Department and Process and Environmental Engineering

Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Laboratory

Hydraulics assignment
488102A Hydrological processes 5 ECTS

Theory questions
1.

Explain the basic liquid properties such as

a. Capillarity
b. Viscosity
c. Vapour pressure
d. Specific weight of water
e. Specific gravity of a fluid
f. Bulk modulus of elasticity

2.

Explain some basic fluid pressure definitions:

a. Absolute and gage pressure
b. Pressure head and velocity head
c. How does fluid pressure change with depth in a water tank?

3.

Explain basic flow properties

a. Turbulence
b. Reynolds number
c. Steady flow
d. Uniform flow

4.

Principles of flow in open channels Froude number in open channel flow and what does it
means (show)?
a. What is meant by critical flow velocity and critical depth?
b. What is specific energy and why is this important?
c. What is subcritical and supercritical flow?
d. What is a hydraulic jump?
e. What is the Manning equation and when can it be used?

5.

Principles of flow measurement

a. How is it done in a river (http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/measureflow.html)?
b. V-notch weirs
c. Flumes
d. Pitot tubes

6.

What are the equations used in solving flow problems and present an example of their use in
pipes
a. Explain the Bernoulli equation of fluid flow
b. Explain the continuity equation
c. Explain the momentum equation (the equation with force)

Calculus exercises
Study book: Giles, Evett and Liu Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics found in the library. Questions
below are supplementary problems from this book. Remember to inform your group number to
Shahram Mohammadighavam (shahram.mohammadighavam@oulu.fi) before your start. Remember
also to mention your group number in the report.
Table 1. Supplementary problems from the study book.
Chapter 7 Fundamentals of Fluid Flow
Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

7.45
7.50
7.60
7.62
7.63
7.65
7.71
7.81
7.88

7.44
7.57
7.60
7.62
7.63
7.68
7.74
7.84
7.89

7.45
7.58
7.60
7.62
7.63
7.69
7.76
7.81
7.90

7.46
7.59
7.60
7.62
7.63
7.70
7.78
7.87
7.91

Chapter 10 Flow in Open Channels

Group 1
10.64
10.68
10.69
10.73
10.74
10.95
10.98
10.99
10.103
10.118

Group 2
10.65
10.68
10.70
10.73
10.75
10.95
10.98
10.100
10.104
10.118

Group 3
10.66
10.68
10.71
10.73
10.76
10.95
10.98
10.101
10.105
10.118

Group 4
10.67
10.68
10.72
10.73
10.77
10.95
10.98
10.102
10.107
10.118

Literature on hydraulics can be found on www and e.g. on these sites (you might
find even better sites)
Hydraulics in general:
http://dspace.lib.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2297/2388/1/TE-COE-ENDO-N-2006.pdf
Bernoulli equation:
http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/tech/fluids/bernoul.htm
Hydraulics theory:
http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/david.d.apsley/lectures.htm
River hydraulics, Publication Number: EM 1110-2-1416 Title: Engineering and Design - River
Hydraulics: http://www.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/em1110-2-1416/toc.htm