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Week 4 - Rheological Fluid Properties DR - Yee 2
Week 4 - Rheological Fluid Properties DR - Yee 2
Week 4 - Rheological Fluid Properties DR - Yee 2
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Classification of Petroleum
Paraffinic base
Mixed base or Intermediate
Naphthenic base (asphaltic base)
Residue containing
>5% paraffins Paraffinic
2% - 5% paraffins Intermediate
<5% paraffins Naphthenic
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API Gravity
Correlation Index
TB Boiling point
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Distillation Characteristics
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Rheological Parameters
Shear Stress
Shear rate
Viscosity
Yield Stress
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w = F/A
*Pressure = Force/Area
So, Force = Pressure*Area
And, Area of a circle =
=0
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Shear rate
Consider 2 parallel planes of
area A.
Separated by distance dr and
space between filled with
fluid.
Lower end fixed.
A small Force F is given to
upper plane give velocity dU
in direction of force.
Rate of shear = the difference in velocity between liquid flows close to the pipe
wall and in the middle of the pipe, divided by the relative distance
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Viscosity,
Ability of fluid to flow
Ratio of shear stress and rate of shear
Shear stress shear rate
Hagen-Poiseuille equation
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Yield Stress
Ability of fluid to restart its flow after
shutdown of transportation system.
i.e. shear stress required to initiate flow.
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NonNewtonian
fluids
Purely
viscous
fluids
Time
Dependent
Thixotropic
Newtonian
fluids
Viscoelastic
fluids
Time
independent
Rheopectic
Pseudo
plastic
Dialtent
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Bingham
plastic
Newtonian Fluids
Fluid whose viscosity is
independent of rate of
shear.
A fluid which obeys
Newton's law of viscosity
i.e., is called Newtonian
fluid. In such fluids shear
stress varies directly as
shear strain.
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Non-Newtonian Fluids
Fluid whose viscosity is
dependent of rate of
shear.
A fluid which does not
obey Newtons law of
viscosity is called nonNewton fluid.
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Time independent
Non-Newtonian Fluids
Shear stress at any rate of
shear is constant with time.
In this case the strain starts
after certain initial stress (t 0)
and then the stress-strain
relationship will be
linear. t 0 is called initial
yield stress. Sometimes they
are also called Binghams
Plastics.
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Time independent
Non-Newtonian Fluids - Thixotropic fluids
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An introduction to Rheology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmiII_XwIJY
Refinery Crude Oil Distillation Process
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYnGgre83CI
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