To SHIMIZU COPORATION

NIKKISO VIETNAM, INC.PROJECT3 MEDICAL FACTORY PROJECT

Calculation of earth
retaining structure
EXCAVATION H=4,1M

04/10/2014

Hirose(VietNam) HaNoi
TEL
FAX

04 44500202
04 44500203

Design No.
Approval

Approval In charge

Contents

PAGE

1. Outline of design-------------------------------- 1
1. Design standard
2. Soil boring log and planned section
3. Soil parameters
2. Summary of calculation result ------------------- 2
3. Examination of penetration depth ---------------- 3
1. Calculation of penetration depth by Y.L.Chang
2. Examination of boiling
3. Examination of heaving
4. Examination of earth retaining wall ------------- 7
1. Lateral pressure distribution diagram
2. Check of stress

P-1
1.Outline of design
1-1 Design standard As perRecommendation for Design and Construction Practice of
Earth Retaining for Excavationby Architectural Institute of Japan.
1-2 Soil boring log and planned section
Depth
(GL-m)
0

Soil
property
name

Changing
of
-value point
soil
layer for
10 30 50 design
-1.500 m

1.000

1
1.300
2
2.500

10

7.100
4
9.800

4.100

6.900

5
15

15.700
6

20

22.100
7

25

26.500
8

30

Pit depth
GL- 4.100 m

32.200
9
35.500
10
37.500

35

Surcharge
q1= 15.00 kN/m 2
Earth retaining wall

40

SP-4
L= 12.000 m
(Protrusion 1.000 m)
45
Stress
max=

143 N/mm 2 b =

225 N/mm 2 -OK-

50

1-3 Soil parameters

Active side
Unit weight

Internal
friction
angle

Cohesion

( )

(kN/m 2)

Water
Modulus of pressure
subgrade
reaction coefficient
(kN/m 3)

Soil
property
name

-value

Sandy soil

7.0

17.0

7.0

25

0.0

15226

1.00

0.57

Cohesive soil

0.0

16.0

6.0

15.0

1.00

0.57

Cohesive soil

0.0

15.0

5.0

10.0

1.00

0.57

Cohesive soil

5.0

16.0

6.0

15.0

13282

1.00

0.57

Sandy soil

11.0

18.0

8.0

28

0.0

18293

1.00

0.57

Cohesive soil

24.0

19.0

9.0

120.0

25110

1.00

0.57

Sandy soil

22.0

18.5

8.5

33

0.0

24238

1.00

0.57

Cohesive soil

22.0

18.5

8.5

80.0

24238

1.00

0.57

Cohesive soil

42.0

19.0

9.0

120.0

31515

1.00

0.57

10

Sandy soil

56.0

19.5

9.5

32

0.0

35419

1.00

0.57

Soil layer

Wet

Underwater
(kN/m 3)
(kN/m 3)

P-2
2.Summary of calculation result
2-1 Earth retaining wall
Steel sheet pile method Size
:
Penetration depth:
Overall length
:
(Protrusion
1)Penetration depth
Examination

Boiling
heaving
Max. value

Excavation
(m)
4.100
4.100
4.100
-----

Penetration

d(m)
6.744
3.100
0.003
-----

Overall
(m)
10.844
7.200
4.103
10.844

2)Cross section
max
(kNm)
260.21

Occurrence
position

(GL-m)
5.702

b
max
(N/mm 2 )
(mm)
143.3
186.66
(b= 225.0 N/mm 2 )

SP-4
d= 6.900 m
=12.000 m
1.000 m)

penetration depth )

P-3
3.Examination of penetration depth
3-1 Calculation of penetration depth by ..hang
Calculate the penetration depth as a self-standing pile
according to..hang's theory.
Excavation depth = 4.100 m
Characteristic value of earth retaining wall
=

(h)/(4x I)

1469 1.000) /(4205000000

3860010 -80.60)

= 0.2966 m -1
Modulus of subgrade reaction
h=

Kh is the average of
the range from the
excavation level to1/
Passive lateral pressure bearing width of earth retaining wall
= 1.000 m
1469 kN/m 3

Elastic modulus of earth retaining wall

=205000000 kN/m 2
Moment of inertia of earth retaining wall
x= 3860010 -8 m 4 /m
Efficiency of moment of inertia of area
I =0.60
Penetration depth of earth retaining wall
d=2/= 6.744 m
Virtual support of earth retaining wall
p=1/+=

7.472 m

Precautions for construction method

When the auger method, etc. is applied, the displacement is larger than the
calculated value. Accordingly,pile-tip protection is required.

P-4
3-2 Examination of boiling
Calculate on the basis of Terzaghi-Peck's theory.At end of final excavation

Water head difference = 2.60 m

a=

Penetration depth d= 3.100 m

Excess pore water

pressure curve

Consider the balance of a soil column having width of d/2

and depth of Ld at the penetration toe end.
Weight of soil column

1
d(ii') =
2

1
3.100 15.60
2

= 24.18 kN/m
Excess pore water pressure =

1
daw =
2

1
3.100 1.30010.0
2

= 20.15 kN/m
i :Soil layer thickness(m)
i':Satulated unit weight of soil (kN/m3 )
w :Unit weight of water
(kN/m3 )
NO.
1
2

Depth
(GL-m)
4.100 7.100
7.100 7.200

i
(m)
3.000
0.100

Safety factor:s=/= 1.20

i'
(kN/m 3 )
5.00
6.00
1.20

ii'
(kN/m 2 )
15.00
15.60
-OK-

If the average value of i=d and i' is ',the above examination

formula matches up with the calculation formula when s=2'd/(w)

P-5
3-3 Examination of heaving
Calculate by using the method presented by Architectural Institute of Japan.
Sliding moment
d=/2=(+t) 2 /2 kNm/m
q
Shear resisting moment of ground
r= ud=u' kNm/m
u':Shear resistance on sliding plane

u: Shear strength
of ground

Rear side
Depth
No.
GL-(m)
1 0.000 1.300
2 1.300 1.500
3 1.500 2.500
4 2.500 4.100
5 4.100 4.103

Shear resistance caused by cohesion:u'c==2(/360)

:Cohesion of each sliding plane (kN/m 2 )
:Length of arc of each sliding plane (m)
:Radius of arc (m)
:Angle of each sliding plane ()
Shear resistance caused by internal friction angle:u'=tan
:Vertical force of each sliding plane (kN/m)
:Internal friction angle of each sliding plane ()

Excavation depth = 4.100 m

Radius of arc
= 0.003 m
Penetration depth d= 0.003 m
t
(kN/m 3 )
17.0
16.0
16.0
15.0
-----

n(Layer
thickness) tn
2

(m)
1.300
0.200
1.000
1.600
-----

(kN/m )
22.10
3.20
16.00
24.00
-----

Surcharge
= 15.00 kN/m 2
2nd Surcharge
2= 0.00 kN/m 2
Surcharge on excavation side
p= 0.00 kN/m 2

()
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
90.00

u'c
u'
(kN/m 2 ) (kN/m) (kN/m)
0.0
0.00
0.00
15.0
0.00
0.00
15.0
0.00
0.00
10.0
0.00
0.00
10.0
0.05
0.00
Total:
0.05
0.00

Excavation side
Depth

u'c
u'
No.
GL-(m)
()
(kN/m 2 ) (kN/m) (kN/m)
1 4.100 4.103 90.00 10.0
0.05
0.00
Total:
0.05
0.00

C
L

Sliding moment
All values are based on the wet unit weight.
From 0.0 4.100m on the rear side, tn= 65.30 kN/m 2
d=(+t)2 /2 =( 15.00+ 65.30) 0.003 2 /2 =
0.00 kNm/m
Shear resisting moment of ground
From shear resistance on rear side and excavation side.
r=u'=(u'c+u')= 0.003(
0.09+
0.00)=

0.00 kNm/m

Safety factor: s=r/d= 0.78 0.00 -OKb

=
=

Wn

h2

h1

Excavation side
u=tan=nsinntan
n
n nsinn tan u'
No.(m)
(m) (kN/m)
()
(kN/m)
()
(kN/m)
2 0.003 0.002
0.00 135.00
0.00 0 0.000
0.00

The basis of u' is as follows.

Rear side
u=tan=nsinntan
n
n nsinn tan u'
No.(m)
(m) (kN/m)
()
(kN/m)
()
(kN/m)
1 0.003 4.101
0.16 45.00
0.12 0 0.000
0.00

P-6
b

A1

A2

n
N
n

Wn

:Angle from horizontal line on

rear side to point of interest

12:Area of lump of earth

:Length of split piece

12:Length of split piece of

each soil layer

Weight of split piece

n=11+22+
=(11+22+)
Design cross section
R=

3
3

= 15.00 kN/m

4100

5.00
0

1300

17.0

25

200

16.0

1000

6.0

1600

5.0

5.0

P-7
4.Examination of earth retaining wall
Use the triangular distribution formula shown in (Recommendation for Design and
Construction Practice of Earth Retaining for Excavation)presented by Architectural
Institute of Japan.
4-1 Lateral pressure distribution diagram
Design lateral pressure
Decide the wet unit weight by the soil parameters explained in the outline of design.
The lateral pressure distribution diagram shows the lateral pressure per meter.

q1= 15.00 kN/m2

8.55

GL

6.09)

(kN/m 3)

1.300
21.15 ( 15.06)
22.97 (( 10.30)
21.15
7.10)
22.97 ( 10.30)

GL- 1.500 m

0.200

0.57

17.000

0.57

16.000

0.57

15.000

1.000

4.100
32.09 ( 26.30)
32.09 ( 36.30)

1.600
GL- 4.100 m
Final excavation level

45.77

( 60.30)

Employed lateral pressure =(+t) kN/m2

Value in( )is Rankine's earth pressure + water pressure.

P-8
Excavation depth = 4.100 m
Surcharge

15.00 kN/m

Modulus of subgrade reaction

Passive lateral pressure bearing width
of earth retaining wall
Elastic modulus of steel material
Moment of inertia of earth retaining wall

h=

1469 kN/m 3

= 1.000 m
= 205000000 kN/m 2
x= 38600.010 -8 m 4/m

Efficiency of moment of inertia of area I = 0.60

Kh is the average of
the range from the
excavation level to1/
max=186.66 mm

GL

8.55
21.15

4.100

P= 113.54 kN

GL- 1.500 m

32.09

h= 1.592 m
GL- 4.100 m

45.77

Calculate the penetration depth as a self-standing pile according to ..hang's theory.

Characteristic value of earth retaining wall
= 4 (h)(x I ) = 0.2966 m -1
Maximum bending moment

max=
(1+2h) 2 +1 exp(-tan -1
2
113.54
20.2966

=260.21 kNm

1
)
1+2h

Angles are indicated by radian.

(1+20.2966 1.592) 2 +1 exp(-tan -1

1
)
1+20.2966 1.592

Occurrence position of maximum bending moment (GL-m)

1
1
1
1
m =
tan -1 (
)+=
tan -1 (
)+ 4.100

1+2h
0.2966
1+20.2966 1.592

= 5.702 m

Displacement of pile head(at ground surface)

(1+h)3 +1/2
(1+h) 2
max={
(-h)}1000
3 +
3x I
2xI 2

= 113.54{
+

(1+0.2966 1.592) 3 +1/2

3205000000 38600.010 -8 0.600.2966 3

(1+0.2966 1.592) 2
( 4.100- 1.592)}1000
2205000000 38600.010 -8 0.600.2966 2

=186.66 mm

Displacement of excavation level

1+h
1+0.2966 1.592
0 =
1000= 113.54
1000
2xI 3
2205000000 38600.010 -8 0.600.2966 3

= 67.48 mm

P-9
4-2 Check of stress
Member name : SP-4
=

2270000 mm 3/m

Section modulus

Efficiency of section modulus

Z = 0.80

Moment of inertia of area

x = 386000000 mm 4/m

Efficiency of moment of inertia of area I = 0.60

Elastic modulus of steel material
Maximum bending moment
Bending stress

205000 N/mm

max= 260.21 kNm/m

b =

=
Z

143

N/mm 2 225N/mm

-OK-