TITL

XPRIMNT 4: CNDUCTNC F QUUS INS

NM

MISRH MHMD ZULKLPL (2014308563)

GRUP MMBRS

SITI NRLDH BINTI MUHMD (2014175143)

NUR SITI BIZURH BINTI PLNG (2014748255)

CURS CD

CHM 555

GRUP

S245 4D2

LCTURRS NM

DR. MHMMD NR BIN JLIL

SUBMISSIN DT

27 TH PRIL 2016

bjctiv
T dtrmin th mlr cnductivitis nd limiting mlr cnductivitis f svrl lctrlyts .

Intrductin
lctrlyts is ny substnc tht prducs ins whn disslvd in slvnt that is usully wtr and is n
lctrlyt. Th lctriclly cnductiv slutin must b prsnt fr crrsin t ccur. There are a variety
f lctrlyts such as strng, wk, nd nn-lctrlyts. Th ntur f quus slutins is studied by
msuring th cnductivity f strng nd wk lctrlyts. Incrsing munts f ithr cid r bs r
ddd t svrl lctrlyt slutins. Cnductivity is defined as msur f th cncntrtin f ins
in a slutin. Th cnductivity is prprtinl t th currnt tht flws btwn th lctrds. Fr currnt
t flw, ins must b prsnt in a slutin t crry th chrg frm n lctrd t nthr. Incrsing
th numbr f ins in a slutin expands th munt f chrg tht is crrid btwn lctrds nd
incrss th cnductivity. Th mst cmmnly usd units are micrSimns/cm (S/cm) nd
milliSimns/cm (mS/cm) dscribs th cnductivity f quus slutins. Cnductnc usd t identify
th cid disscitin cnstnt f smpl is clld th cnductnc mthd. The usual tbl slt (NCl) is
n lctrlyt, nd whn it is disslvd in wtr t frm slt wtr, it bcms sdium ins (N +) nd
chlrid ins (Cl-), ch f which is crpuscl tht cnducts lctricity.

pprtus

3 100 ml vlumtric flsk

1 100 ml grdutd cylindr
1 50 ml grdutd cylindr
5 100 ml bkrs
1- 250 ml bkrs
1 digitl cnductivity mtr

Mtrils

0.04 M Hydrchlric cid

0.02 M ctic cid
0.1 M Sdium ctt
0.1 M Sdium Chlrid

Prcdur
ch stck slutin prvidd will b usd t mk thr dilut slutin in 100 ml in vlum. In dditin,
kp but 50 ml f th stck slutin in lbld 100ml bkr. ll rquird slutin cncntrtin r
listd in tbl blw.
St
1
2
3
4

Cmpund
NCl
CH3CN
HCl
CH3CH

Cncntrtin (M)
0.02,0.04,0.08,0.10
0.02,0.04,0.08,0.10
0.005,0.01,0.02,0.04
0.004,0.008,0.01,0.02

Tbl 1: Slutin Cncntrtins

50 ml f dinizd wtr nd tp wtr ws ddd t 100 ml bkr. Cnductivity msurmnt f bth
slutin r tkn fr th clibrtin f th cnductivity prb. st f slutin hs bn prprd nd
th prb hs bn crrctly clibrtd. 50 ml f ch dilutd slutin ws ddd t lbld 100 ml
bkr. Th cnductivity prb ws dippd int th slutin with th lwst lctrlyt cncntrtin. Th
prb ws rmvd frm th slutin, blt dry, swirld in a dinizd wtr bth, blt dry gin nd th
prb ws dippd int th slutin hving th nxt highst lctrlyt cncntrtin. Th cnductivitis f
ll slutins ws rptd nd rcrdd. ll th glsswr ws clnd nd mvd n t nxt st f
slutins.

Rsults
Dinizd Wtr: 1.79 S/cm
Tp Wtr: 112.3S/cm

NCl
k (Scm-1)
0.000215
0.000420
0.000788
0.000986

Mlr Cnductivity
0.01075
0.0105
0.00985
0.00986

Cncntrtin (M)
0.02
0.04
0.08
0.1

k (Scm-1)
0.000141
0.000280
0.000528
0.000655

Mlr Cnductivity
0.00705
0.007
0.0066
0.00655

Cncntrtin (M)
0.005
0.01
0.02
0.04

k (Scm-1)
0.000150
0.000292
0.000580
0.001125

Mlr Cnductivity
0.03
0.0292
0.029
0.028125

k (Scm-1)
0.00000867
0.00001254
0.00001257
0.00001446

Mlr Cnductivity
0.002168
0.001568
0.001257
0.000723

Cncntrtin (M)
0.02
0.04
0.08
0.1

CH3CN

HCl

CH3CH
Cncntrtin (M)
0.004
0.008
0.01
0.02

Clcultin
Using th Khlrusch mthd, vlut fr ctic cid

Fr ch ctic cid slutin, dtrmin

Discussin
Bsd n the xprimnt tht was conducted, pur wtr ds nt cnduct lctricity, but ny slvtd
inic spcis wuld cntribut t the cnductin f lctricity. strng lctrlyt is cmpund tht
will cmpltly disscit int ins when in wtr which is HCl nd NCl. Crrspndingly, wk
lctrlyt CH3CH nd CH3CN nly disslvs prtilly. Th cnductivity f n lctrlyt
slutin relies n the cncntrtin f th inic spcis nd bhvs diffrntly fr strng nd wk
lctrlyts.
H+ nd H r uniqu and r vry gd chrg crrirs nd mv thrugh slutin vry rpidly. Ins
such s NH4 + nd Cl mvs thrugh a slutin t slwr rt nd thrfr des nt cnduct lctricity
s wll. Unchrgd spcis in a slutin des nt crry ny chrg .Initilly, th slutin cnductivity is
high, bcus H hs lrg mlr cnductivity. Hwvr, s H is nutrlizd, th cnductivity flls.
ftr ll, th H is nutrlizd and th H + cncntrtin incrss nd th cnductivity gin riss
stply.
Bsd n th strng lctrlyts grph, th vritin f mlr cnductivity with cncntrtin is smll s
tht th plt cn b xtr plttd t zr cncntrtin. Mrvr, th grph n th wk lctrlyts r
nrly cmpltly inizd t highr cncntrtin. Thir disscitin is strngly cncntrtin dpndnt.

Th prcutin stps in this experiment are rins th lctrd with distilld wtr nd dry gntly with
tissu bfr ch us. The purpose of rinsing is to cln th lctrd nd minimizs cntmintin
btwn slutins.

Cnclusin
In cnclusin, th mlr cnductivitis f ch f cncntrtin in ll slutin r dtrmind nd th
limiting mlr cnductivits fr HCl nd NCl r 0.375 nd 0.091. Thus th bjctiv is chivd.

Qustins
1. Cmpr th cnductivity f tp wtr t tht f dinizd wtr. Which hs highr lctricl
cnductivity. Why?
Tp wtr hs highr lctric cnductivity thn dinizd wtr. This is bcus tap water cntins
more ins compared to deionized water
2. Why did th slt mk th wtr mr cnductiv t lctricity?
Cmmn tbl slt (NCl) is n lctrlyt, nd whn this is disslvd in wtr t frm slt wtr, it
bcms sdium ins (N+) nd chlrid ins (Cl-), ch f which is crpuscl tht
cnducts lctricity.
3. Why ds 0.02 M ctic cid slutin hv lwr lctricl cnductivity thn 0.02 M HCl ?
This is bcus thr r fwr hydrgn ins vilbl t mv in th slutin ctic cid. Thr is
lwr cncntrtin f hydrgn ins t crry th chrg in ctic cid thn thr is in hydrchlric
cid.

4. mng ll 0.02 M slutins, which n hs th highst lctricl cnductivity? Why ?

5. Th mlr cnductivity f n quus 0.10 mlr slutin f gN 3 is 109.09 Scm2 ml-1t 298.15 K.
Whn this slutin is plcd in prticulr cnductnc cll, th rsistnc f th slutin is fund t b
35 hm. Cmput th spcific cnductivity f gN3 slutin.

Rfrncs
1. http://www.clby.du/chmistry/CH145/lb/CH145xp8lctrlyts.pdf
2. https://www.csun.du/~jlrnt/CHM351L/xprimnt4.pdf
3. Lctur Nts