. ..

58
1.







2.











3.





4.

13A
6

14B
6

14C
7

15D
7

15E
8

. B C
. C D
. D E
. A B
. C A C
: A B C
A
1s2 2s2 2p6

B
1s2 2s2 2p6

C
3s2

A B C
1. A
2. A C
3. B BO
4. B 3 IIA C 3 VA
5. B C BC2

. 1 3 4

. 1 4
. 2 5
. 1 2 3

. Br > Ca > Cl Br- > Cl- > Ca2+
. Ca > Br > Cl Ca2+ > Br- > Cl. Ca > Cl > Mg Ca2+ > Cl- > Mg2+
. Ca > Mg > Cl Cl- > Ca2+ > Mg2+
. Cl > Mg > Ca Cl- > Mg2+ > Ca2+

. BCl3 I-3
ClF3
. BCl3 NO-3 SOCl2
. NO-3 PH3 SOCl2
. BCl3 NO-3 PH3

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

. 1 2 3 5

. I-3 SOCl2 ClF3

5.
. HF > LiF
. H3C - O - CH3 > HO - CH2 - CH3
Cl
Cl
Cl
H
. C = C
>
C = C
. PH3 > NH3
. SO2 > SiO2
H
H
H
Cl
6. (CaCl2)
(Na2CO3)
.
.
.
.
Ca2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + 2Na+(aq) + CO32-(aq)
CaCO3(s) + 2NaCl(s)
.

7. X 4
2X (s) + 2 H2O (l)
2 XOH (aq) + H2 (g)
. X XO
. X Na Mg
. X
. X

. (Cl2) CCl4 X
2 CCl4
8. : A , B C
A

Cl2
B HCl


C

H2SO4

. A
. B
. C
. A C
. B C
2

12.

(C3H8) (C4H10)
0.6 49.6 kg

. 110.0
. 149.6
. 154.0
. 158.4
. 308.0

100
80
60
40
20
0 10.0 11.0

100
80
60
40
20
0 10.0 11.0

100
80
60
40
20
0 10.0 11.0

()

()

()

100
80
60
40
20
0 10.0 11.0

()

Cs-137 Cs-137 128 mg
Cs-137 1 mg ( Cs-137 30 )
. 60

. 150
. 180

. 210
. 240
X
-
- XO XO2
- X
X
. [He] 2s2
. [He] 2s2 2p2
. [Ne] 3s1
. [Ne] 3s2 3p2
. [Ne] 3s2 3p5
X 2 10.0 11.0 X
10.8 () X
()

9.




10.






11.

100
80
60
40
20
0 10.0 11.0

13. K2Cr2O7 1.00 x 10-5 mol/dm3 K2Cr2O7

X g 100 cm3

1.00 cm3 500 cm3

. 0.147

. 0.294

. 0.588

. 1.470

. 2.940

14. X 0.0320 mol A 20 cm3

10.0 oC Y 2.85 g A 20 cm3

2.0 oC X Y

A A 6.0 oC 0.800 g/cm3

. 111

. 114

. 142.5

. 178

. 223

15. (Mg3N2) 4.0 g 2.7 g 3.6 g

. 54

. 60

. 75

. 83

. 90

16. XY2 X2Y4 500 cm3 STP

X2Y4 XY2

800 cm3 STP

XY2

. 15.4

. 25.0

. 33.3

. 40.0

X2Y4(g)

XY2(g)

()

. 53.3

17. 1 - 4

1.
2.

3.

4.

Q2R3

22 oC

. 2 4
. 3 4
. 1 2 3
. 1 2
. 1 3
18. X
()

(atm)
1.0

0.5

-30 -10

10 30
(oC)

50

70

X 30oC 1 atm
. X
. 0.5 atm 50oC X
. 10oC X
. 0.5 atm -10oC X
. 0.5 atm X
5

19. 60 atm 27oC 10 L

70 atm ( oC)

37oC

( = 8.3 J K-1mol-1 = 0.082 L atm K-1mol-1)

. 31.5

. 62

. 77

. 257

. 350

20.

21. Mg(s) + 2H+(aq)

.
.

Mg2+(aq) + H2(g)

Mg 5 Mg 10 g

HCl 0.2 mol/dm3

Mg

. Mg

. Mg

. Mg 10 - 20

. Mg

. Mg

22. Br2 HCOOH 25oC

Br2(aq) + HCOOH(aq)

2Br-(aq) + 2H+(aq) + CO2(g)

1 dm3 Br2 0.0120 mol HCOOH 0.0500 mol 100

Br- 7.20 x 10-3 mol Br2 0 100

. 3.60 x 10-5

. 7.20 x 10-5

. 1.20 x 10-4

. 1.44 x 10-4

. 7.20 x 10-3

23.

1. Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq)

2. 2KClO3(s)

3. Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g)

MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)
CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)

1 2 3

1.

2.

3.

pH

pH

pH

24.
(1)

(1) ToC

(2)

(2) 5ToC

. (1) (2)

. (1) (2)

. (1) (2)

. (1) (2) (1)

(2)

. (1) (2) (1)

(2)
7

25.








26.



27.









28.

Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2
Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 Ca2+
OH-
Ca(OH)2(s)
Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)

1. CO2
2. H2O
3. HCl
4. NaOH
5. CaCl2
Ca(OH)2
. 1 2 3
. 2 3 4
. 3 4 5
. 1 2 4
. 2 3 5

. A(g) + B(g)
2C(g)
. D(s) + E(g)
F(g)
. G(g)
I(g) + H(g)
. 2X(g)
Y(g) + Z(g)
. 2P(g)
Q(s) + R(g)
H2(g) I2(g)

H2(g) + I2(g)
2HI(g)

(K) 47
.
.
. H2 I2 HI
. H2 I2 HI
. HI H2 I2
K1 K2 K3 (1) (2) (3)
(1) 2A2(g) + B2(g)
2A2B(g)
K1
(2) A2(g) + 2B2(g)
2AB2(g)
K2
(3) 4AB2(g)
2A2B(g) + 3B2(g) K3
K1 K2 K3
K
. 2K2 = K1
. K1 = K22 K3
3
. K2 = K1 - K3
. K1 = K22 + K3
. K1 = 2K2 + K3
2

29. - -
HPO42-

SO42-

HSO-4

PO43-

H2PO-4

H3PO4

H2PO-4

H3PO4

HS-
S2-

H2SO4

H2S

HSO-4

HSO-4

HCO-3

CH3NH-

CO32-

CH3NH-

H2S

H2SO4

CH3NH2

CH3NH3+
CH3NH3+

H2S

CH3NH3+

S2-

CO32-

H2CO3
H2CO3
H2CO3

30. C6H5O2N 0.6150 g

250.00 cm3 pH 3.00

. 1.0 x 10-6

. 5.3 x 10-5

. 2.5 x 10-4

. 1.0 x 10-3

. 5.0 x 10-2

31. - ( - ) pH 3.0 - 5.0

1.0 mol/dm3

. KF

. NaCl

. HNO3

. NaOH

32. 5

. NH4NO3

A
B
C
D
E

pH
3.0 - 4.6
4.2 - 6.3
5.0 - 8.0
6.0 - 7.6
7.0 - 8.0

( )

-
-
-
-
-

. A

. B

. C

. D

. E
9

33. (C4H6O6) 30.00 cm3

NaOH 0.100 mol/dm3 NaOH 20.00 cm3

. 0.30

. 0.50

. 1.00

. 1.20

. 2.00

34. A B 20 cm3

NH4Cl

0.50 mol/dm3

HCl

0.50 mol/dm3

NaHCO3 2.0 mol/dm3

HCl

1.00 mol/dm3

NaOH

NaH2PO4 0.50 mol/dm3

Na3PO4

1.00 mol/dm3

NaOH

2.0 mol/dm3

H3PO4

0.50 mol/dm3

2.0 mol/dm3

CH3COOH 0.50 mol/dm3

35.

2MnO4-(aq) + 16H+(aq) + 5Zn(s)

. 2

. 3

8H2O(l) + 2Mn2+(aq) + 5Zn2+(aq)

. 5

. 7

36.

. Co(NO3)2 + 6KCN

. 2NH3

. 2K2CrO4 + 2HCl

. 3Cl2

+ 6NaOH

. 2Al

+ 6H2O + 2OH-

10

+ 5O2

K4[Co(CN)6] + 2KNO3
2NO

+ 3H2O

K2Cr2O7 + 2KCl + H2O

5NaCl

+ NaClO3 + 3H2O
2[Al(OH)4]- + 3H2O

. 10

37.

O2(g)

+ 4H+(aq) + 4e-

NO3-(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 3e-

E0 (V)

2H2O(l)

1.23

NO(g) + 2H2O(l)

0.96

Fe3+(aq) + e-

Fe2+(aq)

Zn2+(aq) + 2e-

Zn(s)

-0.76

Al3+(aq) + 3e-

Al(s)

-1.68

Ba2+(aq) + 2e-

Ba(s)

-2.91

Li+(aq)

Li(s)

-3.04

38.

+ e-

0.77

. 2Al3+(aq) + 3Ba(s)
3Al(s) + 3Ba2+(aq)
. 2Zn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l)
2Zn(s) + O2(g) + 4H+(aq)
. O2(g)
+ 4H+(aq) + 4Fe2+(aq)
4Fe3+(aq) + 2H2O(l)
. NO3-(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 3Li(s)
NO(g) + 2H2O(l) + 3Li+(aq)
. 2NO3-(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 3Ba(s)
2NO(g) + 3Ba2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

Pb
Ni
Ag
Pb
Pb

Ni2+
Cd2+
HCl
Ag+
HCl

. HCl Pb
. Ni > Ag > Pb
. HCl Ni Ag
. Cd > Ni > Pb > Ag
. Ni2+ > Pb2+ > Ag+ > H+
11

39.
E0 (V)

Fe2+(aq) + 2e-

Fe(s)

-0.44

Cu2+(aq) + 2e-

Cu(s)

0.34

O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e-

Fe3+(aq) + e-

H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e-

S2O82-(aq) + 2e-

H2O2(aq)
Fe2+(aq)

0.69
0.77

2H2O(l)
2SO42-(aq)

1.77
2.01

1. Cu(s) Cu2+(aq) Fe2+(aq) Fe(s)

2. Pt(s) Fe2+(aq) , Fe3+ (aq) H+(aq) , H2O2(aq) Pt(s)

3. Pt(s) SO42-(aq) , S2O82-(aq) H2O2(aq) O2(g) Pt(s)

. 1

. 2

. 3

. 1 2

. 1 3

40.

12

41.

1.

2. KCl K2O 63

3.



. 1
. 2
. 1 2
. 1 3
. 2 3
42.
CH3-CH2 CH3 CH3

1. CH3-CH-CH-C-CH3
3 , 4 , 5 , 5-tetramethylhexane
CH3
CH3

2. CH3-CH-C CH-CH3 2 , 3-dimethyl-3-pentene
CH3
O

3. CH3-C-O-(CH2)7CH3
octyl acetate

4.

CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3

CH3-N-CH3

N , N-dimethyl-2-pentanamine

. 1 2
. 2 3
. 1 4
. 3 4
. 1 3 4
43. C5H10 (A)
(B) (A) (B)

(A) (B)

4
13

44. X Y Z

X + Br2

C4H8Br2

2Z + 15O2

10CO2 + 10H2O

Y + Br2

. Z Br2

C5H11Br + HBr

. X KMnO4

. Y Z

. X Y

. Y

45.

1. CH3COOH CH3CH2OH

3. CH3COOC2H5 C2H5CO2CH3

5. CH3COOC2H5 CH3CH2CH2OH

2. CH3CH2OCH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
4. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2OH

. 2 5

. 1 2 4

. 1 3 4

. 1 3 5

. 2 3 4

46.

A.

B. B5 5 95

C.

D.

99.5

E. (CNG) (NGV)

(LPG)

. A B C

. B C D

. C D E

. A C D

14

. A D E

47.
O

(A)
NH(CH2)5C
n
(C)



48.

(D)

. A B
. A D
A - D

1.

2.

3.

49.

Cl Cl
CH2CHCH2C
n
Cl

(B)

O
O
NH(CH2)6NHC(CH2)4C

CH2CH CCH2
n
CH3

. B C
. C D

. A C D

COOH
COOH
COOH

COOH
4.

. A > B > C > D
. D
. A
. B C
. I2 D > C > B > A

COOH
O
H
H2N C C N C C N
H
O
H

COOH

COOH

.
.
. 3

. 2
.
15

50. pH 25 oC
pH

pH

20

10

7 ()

.
. pH = 10
. pH
. pH 7
. pH

16

1.
2. 3.
11. 12. 13.
21. 22. 23.
31. 32. 33.
41. 42. 43. -
-

4. -
14.
24.
34.
44.

. ..58
5.
15.
25.
35.
45.

6.
16.
26.
36.
46.

7.
17.
27.
37.
47.

8.
18.
28.
38.
48.

9.
19.
29.
39.
49.

10.
20.
30.
40.
50.

1. A, B 6
2. . A Ne, B Mg,
C Cl
2+
3. 12Mg 2 8 2
12Mg 2 8
17Cl 2 8 7
17Cl 2 8 8
2+
20Ca 2 8 8 2
20Ca 2 8 8

Ca > Mg > Cl
Cl- > Ca2+ > Mg2+
4. BCl3 , I-3 , ClF3
NO-3 , SOCl2 , PH3

Cl

C = C

5.

Cl

Cl

C = C

Cl

6. <
7. X K

2K + 2H2O

2KOH + H2

. KI + Cl2
KCl + I2


-
8.
A , B transition , C 2
9.
2n = 128

1 ; n = 7
= 7 x 30 = 210
10. X C 6
11. 11X 11X
10X
a)
10X = a %

10.8 = 10a + 11(100 100
11

X = 100 - a %
a = 20 %
17

12. C3H8 : C4H10 6 : 4

6C3H8
18CO2

17
3
2
4C4H10
16CO2
6C3H8 + 4C4H10 34CO2

49.6

X
=

248 748
13.

1 cm3 =

\ 100 cm3 = 50,000 cm3

X
-5
C1V1 = C2V2
294 x 1,000 = 10 x 50,000
g x 1,000 = C V
X = 0.147
2 2
M

1,000 cm3 K2Cr2O7 = 294 x 10-5

1 cm3 = 500 cm3

100 cm3 = 50,000 cm3

X
50,000 cm3 = X
=
294 x 10-5
50
X
\ 1,000 cm3 = 50
X
=
0.147

mol x 1,000 x K

DT =
W2

W1 x 1,000 x K

DT =
W2 x M


DT = DT x M
mol
W1

16 = 8 x M

0.032
2.85

M
= 178

14.

15. Mg3N2 + 3 H2O

4
2.7 =
100
54


x
=

18

500 cm3

16 oC
\ 8 oC

0.016 mol

\1 mol

3 MgO + 2 NH3
x
120
4.8

%

%

=
=
=
=

0.032 mol
0.016 mol
2.85 g
178 g

= 3.6 x 100
4.8

= 75 %

16.



17.


18.

XY2 + X2Y4 a + b = 500 cm3 ........... 1

X2Y4 2 \ a + 2b = 800 cm3 ........... 2
2 - 1 b
= 300
= 40
% XY2 = 200 x 100
500
\ a
= 200
1
3 Q2R3 N2O3 P2O3


0.5 atm 30 oC X

P 1
19.

=
T1


60

=
300


T
=


20. Rx = 20
RNe M

x

1
= 20
2 M

x

P 2
T 2

P 1

=
T1

P2
T2

70
T
350 K 77 oC

60

=
300

P
310

1 =
4

20
Mx

Mx =

80

P
=
62 atm
70 atm

21. Mg
22.

RBr-

RBr
2

=

=

7.2 x 10-3
100
3.6 x 10-5

7.2 x 10-5

23. 1, 2
3 CaCO3
24. 1
2 Ea

25. - CO2 HCl OH-
- Ca(OH)2
26.
27.
19

28. 1 = ( 2 x 2) + 3

K1 = K22 . K3

29. H+ 1
30. C6H5O2N = 0.615 = 0.005 mol/250 cm3 = 0.02 mol/dm3

123

[H+]2
C6H5O2N
C6H4O2N- + H+
Ka =
C
0.02
0
0
Ka = [10-3]2
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.02
Ka = 5 x 10-5
0.019
0.001
0.001
2

K = [0.001] = 5.3 x 10-5

0.019
31. pH 3 - 5

HNO3 100% 1 M pH = 0 NH4NO3

32. D
33.

aC1V1 = bC2V2
2 x % x 10
150 x 30 = 1 x 0.1 x 20

34. . NH4Cl HCl ( - )

NaHCO3 + HCl

.



.

20

NaCl + CO2 + H2O (CO2 )

NaH2PO4 + Na3PO4

3NaOH + H3PO4

Na2HPO4

Na3PO4 + 3H2O

( - )

35. +7
2+

2MnO4
2Mn

Mn 1 5 e
Mn 2 10 e
36. Cl2 Oxidation
37.
38. Oxidize
Ag+ > H+ > Pb2+ > Ni2+ > Cd2+
39.
40.
41.
42. - 1

- 2
43. C5H10 5 isomer ()
C5H10 5 isomer

44.


45.

46.

47.

X C4H8
Y C5H12
Z C5H10
A D Na C Na Na

B B5 5 95
E LPG C3H8 C4H10
A D (Homo polymer) monomer NH2(CH2)5COOH
CH2 CHC CH2
CH3

48. A
NH3
49. 2 HOOC-(CH2)2-CH-COOH HN

COOH
50. pH

21