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Tropical Cyclones: A Preparedness Guide
Tropical Cyclones: A Preparedness Guide
A PREPAREDNESS GUIDE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Weather Service
Revised April 2013
became hurricanes
Central Pacific Ocean: 4 tropical storms, 2 of
which became hurricanes
Tropical cyclone formation regions with mean tracks/NWS JetStream Online School
Scale
Sustained
Types of
Number
Winds
Damage Due to
(Category)
(MPH)
Hurricane Winds
1
74-95
Very dangerous winds will produce some damage: Well-constructed
frame homes could have damage to roof, shingles, vinyl siding and
gutters. Large branches of trees will snap and shallowly rooted trees may
be toppled. Extensive damage to power lines and poles likely will result in
power outages that could last a few to several days.
2
96-110
Extremely dangerous winds will cause extensive damage:
Well-constructed frame homes could sustain major roof and siding
damage. Many shallowly rooted trees will be snapped or uprooted and
block numerous roads. Near-total power loss is expected with outages
that could last from several days to weeks.
3
111-129 Devastating damage will occur: Well-built framed homes may incur
major damage or removal of roof decking and gable ends. Many trees will
be snapped or uprooted, blocking numerous roads. Electricity and water
will be unavailable for several days to weeks after the storm passes.
4
131-156 Catastrophic damage will occur: Well-built framed homes can sustain
severe damage with loss of most of the roof structure and/or some
exterior walls. Most trees will be snapped or uprooted and power poles
downed. Fallen trees and power poles will isolate residential areas.
Power outages will last weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be
uninhabitable for weeks or months.
5
>156
Catastrophic damage will occur: A high percentage of framed homes
will be destroyed, with total roof failure and wall collapse. Fallen trees
and power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will last
for weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for
weeks or months.
Hurricanes
Dolly (2008)
on South Padre
Island, Texas
Frances (2004)
in coastal Port
St. Lucie, Florida
Ivan (2004)
in coastal Gulf
Shores, Alabama
Charley (2004)
in coastal Punta
Gorda, Florida
Andrew (1992)
in coastal parts
of Cutler Ridge,
Florida
Hurricane Hazards
Storm Surge/Tide
Galveston, TX, hurricane, resulted in more than 8,000 deaths, most by storm tide.
Hurricane Camille produced a 24-foot storm tide in Mississippi.
Hurricane Hugo generated a 20-foot storm tide in South Carolina.
Hurricane Iniki produced a 6-foot storm tide on the island of Kauai in Hawaii.
Hurricane Katrina generated a 27-foot storm tide in Mississippi.
Hurricane Ike produced a 20-foot storm tide in Texas.
Tornadoes
Winds
Rip Currents
Rainfall
Other Information
Audio Podcasts:
www.weather.gov
National Hurricane Center:
www.nhc.noaa.gov
Central Pacific Hurricane Center:
www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc
www.ncdc.noaa.gov
NOAA Coastal Services Center:
www.csc.noaa.gov
Emergency/Preparedness Information
American Red Cross: www.redcross.org
FEMA: www.fema.gov
www.nhc.noaa.gov/mobile
mobile.weather.gov
cell.weather.gov
www.nhc.noaa.gov/audio/index.shtml
www.nhc.noaa.gov/gis/
NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards:
www.weather.gov/nwr
Hurricane Tracking Charts:
www.weather.gov/os/hurricane/
Facebook
NHC Facebook Page:
www.facebook.com/US.NOAA.
NationalHurricaneCenter.gov
CPHC/ NWS Honolulu Facebook Page:
www.facebook.com/
US.NationalWeatherService.Honolulu.gov
Twitter
Atlantic: @NHC_Atlantic
Eastern North Pacific: @NHC_Pacific
Central Pacific: @NWSHonolulu
Storm Surge: @NHC_Surge
are possible within the specified area in association with a tropical, subtropical, or post-tropical cyclone.
Because hurricane preparedness activities become difficult once winds reach tropical storm force, the
hurricane watch is issued 48 hours in advance of the anticipated onset of tropical-storm-force winds. During
a Watch, prepare your home and review your plan for evacuation in case warnings are issued. Listen
closely to instructions from local officials.
TROPICAL STORM WATCH: An announcement that tropical storm conditions (sustained winds of 39 to 73
mph) are possible within the specified area within 48 hours in association with a tropical, subtropical, or posttropical cyclone. During a Watch, prepare your home and review your plan for evacuations in case warnings
are issued. Listen closely to instructions from local officials.
higher) are expected somewhere within the specified area in association with a tropical, subtropical,
or post-tropical cyclone. Because hurricane preparedness activities become difficult once winds
reach tropical storm force, the hurricane warning is issued 36 hours in advance of the anticipated
onset of tropical-storm-force winds. The warning can remain in effect when dangerously high water or
a combination of dangerously high water and waves continue, even though winds may be less than
hurricane force.
TROPICAL STORM WARNING: An announcement that tropical storm conditions (sustained winds of 39
to 73 mph) are expected somewhere within the specified area within 36 hours in association with a tropical,
subtropical, or post-tropical cyclone.
EXTREME WIND WARNING: Extreme sustained winds of a major hurricane (115 mph or greater), usually
associated with the eyewall, are expected to begin within an hour. Take immediate shelter in the interior
portion of a well-built structure.
Additional Watches and Warnings are issued to provide detailed information on specific threats such
as floods and tornadoes. Local National Weather Service offices issue Flash Flood/Flood Watches and
Warnings as well as Tornado Warnings.
NON-PRECIPITATION WEATHER
PRODUCTS provide High Wind Watches
and Warnings for inland areas that could
experience strong winds.
Use all of the above information to make an informed decision on your risk and what actions to take.
Listen to recommendations of local officials on TV, radio and other media and to NOAA Weather
Radio All Hazards for the latest tropical cyclone information.
FEMA
10
immediately if ordered!
99 Stay with friends or relatives at a low-rise inland
hotel or at a designated public shelter outside the
flood zone.
99 DO NOT stay in a mobile or manufactured home.
99 Notify neighbors and a family member outside of
the warned area of your evacuation plans.
99 Take pets with you if possible, but remember,
most public shelters do not allow pets other than
those used by used by people with disabilities.
Identify pet-friendly hotels along your evacuation
route.
If Staying in a Home...
it closed.
99 Turn off utilities if told to do so by authorities.
99 Turn off propane tanks.
99 Unplug small appliances.
99 Fill bathtub and large containers with water in
case clean tap water is unavailable. Use water in
bathtubs for cleaning and flushing only. Do NOT
drink it.
Be Alert For...
hurricanes.
11
Steps to Take
Gather information about hazards. Contact your local National Weather Service office, emergency
management office and American Red Cross chapter. Find out what type of emergencies could occur and
how you should respond. Learn your communitys warning signals and evacuation plans. Assess your
risks and identify ways to make your home and property more secure.
II
Meet with your family to create an emergency plan. Pick two places to meet: a spot outside your
home for an emergency, such as fire, and a place away from your neighborhood in case you cant return
home. Choose an out of state friend as your familys point of contact for everyone to call if the family gets
separated. Discuss what you would do if advised to evacuate.
III
and maintain your plan. Ensure your family knows meeting places, phone numbers and safety
IV Practice
rules. Conduct drills. Test your smoke detectors and NWR monthly and change the batteries at least once
each year. Test and recharge your fire extinguisher(s) according to manufacturers instructions. Replace
stored water and food every 6 months.
12
NOAA PA 201152