sunni or shiite?
About 90% are sunni. Shiites live mainly in Iran and Iraq.
70) Name the Capital and neighboring countries of Costa Rica.
San Jose. Nicaragua, Panama, Caribbean Sea, Pacific Ocean.
71) What is a graduated income tax?

An income tax that takes proportionately more from higher wage

earners.
72) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Lebanon.
Beirut. Mediterranean Sea, Syria, Israel.
73) Who is Desmond Tutu?
74) A South African cleric and activist who rose to worldwide fame during the 1980s
as an opponent of apartheid. Tutu was the first black South African Anglican
Archbishop of Cape Town, South Africa. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in
1984.
75) What country did Buddhism originate in? What are it's beliefs?
India by Buddha. Meditation, individual enlightenment.
76) What is Anglicisation?
Anglicisation or Anglicization (see -ise vs -ize) is a process of making something
British and/or English. For example, people may be Anglicised: an immigrant to
England may be said to become Anglicised as he or she acclimates to the culture.
However, Anglicisation is most commonly discussed in the more abstract context of
language: language is said to become Anglicised as it becomes more like the
English language.
77) What did the Roman empire contribute to the world?
Roads, bridges, aqueducts, and a codified legal system. It lasted 800 years.
78) What is the 23rd Ammendment of the US Constitution?
(1961): Grants presidential electors to the District of Columbia.
79) Name the capital and neighboring countries of Tajikistan.
Dushanbe. Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, China, Afghanistan.
80) What is the 21st Ammendment of the US Constitution?
(1933): Repeals Eighteenth Amendment but permits states to retain prohibition and
ban the importation of alcohol.
81) When was OSHA created?
The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) was
created by Congress under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, signed by
President Richard M. Nixon,on December 29, 1970. Its mission is to prevent work-

related injuries, illnesses, and deaths by issuing and enforcing rules (called
standards) for workplace safety and health. This same act also created the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as a research agency whose
purpose is to determine the major types of hazards in the workplace and ways of
controlling them. OSHA's statutory authority extends to most nongovernmental
workplaces where there are employees. State and local government workers are
excluded from Federal coverage, however, states operating their own state
workplace safety and health programs under plans approved by the U.S.
Department of Labor cover most private sector workers and are also required to
extend their coverage to public sector (state and local government) workers in the
state.
82) Name the Capital and neighboring countries of Italy.
Rome. Monaco, France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, Mediterranean Sea. Contains
Po river.
83) Why is broadcasting a useful feature in e-mail systems?
It allows you to simultaneously send the same message to multiple recipients.
84) What is the Capital and neighboring countries of Iran.
Tehran. Pakistan, Iraq, Persian Gulf,(Indian Ocean), Caspian Sea, Afghanistan,
Turkistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia.
85) What is the 24th Ammendment of the US Constitution?
(1964): Prohibits the federal government and the states from requiring the payment
of a tax as a qualification for voting for federal officials. (poll taxes)
86) When did the 100 years war take place?
Towards the end of the middle ages between France and England.
87) What is the War Powers Resolution?
1973. It requires the president to consult with congress before sending troops into
battle and requires them to withdraw after 60-90 days if congress does not approve.
No president has accepted the constitutionality of this act.
88) What was the Indian Removal Act?
(1830): A law passed by Congress in order to facilitate the relocation of American
Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi River to lands further west. It authorized
President Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living
within the boundaries of existing U.S. states. Resulted in the forcable movement of

tens of thousands of native americans. The most well known was the Trail of Tears
(1838), when 4,000 cherokees were killed during their forced relocation.
89) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Luxembourg.
Luxembourg. Belgium, Germany, France.
90) Approx. how many people live in South America?
330 Million.
91) What countries have access to the Black Sea?
Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia, Russia, Ukraine
92) What protects workers from employment discrimination?
Both state and federal laws.
93) What field and period did Hippocrates work in?
Medicine in the 5th century BC greek empire.
94) What top-level domain is assigned to non-profit organizations?
.org
95) Who was Agnes de Mille?
(September 18, 1905 October 7, 1993) was an American dancer and
choreographer. She was white. In 1939 she was invited to join the American Ballet
Theatre. There she created Black Ritual, the first ballet to use an all-black cast.
After that, she worked as choreographer on many major musicals and a number of
films, including:
Rodeo (1942)
Oklahoma! (1943)
Carousel (1945)
Brigadoon (1947)
Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1949)
Paint Your Wagon (1951)
Juno (1959)
96) What region of the world receives the most immigrant visas to the US?
Latin America, then Asia, then Europe.
97) What was the Berlin Airlift?

Airlift by U.S. in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of West Berlin when the
Russians closed off land access to Berlin.
98) What was the Panic of 1873?
The Panic of 1873 was a serious downturn in the economy of the United States that
touched off on September 18, 1873, when the Philadelphia banking firm Jay Cooke
and Company closed its doors and declared bankruptcy. It was one of a series of
economic crises in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The railroad industry, at the
time the nation's largest employer outside of agriculture, involved large amounts of
money and risk. A large infusion of cash from speculators caused abnormal growth
in the industry. Cooke's firm, like many others, was invested heavily in the railroads.
The New York Stock Exchange closed for 10 days. Of the country's 364 railroads, 89
went bankrupt. A total of 18,000 businesses failed between 1873 and 1875.
Unemployment reached 14 percent by 1876. The tension between workers and the
leaders of banking and manufacturing lingered on well after the depression itself
lifted in the spring of 1879, the end of the crisis coinciding with the beginning of the
great wave of immigration into the United States which would last until the early
1920s.
99) What is the 3rd Ammendment of the US Constitution?
Protection from quartering of troops.
100) What were the opium wars over?
In the nineteenth century, Britain bought lots of tea from China through the east
india trading company. The chinese did not want any British products, leading to a
major trade deficit for Britain. TO counter this, Britain began smuggling opium into
china, creating millions of addicts. The Chinese government tried to throw out the
British as a result, but the British won. This lead to european powers setting up
ports in China, and greatly expanding trade. This eventually led to the Boxer
rebellion of 1900, which the western powers won once again.
101) What is Jingoism?
Jingoism is a term describing chauvinistic patriotism, usually with a hawkish political
stance. In plain language, it means bullying other countries or using whatever
means necessary to safeguard a country's national interests.
102) Who won the Scopes Monkey Trial?
In 1925, the creationist side won.
103) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Moldova.
Chisinau. Romania, Ukraine.

104) Name the cabinets of the executive branch.

Secretary of State
Secretary of the Treasury
Secretary of Defense
Attorney General
Secretary of the Interior
Secretary of Agriculture
Secretary of Commerce
Secretary of Labor
Secretary of Health and Human Services
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Secretary of Transportation
Secretary of Energy
Secretary of Education
Secretary of Veterans Affairs
Secretary of Homeland Security
105) Who was Margaret Fuller?
(May 23, 1810 - June 19, 1850) was a journalist, critic and women's rights activist.
Fuller became friends with Ralph Waldo Emerson and was subsequently associated
with transcendentalism. She edited the transcendentalist journal, The Dial for the
first two years of its existence from 1840 to 1842. When she joined Horace
Greeley's New York Tribune as literary critic in 1844, she became the first female
journalist to work on the staff of a major newspaper.
In the mid-1840s she organized discussion groups of women in which a variety of
subjects, such as art, education and women's rights, were debated.
106) What is the accelerator effect in economics?
The accelerator effect in economics refers to a positive effect on private fixed
investment of the growth of the market economy (measured e.g. by Gross Domestic
Product). Rising GDP (an economic boom or prosperity) implies that businesses in
general see rising profits, increased sales and cash flow, and greater use of existing
capacity. This usually implies that profit expectations and business confidence rise,
encouraging businesses to build more factories and other buildings and to install
more machinery. (This expenditure is called fixed investment.) This may lead to
further growth of the economy through the stimulation of consumer incomes and
purchases, i.e., via the multiplier effect.
107) What is the world's largest desert?
Antartica. The largest hot desert is the Sahara in North Africa, which is the size of
the U.S.

108) What is Radio Free Asia?

Radio Free Asia was created by the International Broadcasting Act of 1994 and
began its operations in 1996. It is a private, non-profit corporation funded by
Congress of the United States, and supervised by the Broadcasting Board of
Governors. BBG's stated mission is "to promote and sustain freedom and democracy
by broadcasting accurate and objective news and information about the United
States and the world to audiences overseas".
RFA broadcasts in 9 languages, via shortwave and the Internet. The first
transmission was in Mandarin and it is RFA's most elaborate service as it is
broadcast twelve hours per day. RFA also broadcasts in Tibetan, Cantonese, Uyghur,
Burmese, Vietnamese, Lao, Khmer (to Cambodia) and Korean (to North Korea).
RFA's mission statement: "RFA broadcasts news and information to Asian listeners
who lack regular access to full and balanced reporting in their domestic media.
Through its broadcasts and call-in programs, RFA aims to fill a critical gap in the
lives of people across Asia."
109) The line below the "TO:" line is called what?
To: dianenguy@yahoo.com
XX: Update on CNN
Subject
110) What was The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act?
Established the United States Civil Service Commission, which placed most federal
employees on the merit system and marked the end of the so-called "spoils
system." Drafted during the Chester A. Arthur administration, the Pendleton Act
served as a response to President James Garfield's assassination by Charles J.
Guiteau (a "disappointed office seeker"). The Act was passed into law on January 16,
1883.
111) What does it mean to backup your files regularly?
To copy files to a second medium (a disk or tape) as a precaution in case the first
medium fails.
112) Who must the president inform before conducting a covert military operation?
The Congressional intelligence committees. For the CIA, it is the senate foreign
relations committe as well.
113) How did the AFL and CIO differ historically?
The AFL was a craft union, while the CIO was an industrial union.
114) What was an immediate economic cause of the french revolution?

High government spending with low tax collection from the nobles.
115) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Philippines.
Manila. South Pacific Ocean. Near Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Taiwan.
116) What is the relationship between the yield and the price of a bond?
They are inverse.
117) Who was Kant?
Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 12 February 1804), was a German philosopher from
Knigsberg (now Kaliningrad) in East Prussia. Kant is often considered one of the
greatest, and is one of the most influential, thinkers of modern Europe and the last
major philosopher of the Enlightenment. Kant is known for his theory that there is a
single moral obligation, which he called the Categorical Imperative, which is derived
from the concept of duty. It is from the Categorical Imperative that all other moral
obligations are generated, and by which all moral obligations can be tested. He
believed that the moral law is a principle of reason itself, and is not based on
contingent facts about the world, such as what would make us happy. Accordingly,
he believed that moral obligation applies to all and only rational agents.
118) Who was Nathaniel Hawthorne?
1804-1864 a 19th century American novelist and short story writer. He is seen as a
key figure in the development of American literature. Hawthorne is best-known
today for his many short stories and The Scarlet Letter. Much of Hawthorne's work is
set in colonial New England, and many of his short stories have been read as moral
allegories influenced by his Puritan background.
119) What is the Asian Development Bank?
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a multilateral development finance institution
dedicated to reducing poverty in Asia and the Pacific. It was founded in 1966 with
31 members states and has now grown to include 64, including the US, many
europen nations, and all asian nations, including the stans. Headquartered in
Philippines.
120) What are "The Federalist Papers"?
A series of 85 articles arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution.
They were first published serially in New York City newspapers. A compilation, called
The Federalist, was published in 1788. The Federalist Papers serve as a primary
source for interpretation of the Constitution, as they outline the philosophy and
motivation of the proposed system of government. The articles were written by
James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay.

121) When were the first women allowed to vote in the world?
1893 in New Zealand.
122) What is proxemics?
The term proxemics was introduced by anthropologist Edward T. Hall in 1963 to
describe the measureable distances between people as they interacted.
Hall pointed out that social distance between people is reliably correlated with
physical distance, and described four distances:
intimate distance for embracing, touching or whispering (15-45 cm, 6-18 inches)
personal distance for interactions among good friends (45-120 cm, 1.5-4 feet)
social distance for interactions among acquaintances (1.2-3.5 m, 4-12 ft)
public distance used for public speaking (over 3.5 m, 12 ft)
Hall pointed out that different cultures maintain different standards of personal
space. In Latin cultures, for instance, those relative distances are smaller, and
people tend to be more comfortable standing close to each other; in Nordic cultures
the opposite is true.
123) Who established the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
The puritans in 1629.
124) What does Article 2 of the US Constitution Cover?
Executive Power
125) What natural resource does Azerbaijan mainly export?
OIL.
126) What is LAFTA?
The Latin American Free Trade Association was created in 1960 by Argentina, Brazil,
Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. The signatories hoped to create a
common market in Latin America.
By 1970, LAFTA expanded to include Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. In
1980, LAFTA reorganized into the Latin American Integration Association.
Membership remained unchanged until Cuba joined in 1999.
127) What was The Roosevelt Corollary?
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (from 1901 to 1909) was a
substantial alteration (called an "amendment") of the Monroe Doctrine by U.S.
President Theodore Roosevelt. The U.S. would now consider Latin America as an
agency for expanding U.S. commercial interests in the region, along with its original
stated purpose of keeping European hegemony from the hemisphere.

In essence, Roosevelt's Monroe Doctrine would be the basis for a use of economic
and military hegemony to make the U.S. the dominant power in the Western
Hemisphere. The new doctrine was a frank statement that the U.S. was willing to
seek leverage over Latin American governments by acting as an international police
power in the region. Described as a policy of speaking softly but carrying a big stick,
the Roosevelt announcement launched an era of the "big stick."
128) Name the capital and neighboring countries of Zambia.
Lusaka. DPR Congo, Malawi, Angola, Botswana, Nambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique,
Tanzania, contains Zambezi river. Independant from UK in 1964.
129) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Sudan.
Khartoum. Egypt, Libya, Chad, CAR, DPR Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Eritria, Ethiopia,
Red Sea. Contains Nile River (White and Blue forks).
130) What were the Palmer Raids?
The 1918's and 1921's Palmer Raids were a series of controversial raids on
American citizens and resident and non-resident aliens in the United States, based
on their assumed political beliefs.
The raids are named for Alexander Mitchell Palmer, United States Attorney General
under Woodrow Wilson. Palmer stated his belief that Communism was "eating its
way into the homes of the American workman," and that Socialists were responsible
for most of the country's social problems.
131) What natural features border the Gobi Desert?
The desert basins of the Gobi are bounded by the Altay Mountains and the
grasslands and steppes of Mongolia on the north, by the Tibetan Plateau to the
southwest, and by the North China Plain to the southeast.
132) When was the Indian National Congress established?
1885, still under british rule.
133) What was the sherman Anti-Trust Act?
1890 federal antitrust law intended to control or prohibit monopolies by forbidding
certain practices that restrain competition. In the early 1900s, the U.S. Supreme
Court ruled that the act applied only to unreasonable restraints of trade and thus
could be used only against severe monopolies.
134) What was the Yalta conference?
It was the wartime meeting from February 4 to 11, 1945 between the heads of
government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union. The

delegations were headed by Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph

Stalin, respectively. They discussed houw Germany would be occupied, how europe
would be rebuilt, and Russia pledged to enter the war against Japan soon after
Germany was defeated. They also set the date for the UN charter conference, which
would be held in San Francisco.
135) What year was NATO created?
1949
136) What excuses do jewish and islamic men need to divorce their wives?
None. They can divorce with no explanation. Women can only divorce in a few
circumstances.
137) What was the Era of Good Feelings?
Period from 18151821 that followed the War of 1812 where the last Federalist
candidate was defeated and the issues of slavery were emerging as a result of the
Missouri Compromise. James Monroe defeated the last Federalist candidate in 1816,
and won unopposed in 1820.
138) What is the 4th Ammendment of the US Constitution?
Protection from unreasonable search and seizure.
139) What states were part of the Northwest Territory?
Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Indiana. They all became states in the
early to mid 1800's.
140) Who was Henry David Thoreau?
1817-1862 an American author, naturalist, transcendentalist, pacifist, tax resister
and philosopher who is famous for Walden, on simple living amongst nature, and
Civil Disobedience, on resistance to civil government and among 22 other books
that Thoreau published. He was a lifelong abolitionist.
141) When was the Louisiana Purchase?
Purchased under Jefferson from France in 1803 for $15 million; extends from the
Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada. If
adjusted for the relative share of GDP, this amount would equal approximately $390
billion in 2003. The land included in the Purchase comprises 22.3 percent of the
territory of the modern United States.
142) What is the longest river in Asia?

The, Yangtze River, with its mouth at Shanghai. It is the third longest in the world
after the amazon and the nile.
143) What is the 12th Ammendment of the US Constitution?
(1804): Changes the method of presidential elections so that members of the
electoral college cast separate ballots for president and vice president.
144) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Liberia.
Monrovia. Sierra Leone, Cote d'Ivorie, Guniea, Atlantic Ocean.
145) Who was Vasco da Gama?
He sailed from Europe to India around the Cape of Good Hope.
146) Do LLCs, partnerships, and sole proprietorshops pay higher or lower taxes than
corporations?
Corporations pay higher taxes.
147) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Paraguay.
Asuncion. Brazil (Rio Parana forms part of border), Argentina, Bolivia.
148) Who is on the $100 bill?
Benjamin Franklin.
149) What was Transcendentalism?
Transcendentalism was the name of a group of new ideas in literature, religion,
culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early-to mid-nineteenth
century. It began as a protest against the general state of culture and society at the
time, and in particular, the state of intellectualism at Harvard and the doctrine of
the Unitarian church which was taught at Harvard Divinity School. Among their core
beliefs was an ideal spiritual state that 'transcends' the physical and empirical and
is only realized through the individual's intuition, rather than through the doctrines
of established religions. Prominent Transcendentalists included Ralph Waldo
Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Margaret Fuller. The publication of Emerson's
1836 essay Nature is usually taken to be the watershed moment at which
Transcendentalism became a major cultural movement. Emerson wrote: "We will
walk on our own feet; we will work with our own hands; we will speak our own
minds...A nation of men will for the first time exist, because each believes himself
inspired by the Divine Soul which also inspires all men." Emerson closed the essay
by calling for a revolution in human consciousness.
150) Who was Idi Amin?

Idi Amin (May 17, 1928[1] August 16, 2003) was an army officer and President of
Uganda (1971 to 1979) whose regime was notorious for its brutality.
Amin's tenure witnessed much sectarian violence, including the persecution of the
Acholi, Lango, and other tribes in Uganda. Reports of the torture and murder of
300,000 to 500,000 Ugandans during Amin's presidency have been widespread
since the 1970s.
151) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Somalia.
Mogadishu. Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Red Sea, Indian Ocean.
152) Who was John Dewey?
An American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer, whose thought
has been greatly influential in the United States and around the world. He is
recognized as one of the founders of the philosophical school of Pragmatism, a
pioneer in functional psychology, and a leading representative of the progressive
movement in U.S. education during the first half of the 20th century.
153) What was the Greenback party?
The Greenback Party (Greenback-Labor Party) was an American political party that
was active between 1874 and 1884. Its name referred to paper money, or
"greenbacks," that had been issued during the American Civil War and afterward.
The party advocated issuing large amounts of money, believing this would help
people, especially farmers by raising prices and making debts easier to pay. It was
established as a political party whose members were primarily farmers financially
hurt by the Panic of 1873.
The Greenback Party was founded at a meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, on
November 25, 1874. It was originally called the Independent National Party. In 1878,
14 members of the party were elected to the United States Congress. In 1880 the
Greenback Party broadened its platform to include support for an income tax, an
eight hour day, and allowing women the right to vote. The party's influence declined
quickly, and after 1884 it was no longer a force in American politics.
154) Who can legally violate equal opportunity laws?
Churches. They can discriminate in hiring based on religion.
155) What was the First Quota Act of 1921?
Also known as the Emergency Quota Act of May 19, 1921 it limited the annual
number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 3% of the
number of persons from that country living in the United States in 1910, according
to Census figures. This totalled about 357,802 immigrants. Of that number just over
half was allocated for northern and western Europeans, and the remainder for
eastern and southern Europeans, a 75% reduction from prior years. Professionals

were allowed in despite their origins. The act was passed in a time of swelling
isolationism following World War I
156) How does a firm maximize profit?
By producing at a level where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
157) What are some exemptions to the 1966 FOIA?
National security, personal right to privacy, law enforcement, and well water
geographic data. Most other info must be provided within 10 days under the 1966
Freedom of Information Act.
158) What is the debt utilization ratio?
Debt utilization ratios measure how well the firm is utilizing debt and XYZ
company's ability to repay the debt. Many novice investors believe that a company
with no debt is superior. Having little debt on the balance sheet is generally very
safe. But most companies assume debt to finance operations so the company can
grow. General finance textbooks state that the ideal ratios is around 30%, due to
leveraged buyouts the ratio of debt to assets or equity has been increasing.
159) What was the Panic of 1857?
The Panic of 1857 was a notable sudden collapse in the economy of the United
States that occurred in 1857. The collapse ended a period of prosperity and
speculation that had followed the Mexican War and the discovery of gold in
California in the 1840s. Gold pouring in played its part by helping inflate the
currency. Over five thousand businesses failed within a year. At the suggestion of
Howell Cobb, Secretary of the Treasury, President James Buchanan proposed to
Congress that the Treasury be authorized to sell revenue bonds for the first time
since the Mexican War.
In October, a bank holiday was declared in New England and New York in a vain
effort to avert runs on those institutions. Eventually the panic and depression
spread to Europe, South America and the Far East. No recovery was evident in the
United States for a year and a half and the full impact did not dissipate until the
American Civil War.
160) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Sri Lanka.
Colombo. Bay of Bengal (Indian Ocean)near India and Maldives.
161) What year did Mexico separate from Spain?
1810. It's war to win its freedom ended in 1821.
162) What top-level domain is assigned to the Department of Army?

.mil
163) When was the Social Security Act enacted?
1935 by FDR's New Deal platform.
164) Name the capital and neighboring countries of Zimbabwe.
Harare. Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Botswana, South Africa. Independant from UK
circa 1961.
165) What was the Stavisky Affair?
A financial and political scandal that shook France in 1934. Serge Alexandre
Stavisky, a swindler associated with the municipal pawnshop of Bayonne, sold huge
quantities of worthless bonds. Despite a shady past he had connections with many
persons in responsible positions. Faced with exposure in Dec., 1933, he fled but was
discovered by the police at Chamonix (Jan., 1934); he either committed suicide or
was murdered by the police. Extremists, particularly of the right, accused the
Radical Socialist government of Camille Chautemps of corrupt deals with Stavisky
and forced its resignation. The rightists further alleged that Stavisky had been
murdered to protect influential persons connected with him. douard Daladier, the
new premier, used force to repress bloody riots staged (Feb. 67, 1934) in Paris by
extremists (chiefly royalists), but he too had to resign. He was replaced by Gaston
Doumergue and a national unity cabinet. After a long trial (193536) of 20
defendants, none of them politically important, 11 of the accused, including
Staviskys widow, were acquitted. Some of the politicians so wildly accused of
corruptionnotably Chautempswere later cleared. The affair had the unfortunate
effect of discrediting not only the Radical Socialist party but also parliamentary
democracy in general.
166) What is the 25th Ammendment of the US Constitution?
(1967): Changes details of presidential succession, provides for temporary removal
of president, and provides for replacement of the vice president.
167) Who was John Singer Sargent?
1856-1925 A painter known for his portraits. He is usually thought of as an
American artist, although he lived most of his life in Europe. Sargent's portraits
subtly capture the individuality and personality of the sitters. In a time when the art
world was focused on impressionism and emphasizing artistic individuality, Sargent
emphasized his own form of Realism and regularly did commissioned portraits of the
wealthy.
168) Name the Capital and neighboring countries of Kazakhstan.

Astana. Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgystan, Russia, China, Caspian Sea. Contains

Aral sea, Ertis river.
169) Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe?
1811-1896 an abolitionist, and writer of more than 10 books, the most famous being
Uncle Tom's Cabin which describes life in slavery.
170) Who was Hegel?
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770November 14, 1831) was a
German philosopher born in Stuttgart, Wrttemberg, in present-day southwest
Germany. He is best known for attempting to elaborate a comprehensive and a
system of metaphysics from a logical starting point. Many consider Hegel's thought
to represent the summit of early 19th century Germany's movement of
philosophical idealism. It would come to have a profound impact on many future
philosophical schools, including schools that opposed Hegel's specific dialectical
idealism, such as Existentialism, the historical materialism of Karl Marx, historicism,
and British Idealism.
171) Who's work did Galileo contradict?
Ptolemy.
172) What is the largest denomination of US money ever created?
100,000 in 1934.
173) Who was Robert Maplethorpe?
1946-1989 an American photographer, famous for his large-scale, highly-stylized
black & white portraits, photos of flowers and male nudes. The frank, erotic nature
of some of the work of his middle period triggered a more general controversy
about the public funding of artworks. His most common themes were portraits of
(now) famous people (including Andy Warhol, Deborah Harry, Richard Gere, and
Patti Smith)
174) Name the capital and neighboring countries of Uruguay.
Montevideo. Brazil, Argentina, Atlantic Ocean, Rio Negro.
175) What is the difference between a Grand and Petit Jury?
A Grand Jury is established to determine if a crime has been committed. A petit jury
determines whether a person is guilty of a crime that has been committed.
176) What was the first treaty to recognize and regulate diplomacy?
The Congress of Vienna in 1815.

177) What was The Antarctic Treaty?

The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty
System or ATS, regulate the international relations with respect to Antarctica,
Earth's only uninhabited continent. For the purposes of the treaty system,
Antarctica is defined as all land and ice shelves south of the southern 60th parallel.
The treaty was signed by 12 countries, including the Soviet Union and the United
States, and set aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve, established freedom of
scientific investigation and banned military activity on that continent. This was the
first arms control agreement established during the Cold War. The main treaty was
opened for signature on December 1, 1959, and officially entered into force on June
23, 1961.
178) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Mongolia.
Ulaanbaatar. China, Russia. Contains part of Gobi Desert.
179) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Mali.
Bamako. Guinea, Senegal, Algeria, Niger, Mauritania, Cote d'Ivorie, Burkina Faso.
Contains Niger river.
180) Name the capital and neighboring countries of Fiji.
Suva. South Pacific Ocean.
181) Name the Capital and bordering countries of Lebanon.
Beirut. Mediterranean Sea, Syria, Israel.
182) What was the espionage act of 1917?
Passed by Congress in 1917 after the United States entered World War I; set a
$10,000 fine and 20 years imprisonment for interfering with the recruiting of troops
or the disclosure of information dealing with national defense.
183) What countries have access to the Caspian Sea?
Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Azerbaijan. Russia's Volga river and a canal
system links it to the Black Sea.
184) What is USAID?
The United States Agency for International Development (or USAID) is the US
government organization responsible for most non-military foreign aid. An
independent federal agency, it receives overall foreign policy guidance from the US
Secretary of State.
It is organized around 4 main pillars:
Global Development Alliance

Economic Growth, Agriculture and Trade

Global Health
Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance
It advances US foreign policy objectives by supporting:
economic growth, agriculture and trade
health
democracy, conflict prevention and humanitarian assistance
USAID's origins date back to the Marshall Plan reconstruction of Europe after World
War II and the Truman Administration's Point Four Program. In September 1961,
President John F. Kennedy signed the Foreign Assistance Act into law and by
executive order established USAID by consolidating U.S. non-military foreign aid
programs into a single agency.
185) Does the president have "line item veto" power?
No. The Supreme Court upheld a lower court's ruling finding the line item veto to be
unconstitutional, as the constitution lays out how the president may veto a bill, but
is silent as to amending it. This leaves open the question if the constitution can be
amended to allow for such a procedure.
186) What is the 26th Ammendment of the US Constitution?
(1971): Prohibits the federal government and the states from using an age greater
than 18 as a qualification to vote.
187) Who was Richard E. Neustadt?
Richard Elliott Neustadt (June 26, 1919 - October 31, 2003) was an American
political historian specializing in the U.S. Presidency. He also served as advisor to
several Presidents. Neustadt later founded the Kennedy School of Government at
Harvard, where he taught for more than two decades, retiring in 1989. After his
retirement he served as an advisor to Bill Clinton.
One of Neustadt's closest students was a young Al Gore. Gore's interest in politics
was reignited by a junior seminar taught by Neustadt in 1968 on the presidency. In
the course, Gore role-played John F. Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Gore
arranged to have private tutorials with Neustadt during his senior year, meeting
with him two hours weekly. His most important book, Presidential Power, first
published in 1960, influenced Kennedy as well as a whole generation of academics,
and continues to be one of the staples of courses about the presidency all over the
world. Neustadt took a radically original view.
The president, he believed, had to grab "for just enough power to get by the next
day's problems". Neustadt argued that "the power of the presidency is the power to
persuade". To be precise, he said, the government has three assets: the power to

persuade, its professional reputation, and its public prestige. In a government like
that of the United States, where powers are shared between congress, the judiciary
and the executive branch headed by the president, the president must do his best
to bargain with rival power centres to get what he believes to be needed.
188) What is Vroom's expectancy theory?
This theory deals with motivation and management. It assumes that people wish to
maximize pleasure and minimize pain. It says that people will be motivated to
perform well if good performance will result in outcomes they value.
Vroom introduces three variables which he calls Valence, Expectancy and
Instrumentality.
Valence is the importance that the individual places upon the expected outcome of
a situation.
Expectancy is the belief that output from the individual and the success of the
situation are linked, e.g. if I work harder then this will be better.
Instrumentality is the belief that the success of the situation is linked to the
expected outcome of the situation, e.g. it's gone really well, so I'd expect praise
189) Who was Jean Gottmann?
Jean Gottmann (October 10, 1915 February 28, 1994) was a French geographer
who was most widely known for coining the term megalopolis to describe the
condition of the Boston-Washington corridor. His main contributions to human
geography were in the sub-fields of urban, political, economic, historical and
regional geography.
190) What is work-to-rule?
A type of slowdown used by workers. It is not completely covered by US labor law.
191) Who was Edward Teller?
Edward Teller (January 15, 1908 September 9, 2003) was a Hungarian-born
American nuclear physicist, known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen
bomb." He was an early member of the Manhattan Project charged with developing
the first atomic bombs. During this time he made a serious push to develop the first
fusion-based weapons as well, but these were deferred until after World War II. After
his controversial testimony in the security clearance hearing of his former Los
Alamos colleague Robert Oppenheimer, Teller became ostracized by much of the
scientific community. He continued to find support from the U.S. government and
military research establishment. He was a co-founder of Lawrence Livermore

National Laboratory, and was both its director and associate director for many
years. Over the course of his long life, Teller was known both for his scientific ability
and his difficult interpersonal relations, and is considered one of the key influences
on the character Dr. Strangelove in the 1964 movie of the same name.
192) What is the Austrian school of economics?
It is is a school of economic thought that rejects opposing economists' reliance on
methods used in natural science for the study of human action, and instead bases
its formalism of economics on relationships through logic or introspection called
"praxeology". It is a subset of classical liberal school of economics. Friedrich Hayek
was a famous member.
193) Who was William Lloyd Garrison?
1805-1879 A prominent white abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. He is best
known as the editor of the radical abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator, and as one
of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society. After the abolition of slavery,
he continued working on other reform movements, especially temperance and
women's suffrage.
194) Who was Carl Sandberg?
(January 6, 1878 July 22, 1967) was an American poet, historian, novelist,
balladeer and folklorist. He was born in Galesburg, Illinois of Swedish parents and
died at his home, which he named Connemara, in Flat Rock, North Carolina.
H. L. Mencken called Carl Sandburg "indubitably an American in every pulse-beat."
He was a successful journalist, poet, historian, biographer, and autobiographer.
During the course of his career, Sandburg won two Pulitzer Prizes, one for his
biography of Abraham Lincoln (Abraham Lincoln: The War Years) and one for his
collection The Complete Poems of Carl Sandburg.
195) What is the Korea Strait?
It seperates Korea from Japan, is part of Pacific Ocean. Numerous international
shipping lanes pass through the strait, including those carrying much of the traffic
bound for the ports of southern South Korea. Both South Korea and Japan have
restricted their territorial claims in the strait to 3 nautical miles from shore, so as to
permit free passage through it. Passenger ferries ply numerous routes across the
strait.
196) What are Implied powers, in relation to the U.S. Constitution?
Powers not specifically given to the Federal Government of the United States.
Implied powers are derived from an enumerated power and the Necessary-andproper clause, which can also be recognized as the elastic clause. These powers are
not stated specifically but are considered to be "reasonably" implied through the

exercise of delegated powers.

The implied powers of the Federal government was an idea formed after Thomas
Jefferson decided to go ahead with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, although the
Constitution did not explicitly give him the power to do so. Later, the implied powers
played an important role in the court decision of McCulloch v. Maryland, with the
Second Bank of the United States using the idea to argue the constitutionality of
Congress's creating it in 1816.
197) Who ruled first, Caesar or Marc Anthony?
Caesar. Marc Anthony committed double suicide with Ceopatra.
198) What was the immigration act of 1924?
Set immigration quotas of 2 percent of the number of foreign-born persons from a
given nation, based on the Census of 1890. Drastically cut immigration from south
and east europe, as well as asia.
199) What is statism?
Statism is a term used in a variety of disciplines (economics, sociology, education
policy etc) to describe a system that involves a significant interventionist role for
the state in economic or social affairs. In economics, the term "statism" refers to
any economy where the state plans or coordinates the economy, or the advocacy of
such a system.
200) What was the treaty of San Francisco?
The Treaty of Peace with Japan between the Allied Powers and Japan, was officially
signed by 48 nations on September 8, 1951 in San Francisco, California.
The treaty served to officially end World War II, to formally end Japan's position as
an imperial power and allocate compensation to Allied civilians and former prisoners
of war who had suffered Japanese war crimes. The Treaty made extensive use of the
UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to enunciate the Allies'
goals.