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Exp1 Simple and Fractional Distillation
Exp1 Simple and Fractional Distillation
Exp1 Simple and Fractional Distillation
ABSTRACT
Distillation is one of the oldest and still most common methods for both the
purification and the identification of organic liquids. It is a physical process used to
separate chemicals from a mixture by the difference in how easily they vaporize. The
experiment used the Simple Distillation Method to separate the components of 30 mL
alcohol (vodka) and water. The distillate was collected with the aid of a calibrated test
tube (0.5 mL) until it reaches the temperature of 99 C. Also, the first, second and last
distillate were used for testing the presence of alcohol. Throughout the process, there is a
directly proportional relationship between the volume and temperature of the distillate. In
the flammability test, the first and second distillate shows the presence of alcohol while
the last one is not flammable at all. With the records obtained, a graph between the
volume and temperature of distillate was plotted and the percentage of alcohol and
percentage loss were also computed. Thus, simple distillation is not a so much complex
process of extraction and purifying liquids. Heating and vaporization are just the 2 major
process used to separate the components of alcohol (vodka) and water.
2
evaporation. It is a process of purifying
fractional.
is
Fractional
distillation
following
are
the
objectives
to
be
boiling
point
vaporizes
first
the
distillation.
METHODOLOGY
3
of 99 C. The first, second and last
distillate were used to test its flammability
in a watch glass. The distilling flask was
cooled and the volume of the residue was
recorded. The volume and the temperature
19
20
21
22
23
24
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
96
96
97
98
98
99
were
computed.
On
the
computed.
VOLUM
TEMPERATUR
TUBE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
(mL)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
(C)
83
84
84
84
84
85
87
88
88
89
90
91
92
92
93
94
95
95
Distillate
First
Second
Last
Flame Test
+
+
-
5
showing that there they are directly
Figure 2. Graph of Temperature and
Volume of Distillate
CALCULATIONS
= 12.0 - 0 x 100
30
distillation.
At
any
given
= 40 % alcohol
%loss = Vs - (Vd + Vr) x 100
Vs
30
= 20 % loss
CONCLUSION
6
In the experiment, it was fairly
observed the fact that the process of
REFERENCES
much
different
except
for
the
distillation
gives
better
liquid
can
condense,
re-
10
11
12