Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hospital Administration
Hospital Administration
quality
Accreditation
Accreditation is an external review of quality with four principal components.
1. It is based on written and published standards.
2. Reviews are carried by professional peers.
3. The accreditation process is administered by independent body.
4. The aim of accreditation is to encourage organisational development.
NABH Accreditation
1. Establishment of protocols and policies as per National/International
Standards for patient care, medication management, consent process,
patient safety, medical records, infection control and staffing.
2. Commitment to create a culture of quality, patient safety, efficiency
and accountability towards patient care.
3. Patient are treated with respect and dignity at all times.
4. Patients are treated by qualified and trained staff.
5. Transparency in billing and availability of tariff list.
Operations Management & Legal Aspects in Hospitals
2
Systems (IMS)
TOTAL
100
503
the same.
All objective elements are In JCI not all objective elements are
mandatory in NABH, making mandatory.
it tougher to achieve.
The domain areas of the standards for both NABH and JCI are also
same. Thus a comparative analysis shows that NABH standard is at
par with JCI and other international standards.
JCIA, NABH is technically better as there are standards for small
hospitals also released by NABH which can be used by smaller
hospitals. We can do either of the standards or both.
NABH and JCI is not the driving force to attract more patients. It is
the adherence to JCIA and NABH standards, process compliance as a
result, training of doctors, nurses and all staff of the hospital which
leads to the quality process compliance which results in better
patient satisfaction. It is not necessary to have NABH to satisfy
above mentioned quality aspects, but NABH gives a ready-made
guidelines, which is at par with the best in the world.
Structure of QCI
The society is governing by a Council comprising of 38 members, and has an
equal representation of Government, Industry and other stakeholders. The
Council is the apex level body responsible for formulating the strategy,
general policy, constitution and monitoring of various components of QCI
including the accreditation boards with objective to ensure transparent and
credible accreditation system.
The Council through a Governing Body monitors the progress of activities
and appeal mechanisms set by the respective boards. QCI functions through
the executive bodies (boards/committees) that implement the strategy,
policy and operational guidance set by the Quality Council of India with a
view to achieve international acceptance and recognition of various
programs offered by the Boards. Each board has a Chairman nominated by
the Chairman, QCI and comprises of representatives volunteer group of
stakeholders who guide and monitor the activities and progress of the
respective boards.
Council
Governing Body
Secretariat
Accreditation
Boards
National
Accreditation
Board for
Certification
Bodies(NABCB)
National
Accreditation
Board for
Education and
Training(NABET)
National
Accreditation
Board for
Hospitals and
Healthcare
Providers
National
Accreditation
Board for Testing
and Calibration
Laboratories
Quality Promotion
Quality
Information and
Enquiry Service
Health Insurance
Health insurance in India is popularly known as mediclaim .PSU health
insurance companies have named basic health insurance companies also
provide health insurance products .There are few health insurance
companies in India whom IRDA has issued license for providing only health
insurance products .There are total 24 companies providing health insurance
in India.
Non-life Insurance Companies in India (Mediclaim
Companies in India)
1. Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Co. Ltd
2. Bharti AXA General Insurance Co. Ltd
3. Cholamandalam MS General Insurance Co. Ltd
4. Future General India Insurance Co. Ltd
5. HDFC ERGO General Insurance Co. Ltd
6. ICICI Lombard General Insurance Co. Ltd
7. IFFCO Tokio General Insurance Co. Ltd
8. L & T General Insurance Co. Ltd
9. Liberty Videocon General Insurance
10.
National Insurance Co. Ltd
11.
Raheja QBE General Insurance Co. Ltd
12.
Reliance General Insurance Co. Ltd
13.
Royal Sundaram Alliance Insurance Co. Ltd
14.
SBI General Insurance Co. Ltd
15.
Shriram General Insurance Co. Ltd
16.
Tata AIG General Insurance Co. Ltd
17.
The New India Assurance Co. Ltd
18.
The Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd
19.
United India Insurance Co. Ltd
20.
Universal Sompo General Insurance Co. Ltd
Insurance
Organization of ECHS
The ECHS Central Organization is located at Delhi and functions under the
Chief of Staff Committee (COSC) through AG and DGDC & W in Army HQ. The
Central Organization is headed by Managing Director, ECHS, a serving Major
General. There are 28 regional centres and 426 ECHS Polyclinics. There are
five types of ECHS polyclinics i.e., Type A, B, C, D and E. Authorization
of contractual staff in each type of ECHS polyclinic is based on the load
capacity of ECHS polyclinic.
The existing Command and Control Structure of the Army, Navy and Air Force
have been given the Administrative and financial powers to run this
scheme .Station commanders will exercise direct control over the ECHS
polyclinics Regional Centre ECHS and ECHS Cell, Station Headquarters will be
able to clarify and doubts that you may have on ECHS. Regional centres
ECHS are under command HQ/ Area HQ .Central Org ECHS functions as part
of AGs Branch, Army HQ.
ADVANTAGES OF BECOMING ECHS MEMBER
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
In-Patient treatment
Imaging services
Artificial limbs and aids
Special provisions
Reimbursement
Sickness benefit (SB)
Sickness benefit in the form of cash compensation at the rate of 70 per
cent of wages is payable to insured workers during the periods of
certified sickness for a maximum of 91 days in a year. In order to
qualify for sickness benefit the insured worker is required to contribute
for 78 days in a contribution period of 6 months.
Extended sickness benefit (ESB)
SB extendable upto two years in the case of malignant and longterm diseases at an enhanced rate of 80 per cent of wages.
Enhanced sickness benefit
Enhanced sickness benefit equal to full wage is payable to
insured persons undergoing sterilization for 7 days/14 days for
males and female workers respectively.
Maternity benefit (MB)
maternity benefit for confinement/pregnancy is payable for three
months, which is extendable by further one month on medical advice
at the rate of full wage subject to contribution for 70 days in the
preceding year.
Disablement benefit
Temporary disablement benefit (TDB)
From day one of entering insurable employment and irrespective
of having paid any contribution in case of employment injury.
Temporary disablement benefit at the rate of 90% of wage is
payable so long as disability continues.
Permanent disablement benefit (PDB)
The benefit is paid at the rate of 90% of wage in the form of
monthly payment depending upon the extent of loss of earning
capacity as certified by a Medical Board.
Dependants benefit (DB)
DB paid at the rate of 90% of wage in the form of monthly payment to
the dependants of a deceased insured person in cases where death
occurs due to employment injury or occupational hazards.
Other benefits
Funeral expenses
An amount of Rs.10,000/- is payable to the dependants or to the
person who performs last rite from day one of entering insurable
employment.
Confinement expenses
Healthcare Waste
Description and examples
Waste suspected to contain pathogens. Eg. Laboratory
cultures; waste from isolation wards; tissues (swabs),
materials, or equipments that have been in contact with
infected patients; excreta.
Pathological
Human tissues or fluids, Eg. Body parts; blood and
waste
other body fluids; fetuses.
Sharps
Sharp waste. Eg. Needles; infusion sets; scalpels;
knives; blades; broken glass
Pharmaceutical Waste containing pharmaceuticals Eg. Pharmaceuticals
waste
that are expired or no longer needed; items
contaminated by or containing pharmaceuticals
(bottles, boxes)
Genotoxic
Waste containing substances with Genotoxic properties.
waste
Eg. Waste containing cytostatic drugs (often used in
cancer therapy); Genotoxic chemicals
Chemical waste Waste containing chemical substances. Eg. Laboratory
reagents; film developer; disinfectants that are expired
Operations Management & Legal Aspects in Hospitals
17
collection
Segregation
T
ransportation
storage
and
T
reatment and
disposal
T
ransport to final
disposal site
Final
disposal
As of today, IMAGE covers the nook and corner of the state ensuring prompt
collection of biomedical waste through a highly efficient logistics network
which when combined with the assemblage of most modern treatment and
disposal mechanisms ensure scientific transportation, treatment and
disposal. About 4500 health care establishments are affiliated to IMAGE. This
amounts to a total bed strength of about 100,000. Presently IMAGE handles
more than 75% of the biomedical waste generated in Kerala.
standard codes of conduct and ethics, their credential are verifiable from the
registering councils and in case of any professional misconduct the council
can take appropriate action against them.
Sl.
Name of the Act
Year
No
1
The Indian Medical Council Act
1956
2
Indian Medical Council (Professional Conduct, Etiquette, and 2002
Ethics Regulations)
3
Indian Medical Degree Act
1916
4
Indian Nursing Council Act
1947
5
Delhi Nursing Council Act
1997
6
The Dentists Act
1948
7
The Dentists Code of Ethics Regulation
1976
8
Dental Council of India Regulation
2006
9
AICTE Rules for Technicians
1987
10
The Paramedical and Physiotherapy Central Councils Bill
2007
11
The Pharmacy Act
1948
12
The Apprenticeship Act
1961
13
Kerala Anatomy Act
1957
14
Karnataka Anatomy Act
1957
Prepared by the learner
health
Year
1886
1954
1890
1912
1994
1996
1897
1994
1995
2003
1987
Laws Governing the Safety of Patients, Public and Staff within the
Hospital Premises
These laws deal with safety of facilities and services against any accidental
hazards that may endanger the lives and the liability of management for any
violation.
Sl.
Name of the Act
Year
No
1
The Radiation Surveillance Procedures for the Medical 1989
Application of Radiation
2
Radiation Protection Rules
1971
3
AERB Safety Code no. AERB/SC/Med-2(rev-1)
2001
Operations Management & Legal Aspects in Hospitals
30
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Arms Act
Boilers Act
Explosive Act (for diesel storage)
Gas Cylinder Rules
NOC from Chief Fire Office
Periodic Fitness Certificate for Operation of Lifts
Prevention of Food Adulteration Act
The Indian Fatal Accidents Act
The Tamil Nadu Medicare Service Persons and Medicare
Service Institutions (prevention of violence and damage or
loss to property) Act
1950
1923
1884
2004
1954
1955
2008
Laws
Some
Sl.
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1995
1920
1982
1982
1962
1961
1938
Conclusion
Everyone should be covered by some form of health insurance. People are
always vulnerable to injury and illnesses from their everyday activities.
Whether it is an individual plan or employer or government-sponsored
coverage, having health insurance is better than not having it at all.
Indian Health Insurance or medical insurance sector has been growing, since
the countrys economic reforms. The reason why mediclaim insurance, has
grown is that it ensures good medical care from reliable healthcare
institutions. With numerous companies offering health insurance and with a
variety of health insurance plans on the offer its hard to decide which plan
you should go for.
Medical wastes should be classified according to their source, typology and
risk factors associated with their handling, storage and ultimate disposal.
The segregation of waste at source is the key step and reduction, reuse and
recycling should be considered in proper perspectives. We need to consider
innovative and radical measures to clean up the distressing picture of lack of
civic concern on the part of hospitals and slackness in government
implementation of bare minimum of rules, as waste generation particularly
biomedical waste imposes increasing direct and indirect costs on society. The
challenge before us, therefore, is to scientifically manage growing quantities
of biomedical waste that go beyond past practices. If we want to protect our
environment and health of community, we must sensitize ourselves to this
important issue not only in the interest of health managers but also in the
interest of community.
References
Books
1. Hamdy. A. Taha, A.M. Natarajan, P. Subramanie, A. Tamilarasi, Operations
Research, 2009, ISBN: 978-81-17-1104-4, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt Ltd.
Licenses of Pearson Education in South Asia
2. S. N. Chary, Production and Operations Management, third edition, 2008,
ISBN: 978-0-00583550-9, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, West
Patel Nagar, New Delhi
3. G. V. Shenoy, U. K. Srivastava, S. C. Sharma, Operations Research for
Management, second edition, 2006, ISBN: 0-85226-917-X, Dharyaganj, New
Delhi- 110051
4. K. Park, Preventive and Social Medicine, 2013, ISBN: 978-93-82219-02-6, M/s
Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers ISBN 978-93-82219-02-6
Websites
1. http://www.cwejournal.org/vol7no1/need-of-biomedical-wastemanagement-system-in-hospitals-an-emerging-issue-a-review/
2. http://nabh.co/faq.aspx
3. https://books.google.co.in/books?
id=txP6AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=nabh+standards+have+
10+chapters+with+100+standards+and+503+objectives&source=bl
&ots=rMEWV5Ee2&sig=TDc1oXgG1PfEgU1BEfcLIzXJKnQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj
XhISVjqbKAhVQWI4KHY87CJ0Q6AEIJzAC#v=onepage&q=nabh
%20standards%20have%2010%20chapters%20with
%20100%20standards%20and%20503%20objectives&f=false
4. http://nabh.co/standard.aspx
5. http://www.jointcommissioninternational.org/
6. www.religarehealthinsurance.com
7. www.apollomunichinsurance.com
8. www.starhealth.in
9. www.maxbupa.com
10.
http://cpcb.nic.in/