Gollanapalli High School Book-2011

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Room No.235,
D Block, 1stFloor,
A.P.Secretariat,
Hyderabad - 500 022
Ph: 040-23456043
Fax: 040-23456054

K. PARTHA SARADHY
Minister for Secondary Education,
Governament Examinations, A.P.Residential
Educational Institutions Society,
Hyderabad Public Schools, Intermediat Education
Governament of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad

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|Ps $<sT\ +> $T{

#dTy*q nedseT @s&+~.


eT+H eTq >qes+ \ =
V d @s&sTT. eTq >=\q|* V d\T
k | q 1962 | u T nqTeT
\_ + +~. n< @&~ qe+sY 2q
X+KTk|q ]+~. 1963 V d\T
@sT |Pss TT+~. k++ eq 15
@ >&# eTq+ V d\TqT k|+ #T
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q V d\sTTq|{ es+, __>&+,
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H) +<+> +~. >e\+{
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{ >e\ | \+< s
Vd\TqT eT~>H u$ksT.
V d\T XU|XK\T> $d] + H{
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w #XsT. k+> V d\TqT @sT
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b< \T mdt.$.sY.. qsd+ Vse X+k|q #XsT. V d\T

11

>=\q|* V d\T qq ue H\ b s+ue kesY


bs+ue Tj < sVD 1963e d+es+, >dT 2e
Bq >=\q|*, es+, >|es| >&+, uVQ+<T >&+
>eTdT\ eTVq du deyX+ ]+~. deyX+
V d\T =* sVD $T{ m+| #d+ ~. V d\T sVD
d++~+ |\T rsH\ #d+ ~. V d\T k|q c
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qjT m+|jsT. es+ qT+ l eTTeT\ <q{
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sT.
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n_e~ $T{ deTLs>*+~. H& >=\q|* >eTdT\ T l
\y+{ y+fX sse d\T nedsy T q sT f # ;sTy\qT

12

&&sT . n$ H{ # #<s +& HsTT. eT&T


><T \ z | ue qeT @s&+~. nsTT |{ |\s | {q
ue q+ be&+q, s >& eT{ H\ e&+q eT <
n~ s+&T <Xu\T eyT de\+~++~. sTy <
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| \T+&$e. @&~H eT eT | +#* e#~. 1980
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13

>=\q|* V d\T qq ue H\ b s+ue kesY

qu$T| eTeTs+ ...


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14

H\T>T <Xu\bT n+f q\u @ =qk+~...


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|Ps $<sT\ +> $T{

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ese * < + & T \ bV +, d j T + w
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|Ps $<sT\ +> $T{

15

>=\q|* V d\T qq ue H\ b s+ue kesY

V d\T n_e~ Bs
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kjT+ @<H >=|<..!


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16

] keTT +& &, >T& mes kjT+ #jT +& +&s T . V d ks\
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|Ps $<sT\ +> $T{

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eTq V d\T=q eTTKeT+

eTq V d\TqT eTTKeT+ VA< lHs #+<uT HjTT&T


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23

>=\q|* V d\T qq ue H\ b s+ue kesY

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24

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25

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eT+& \ + eT< V u q | < + neT\T
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26

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27

>=\q|* V d\T qq ue H\ b s+ue kesY

2009` 10 u#Y
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28

|Ps $<sT\ +> $T{

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29

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30

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31

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32

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33

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34

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35

>=\q|* V d\T qq ue H\ b s+ue kesY

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36

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urk_praja@yahoo.co.in
9963799877, 9491959763, 9490099200

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