REZUMAT

Lucrarea de fata cuprinde lista lucrarilor

de laborator realizate in timpul
semestrului la disciplina Dezvoltare
Durabila.

LISTA
LUCRARILOR
DE
LABORATOR
Dezvoltare Durabila

Student: Anton Valeria

Anul II Grupa: IPMI 17631
Universitatea TransilvaniaBrasov
Fac. Design de
Produs si Mediu
Spec. Ingineria si Protectia
Mediului in Industrie

Titlul cursului:Dezvoltare
Durabila
Coordonator lucrari: Cotorcea
Alexandru

TEMA 1: Conceptul de dezvoltare durabila

(Sustainable Development)
1.Identificati 5 definitii pentru termenul dezvoltare
a)DEZVOLTRE Aciunea de a (se) dezvolta i rezultatul ei. V. Dezvolta [1]
b) The process of economic and social transformation that is based on complex cultural
and environmental factors and their interactions.[2]
c) The systematic use of scientific and technical knowledge to meet
specific objectives or requirements.[2]
d) The act or process of growing or causing something to grow or become larger or more
advanced
e) The process of developing or being developed
2.Identificati 5 definitii pentru termenul durabil
a) DURBIL, -, durabili, -e, adj. Care dureaz (de) mult timp; trainic, rezistent; viabil.
Din fr. durable, lat. durabilis. [1]
b) continuitate,longevitate,trinicie,soliditate,perenitate,permanen,persisten,rezisten,trie,(nvechit i regional) statornicie, (nvechit) nestrmutare,viabilitate.[5]
c) Capable of being sustained.[6]
d) Capable of being continued with minimal long-term effect on the environment:[6]
e) pertaining to a system that maintains its own viability by usingtechniques that allow for cont
inual reuse
3.Identificati 10 definitii ale conceptului de dezvoltare durabila
a) Dezvoltarea durabil este dezvoltarea care urmrete satisfacerea nevoile prezentului,
fr a compromite posibilitatea generaiilor viitoare de a-i satisface propriile nevoi.[8]
b) Sustainable development is a road-map, an action plan, for achieving sustainability in
any activity that uses resources and where immediate and intergenerational replication is
demanded. Sustainable development coincides with further economic growth and human
development in the developed economy (and society) for finding the means of continual
development beyond economic development. As such, sustainable development is
the organizing principle for sustaining finite resources necessary to provide for the needs
of future generations of life on the planet. It is a process that envisions a desirable future
state for human societies in which living conditions and resource-use continue to meet
human needs without undermining the "integrity, stability and beauty" of naturalbiotic
systems. [9]

c) Dezvoltarea durabil reprezint realizarea unei caliti mai bune a vieii n prezent fr
a compromite ansa generaiilor viitoare la un trai ct mai bun. Aceasta nseamn

d)

e)

f)

g)

h)

i)

j)

realizarea unui echilibru ntre dezvoltarea economic, cea social i protecia mediului
nconjurtor.[10]
Dezvoltarea durabila este acel proces de dezvoltare care raspunde nevoilor actuale fara a
periclita capacitatea generatiilor viitoare de a raspunde propriilor lor nevoi. [.....] Pentru
ca dezideratul dezvoltarii durabile sa poata fi atins, protectia mediului va constitui parte
integrata a procesului de dezvoltare si nu poate fi abordata indepedent de acesta.[11]
Prin urmare, pot spune ca pamantul apartine fiecarei generatii pe durata existentei sale,
care i se cuvine pe deplin si in intregime, nici o generatie nu poate face datorii mai mari
decat pot fi platite pe durata propriei existente- Thomas Jefferson, 6 Septembrie , 1789
[12]
Durabilitatea se refera la capacitatea unei societati, ecosistem, sau orice asemenea
sistem existent de a functiona continuu intr-un viitor nedefinit fara a ajunge la epuizarea
resurselor cheie- Robert Gilman, Presedinte Institutului Context. [12]
Un efort de sustinere a comunitatii consta in adoptarea unor sisteme pe termen lung,
integrate, de dezvoltare si realizare a unei comunitati viabile prin luarea in considerare a
problememlor economice, de mediu si sociale. Alte elemente importante ale unor astfel
de eforturi sunt cultivarea unei semnificatii categorice comunitatii si faurirea de
parteneriate si intelegeri intre mandatari.
Punctul de concentrare si marimea eforturilor durabilitatii depind de conditiile locale,
inclusiv de resurse, actiuni politice, individuale si de trasaturile remarcabile ale
comunitatii. Demersurile pentru sustinerea comunitatilor au fost aplicate chestiunilor
privind expansiunea urbana, inner-city si redezvoltarea terenurilor brune, dezvoltarea si
progresul economic, conducerea (administrarea) ecosistemului, agriculturii, biodiversity,
cladiri ecologice, conservarea energiei, watershed management, si prevenirea
poluarii.Multe dintre aceste chestiuni si alte asemenea probleme ale comunitatii nu pot fi
abordate cu usurinta prin moduri sau elemnte traditionale in societatea noastra.
Multi oameni considera ca este mai bine ca astfel de probleme sa fie tratate prin metode
de abordare mai cooperante si holistice, deoarece asemenea problemem sunt confuze,
multidisciplinare, multiorganizationale, cu mize multiple si multisectoriale in natura lor
Beth E. Lachman, Critical Technologies Institute, Linking Sustainable Community
Activities to Pollution Prevention: A Sourcebook, April 1997.
"Sustainable Development is positive change which does not undermine the
environmental or social systems on which we depend. It requires a coordinated approach
to planning and policy making that involves public participation. Its success depends on
widespread understanding of the critical relationship between people and their
environment and the will to make necessary changes."- Hamilton Wentworth Regional
Council

4. Definiti conceptul de dezvoltare durabila pe baza enunturilor precedente.

Dezvoltarea durabil este dezvoltarea care urmrete satisfacerea nevoile prezentului, fr

a compromite posibilitatea generaiilor viitoare de a-i satisface propriile nevoi.

TEMA 2: Emisii de gaze cu efect de ser

(Greenhouse Gases - GHG)

1. Identificai cte un exemplu de pondere a GHG n funcie de sectorul n care sunt generate n
3 ri.
Figura[1]

Graficul de mai sus reprezinta totalul emisiilor de gaze cu efect de ser in sectorul
de transporturi in Bulgaria, Luxemburg si United Kingdom intre anii 2005-2012.

2. Identificati cate un exempul de evolutie a emisiilor de GHG generate in ultimii 20-30 de ani
in 3 tari.

Figura [2]

Graficul de mai sus reprezinta emisiile de gaze cu efect de sera in sectorul de

transport in Bulgaria, Luxemburg si United Kingdom in ultimii 20-30 de ani.

3. Identificati cate un exemplu de prognoza a evolutiei emisiilor a GHG pentru urmatorii 2030 de ani.

Figura[3]

According to the Department of Energy's (DOE) Energy Information Administration (EIA),

after China and the United States, among major polluters only India is expected to have
significant growth of emissions over the next 20 years.

Tema 3. Modele de dezvoltare durabila

(Sustainable Development Models)

1.Identificai 5 modele de dezvoltare durabil.

Figura [1] - The complex interactions among the different dimensions of sustainable development

Figura [2]- Rethinking Sustainable Development in terms of Commons

Figura [3]- Sustainable Development Model

Figura [4]-Plan de dezvoltare durabila

Figura [5]-Sustainable Development Model

2.Detaliai 3 din cele 5 modele de dezvoltare durabil identificate.

Figure 1 shows the various fundamental dimensions of the sustainable

development paradigm which relies on a wide spectrum of
disciplines.

[1]

The core of mainstream sustainability thinking has become the idea

of three dimensions, environmental, social and economic
sustainability. These have been drawn in a variety of ways, as
pillars (Figure A), as concentric circles (Figure B), or as
interlocking circles (Figure C). The IUCN uses the interlocking
circles model to demonstrate that the three objectives need to be
better integrated, with action to redress the balance between
dimensions of sustainability.

[2]

The six goals

The new set of goals thriving lives and livelihoods, food security,
water security, clean energy, healthy and productive ecosystems, and
governance for sustainable societies- aim to resolve this conflict. The
targets beneath each goal include updates and expanded targets under the
MDGs, including ending poverty and hunger, combating HIV/aids, and
improving maternal and child health.

[4]
But also a set of planetary "must haves": climate stability, reducing biodiversity loss, protection of
ecosystem services, a healthy water cycle and oceans, sustainable nitrogen and phosphorus use,
clean air and sustainable material use.
Co-author Dr. Mark Stafford Smith, science director of CSIRO's climate adaptation research
programme in Australia says:
"The key point is that the SDGs must genuinely add up to sustainability. The SDGs have the
potential to lock in the spectacular gains on human development that we have achieved in the past
two decades and help the global transition to a sustainable lifestyle. But the link between these two
aims must be more coherent".

Tema 4. Economie durabil (Sustainable

Economy)

Gsii cte un exemplu reprezentativ din punct de vedere al conceptului de energie durabil
pentru:
1. Industrie durabil (Sustainable Industry)
a. o companie din sectorul extraciei de materii prime;

Eurolemn Trans - Exploatare resurse minerale - carbune

b. o companie din sectorul prelucrrii (construciei de maini, mobilei, chimiei, alimentar
etc.);

Agropower Energy-masini de balotat paie pe camp

c. o companie din domeniul valorificrii deeurilor.

3 companii din Romania au lansat un program de reciclare

2. Transport durabil (Sustainable Transport)
a. velo (infrastructur, surs de energie, mijloc de transport);

Toole Design Chosen to Launch Philadelphia Bike Share

b. auto (infrastructur, surs de energie, mijloc de transport);

Electric car
c. feroviar (infrastructur, surs de energie, mijloc de transport);

Italo, noul tren italian de mare vitez al celor de la Ferrari

d. aerian (infrastructur, surs de energie, mijloc de transport);

NASA Pathfinder Plus-avionul care foloseste energia solara

e. maritim (infrastructur, surs de energie, mijloc de transport).

Fabulos! Incredibilul Magdeburg - Pod de Apa din Germania

3. Agricultura durabil (Sustainable Agriculture)

a. culturi rapid cresctoare

Paulownia Europa - Totul despre Paulownia

Paulownia este un arbore cu frunze cazatoare, avnd un ritm de crestere foarte ridicat n conditii
favorabile si un ciclu de rotatie scurt.
b. culturi pentru bio-diesel

Romnia, printre campioanele europene la producia de rapita

c. culturi pentru bio-etanol

bioetanol | Green Report

d. culturi pentru bio-kerosen

Camelina

e. valorificarea deeurilor agricole (resturi vegetale, dejecii animale)

Cum s faci biogaz la tine in curte

4. Mediu construit durabil (Sustainable Built Environment)

a. consumul de energie n mediul construit comparativ cu alte sectoare de activitate
(industrie, transport etc.) n 3 ri

Energy consuption in the United States

b. produs pentru diminuarea risipei de ap

Baterii de chiuveta pe senzori

c. produs pentru diminuarea risipei de energie electric

PROIECTOR LED CU SENZOR DE MISCARE

d. produs pentru diminuarea risipei de energie termic

ROBINETI CALORIFERE | Cap termostatic Heimeier

e. produs cu eficien energetic ridicat

Bec cu eficienta energetica mare- Deputaii europeni susin

ameliorarea eficienei energetice
f. produs inteligent

Incarcator inteligent OPUS

Tema 5. Sisteme de conversie a surselor

regenerabile de energie (Renewable Energy
Systems)

Identificai cte un exemplu concret de sistem de conversie a surselor de energii regenerabile

implementat in Romania pentru:

1. Sistem de conversie a energiei solare n energie termic (sistem solar termic solar thermal
system)

Sistem solar-termic -Figura[1]

2. Sistem de conversie a energiei geotermice n energie termic (sistem cu pompa de cldur
heat pump system)

Pompa de caldura in Romania -Figura[2]

3. Sistem de conversie a biomasei n energie termic (sistem bazat pe biomas biomass system)

Centrala pe biomasa-Covasna -Figura[3]

4. Sistem de conversie a energiei solare n energie electric (sistem fotovoltaic photovoltaic
system)

Parc fotovoltaic Ucea -Figura[4]

5. Sistem de conversie a energiei vntului n energie electric (sistem eolian wind turbine
system)

Sisteme Eoliene montate in Romania-Dobrogea -Figura[5]

6. Sistem de conversie a energiei apei n energie electric (sistem micro-hidro micro-hidro

system)
Pentru fiecare sistem identificat trebuie specificat locaia de implementare, prezentat o poz
n care s se vad sistemul implementat i enumerate caracteristicile tehnice ale sistemului.

Micro-hidrocentrala Roman

-Figura[6]

Tema 6. Comuniti durabile (Sustainable

comunity)
1. Gsii 3 definiii pentru comunitate durabil.
a) The term sustainable communities has various definitions, but in essence refers to
communities planned, built, or modified to promote sustainable living. Sustainable
communities tend to focus on environmental and economic sustainability, urban
infrastructure, social equity, and municipal government. The term is sometimes used
synonymously with green cities, eco-communities, livable cities and sustainable
cities.[1]
b) A sustainable community is one that is economically, environmentally, and socially healthy
and resilient. It meets challenges through integrated solutions rather than through
fragmented approaches that meet one of those goals at the expense of the others. And it
takes a long-term perspective one thats focused on both the present and future, well
beyond the next budget or election cycle.[2]
c) "In a sustainable community, resource consumption is
balanced by resources assimilated by the ecosystem. The sustainability of a community is
largely determined by the web of resources providing its food, fiber, water, and energy needs
and by the ability of natural systems to process its wastes. A community is unsustainable if it
consumes resources faster than they can be renewed, produces more wastes than natural
systems can process or relies upon distant sources for its basic needs."[3]
2. Identificai 3 comuniti durabile la nivel global.

Figura1:TheOld Stone House

Washington Park [4]

Figura 2:Lagoswatta, the first ecovillage in Sri Lanka. Photo:

Sarvodaya Shramadana [6]

Figura 3: San-neo-ul, the first ecovillage in Korea. Photo: Ejang. [6]

3. Prezentai n detaliu unul dintre exemplele gsite (mrime comunitate: populaie, suprafaa,
numr de locuine, sisteme de energii regenerabile utilizate pentru producerea de energie
electric i/sau termic, infrastructura i mijloace de transport utilizate, managementul
deeurilor etc.)

Dr. Vinya Ariyaratne, Director of

theSarvodaya Shramadana the largest people's
self-help organization in Sri Lanka, talked
about Buddhist philosophy and community
action in the Sarvodaya movement, which
now has 15,000 villages in its network. He
described the first ecovillage project in Sri
Lanka, Lagoswatta Ecovillage, which was
begun by Sarvodaya and a coalition of
overseas aid organizations to create new
homes for people made homeless by the
tsunami in 2004. Lagoswatta Ecovillage, completed in 2006, consists of 57 small, passive solarcooled, earth-brick homes with solar panels electricity, a community center, and rainwater
catchment tanks. The project is so successful in Sri Lanka that residents of many traditional villages
and architects are taking notice.

4. Ce msuri identificate pot fi aplicate pentru ca zona Braov s devin o comunitate durabil?
Incurajarea cetatenilor de a-si schimba mentalitatea si stilul de viata cat si implementarea
sistemelor de energii regenerabile si a modalitatilor de a micsora consumul si pierderile de
energie in mediul deja construit,dar mai ales in cel care se construieste acum, ar avea ca
rezultat un Brasov durabil.

BIBLIOGRAFIE:
Tema 1
1. DEX '09 (2009)
2. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/development.html
3. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/development
4. https://translate.google.ro/#en/ro/development
5. http://dex.dictoo.eu/index.php?cheie=durabil%2C&#.VOxrAHysX0A
6. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/sustainable
7. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/sustainable
8. Comisia Mondial pentru Mediu i Dezvoltare (WCED) n raportul "Viitorul nostru comun"
9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development
10. http://www.primariahalchiu.ro/dezv_durabila/dezv-durabila.html
11. Declaratia asupra Mediului si Dezvoltarii, Rio de Janeiro, 1992
12. http://www.ecomagazin.ro/definitii-si-principiile-dezvoltarii-durabile/
13. http://www.sustainablemeasures.com/node/36
Tema 2
1. http://dexonline.ro/lexem/dezvoltare/66326
2. http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dezvoltare_%28dezambiguizare%29
3. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/development
4. http://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/development
5. http://dexonline.ro/definitie/durabil
6. http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/
7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development
8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development
9. http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dezvoltare_durabil%C4%83
10. http://www.thesustainableleader.org/sustainable-development/
11. Comisia Natiunilor Unite pentru Mediul Inconjurator si Dezvoltare
12. http://biblioteca.regielive.ro/cursuri/ecologie/dezvoltare-durabila-alte-domenii-62315.html
13. http://ro.scribd.com/doc/75510892/Dezvoltare-Durabila-Ecologie-p3#scribd
14. http://www.sustainabledevelopmentinfo.com/the-definition-of-sustainable-development/
15. http://www.gdrc.org/sustdev/definitions.html
16. http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/pages/what-is-sustainable-development.html

Tema 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

http://www.eolss.com/eolss/5a.htm
http://www.socialwatch.org/node/12477
https://www.google.ro/search?q=sustainability+model
https://inezko.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/sustainable1.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability

Tema 5
1. [1] http://pompedecaldura2005.ro/echipamente/panouri-solare-termic/
2. [2] http://www.csrmedia.ro/gorenje-a-dotat-manastirea-parepa-cu-panouri-solare-si-pompade-caldura/
3. [3] http://stiri.covasnamedia.ro/2014/10/21/proiect-pilot-de-incalzire-cu-biomasa-cofinantatdin-fonduri-norvegiene/
4. [4] http://www.bizbrasov.ro/2012/10/04/cehii-de-la-bio-volt-fac-un-parc-fotovoltaic-la-ucea/
5. [5] http://www.zf.ro/zf-24/romania-locul-10-in-lume- [6] http://zch.ro/microhidrocentralaroman-porneste-astazi/

Tema 6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

[1]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_community
[2] http://www.iscvt.org/impact/definition-sustainable-community/
[3] http://www.oly-wa.us/SustainSouthSound/
[4]https://ecovillagemovementnyc.wordpress.com/
[6]http://www.ecovillagenews.org/wiki/index.php/Japanese_Ecovillage_Conference,_20
09