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Anjelica's Managing Financial Decisions Final Latest
Anjelica's Managing Financial Decisions Final Latest
Qualification
Unit number, title and level
Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Unit 2: Managing Financial Resources and Decisions
Business (QCF)
Student name and ID number
Priyanthi Fernando(H1504607)
Level : 4
Assessor name
Simon Masuku
Interval Verifier
Alan Jeffery
Date issued
Completion date
Assignment title
LO
Learning
Outcome
Understand
the sources
of finance
LO1
available to
a business
Understand
the
importance
of financial
LO2
planning
and
information
LO3
needs.
Be able to
A Vocational Scenario
In this assessment you will have the
Assessmen
opportunity to present evidence that
t Criteria
shows you are able to:
Identify the sources of finance available
1.1
to a business
Assess the implications of the different
1.2
sources
Evaluate appropriate sources of finance
1.3
for a business project
Analyse the costs of different sources of
2.1
finance
Explain the importance of financial
2.2
planning
Assess the information needs of
2.3
different decision makers
Explain the impact of finance on the
2.4
financial statements
3.1
3.2
decisions.
Explain the calculation of unit costs and
make
financial
Submitted on
decisions
based on
information.
Assess the viability of a project using
financial
3.3
Task
no.
Evidence
(page no)
LO4
Be able to
4.1
evaluate the
4.2
financial
performanc
business.
Interpret financial statements using
e of a
business.
4.3
Instructions
An electronic copy of your assessment must be fully uploaded by the deadline date and time.
You must submit one single PDF or MS Office Word document. Any relevant images or
screenshots must be included within the same MS Office Word or PDF document.
The last version you upload will be the one that is marked. Your paper will be marked if you have
indicated this as your final submission.
Answer the criteria in order, clearly indicating the pass criteria number.
Ensure that all work has been proof-read and checked prior to submission.
Ensure that the layout of your documents are in a professional format with font style Arial, font
size 12 for the text, font 14 for sub heading and font 16 for main heading, line spacing 1.5 and
justified.
Use the Harvard referencing system; otherwise it will be considered as plagiarised work.
Ensure that you back-up your work regularly and apply version control to your documents.
Ensure that any file you upload is virus-free, not corrupted and not protected by a password
otherwise it will be treated as a non-submission.
You must NOT submit a paper copy or email of this assessment to any member of staff at LSST.
In addition to the above PASS criteria, this assignment gives you the opportunity to submit eviden
MERIT and DISTINCTION grades
Grade Descriptor
M1Identify and apply strategies to
Indicative characteristics
Effective judgements have been
Cont
M1: To achieve M1, you are req
made.
(Task 4)
M2: To achieve M2, in a report
format. (Task 1)
M3: To achieve M3, you will ide
appropriate findings
evaluate own work and justify valid through synthesis of ideas and
have been justified.
conclusions
D2 Take responsibility for
(Task 3)
D2: To achieve D2, Use the dra
Importance of interdependence
in unfamiliar context.
differentiation) between:
Current and acid test ratios
Qualification
Date issued
Completion date
Assessor
Simon Masuku
Internal Verifier
Alan Jeffery
Managing Financial Resources and Decisions Shaping Your
Assignment title
Please carry out the following steps in order to complete the Shaping Your Future section:
1. Select an organisation. The organisation that you chose should be either an organisation that
Unit 2: Managing Financial Resources and Decisions Level 4 May 2014
This section will act as the case study for your assignment paper.
Please note that LSST will not publish or use this information for commercial purposes.
Section one
Executive summary
1.1 Business summary:
It is a Italian Authentic restaurant that going to provide Italian Authentic foods to the local
Community.
1.2 Business aims:
Main aim is to provide the good quality foods ,make good profit ,
Unit 2: Managing Financial Resources and Decisions Level 4 May 2014
11
Additional Information:
Section two
Products and services
2.1 What is the nature of your business?
a product
x
a service
both
13
no
Section four
Market research
4.1 What market information have you obtained so far?
Unit 2: Managing Financial Resources and Decisions Level 4 May 2014
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By staying ahead of the competitors, I have to organise the distribution and collection of customer
4.2 Key findings from research:
Often Italian restaurants dont offer to customers taste of proper Italian, but they do not Market authentic I
Section five
Marketing and Business Strategy
17
TOTAL COST
19
Product/service
Price
Strengths
Weaknesses
revives online.
attractive.
Mushroom Italian
6.50
restaurant
Wembley high road,
Wembley
Fonduta formaggi
6.25
Zizzi restaurant
Lake side way
is losing.
Wembley
Customer service and the
Simple spaghetti with tomato
Ask Italian
6.50
sauce
very good
Wembley
Spaghetti all Astice
Unit 2: Managing Financial Resources and Decisions
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17.90
May 2014
Product/service
Price
Strengths
Weaknesses
Belvedere restaurant
5.90
Pizza express
tasty.
6.25
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Strengths
I havent got enough staff, and the enough money to fund, any
long term deficits in working capital.
Limited employers
restaurant
Minimum space
Opportunities
Threats
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criteria examples
Economic
legislation
future legislation
to be harmful to health.
international legislation
home economy
economy trends
economy trends
general taxation
overseas economies
general taxation
government policies
taxation specific to
product/services
trading policies
seasonality issues
market/trade cycles
distribution trends
customer/end-user drivers
criteria examples
Social
Technological
lifestyle trends
competing technology
demographics
development
research funding
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criteria examples
24
factors
aged.
associated/dependent
technologies
replacement
technology/solutions
image
maturity of technology
information and
requirement of restaurant.
communications
ethnic/religious factors
consumer buying
mechanisms/technology
ethical issues
technology legislation
innovation potential
technology access, licensing,
patent intellectual property
issues global
communications
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Items required
Payment arrangements
and prices
Patel cash and carry, Wembley
Cooking equipment
Delivery vehicle
Premises
Furniture
7.5 Premises:
Where are you going t operate from
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27
If being bought
Item require
Already owned?
Hot counter
Purchased from
New
Yes
Price
430.80
New
Commercial Suppliers
45.00
, Microwave
New
340.00
Fridge
7.7 Transport:
Delivery Van
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Evaluate the benefits of the different sources for the organisation outlined in the Shaping
Your Future;
M2:
To achieve M2, In a report format, assess the reasons why the other sources of finance would be
considered inferior to the ones selected in 1.3. Justify your position, explaining why you have
arrived at your conclusions with reference to the organisation outlined in the Shaping Your
Future future plans.
Present your answer in a report format.
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Explain how a bank loan and investments (issue of ordinary shares) impacts the balance sheet
and income statement (2.4)
D2:
To achieve D2, Use the draft balance sheet below. Please note that the balance sheet does not
balance. Include a recent loan of 7,000 which will be paid back in 3 years time with a fixed charge
of 1500 per year payable at year end. Show all your calculations that enable the financial report
below to balance.
Assets
Fixed Assets
Accumulated Depreciation
Total Fixed Assets
10000
1000
9000
Current Assets
Stock
Debtors
Bank
Total Current Assets
2500
1500
12500
16500
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25,500
3000
2000
750
5750
19750
2000
16250
18250
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Total monthly sales for the four month period ending October2015 are forecasted as:
July
150,000
August
100,000
Sept
125,000
October
3.
120,000
July
52,000
August
32,000
Sept
74,000
October
82,000
4.
A new supplier has offered the organisation outlined in the Shaping Your Future section
two months credit starting in July 2015; this means that materials bought on credit in July will be
paid for in September and so on. The organisation outlined in the Shaping Your Future section
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July
46,000
August
20,000
Sept
30,000
October
20,000
The organisation outlined in the Shaping Your Future section pays rent of 15,000 per month
quarterly in advance. Payments are due on 1st July, 1st October etc.
6.
July
10,000
August
15,000
September
20,000
October
20,000
7.
The organisation outlined in the Shaping Your Future section is repaying a bank loan at
the rate of 10,000 per month. The last installment is due in September 2015.
Task 3b.
The organisation outlined in the Shaping Your Future section is considering selling high quality
luxury exercise equipment.
Its costs for 500 units are as follows:
Total Direct Cost
20,000
Fixed Cost
10,000
Total Cost
30,000
The organisation outlined in the Shaping Your Future section is currently reviewing its selling
prices and is considering cost-plus pricing based on:
Either a 33.33 % mark-up on cost price (i.e. profit is 33.33 per cent of cost price)
Or a 20 % return on capital employed.
Unit 2: Managing Financial Resources and Decisions
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Product A
Investment 50,000
20,000
Product B
Investment 50,000
23,750
Product C
Investment 50,000
20,000
Inflow
2 Cash
17,500
23,750
15,000
Inflow
3 Cash
25,000
23,750
12,500
Inflow
4 Cash
32,500
23,750
25,000
Inflow
Total
95,000
95,000
72,500
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Payback period
M3:
To achieve M3, you will identify the individual needs of the stakeholders in The organisation
outlined in the Shaping Your Future section. This will be presented in a suitable business format
(a report or a formal letter) or a comparison table and will include business terminology accurately.
D1:
To achieve D1This question relates to 3.3.
Justify the use of investment appraisal techniques and other financial planning methods in the
process of strategic investment decision making for a business.
Interim Completion Date: 5 June 2015
Word Count: 500 words approx.
NB: When the question refers to an organisation, the learners will need to discuss their
organisation as detailed in the Shaping Your Future section above OR the organisation from the
designated list held and approved by Student Support.
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You have been tasked to prepare a report for the Managing Directors of your organisation outlined
in the Shaping Your Future section. They will attend the British Investment Group Head Office to
meet with key decision makers in the venture capitalist department. They have asked you to
provide them with an explanation of the purpose of the Trading Profit and Loss Account or Income
Statements and the Balance Sheet. How would the capital appear in the balance sheet and the
income statement for the organisation outlined in the Shaping Your Future section? (4.1)
Compare appropriate formats for financial statements for different business organisations. That is,
compare the balance sheet formats and also compare the income statements/profits and loss
accounts formats. (4.2)
ABC Ltd runs a chain of small shops and you have just received the following extracts from the
audited accounts for the period ending 30 th September 2013.
PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT FOR THE PERIOD ENDED 30th SEPT 2013
000
Sales
000
800
(150)
Gross Profit
650
Wages
400
Other Expenses
20
(420)
Net Profit
230
000
650
Current Assets
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300
Debtors
100
Bank
280
680
Total Assets
1330
Financed by:
Equity and Liabilities
Share Capital
500
+Net Profit
230
730
Non-Current Liabilities
150
Current Liabilities
Creditors
450
1330
Required:
(a)
Current ratio
For each ratio, include the formula in words together with your workings, and explain what each
ratio measures. (4.3)
M1:
To achieve M1, you are required to match the above ratios (i.e., current ratio, ROCE etc.) to the
following interested parties; suppliers, investors and competitors. Provide clear justification for your
answer.
D3:
Unit 2: Managing Financial Resources and Decisions
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ii.
NB: When the question refers to an organisation, the learners will need to discuss their
organisation as detailed in the Shaping Your Future section above OR the organisation from the
designated list held and approved by Student Support.
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Equity finance
Debt finance
Furthermore hire purchase; lease and credit factoring can be identified as other means of finance.
These sources are called other source of finance.
Equity finance refers to exchanging a share of the ownership of the business for a financial
investment in the business. Debt financing involves borrowing funds from creditors with the
agreement to settle the borrowed funds plus interest at a specified future time. When it comes to
our business, sources of finance available are explained as follows,
An aspiring restaurateur, if you have personal savings, investments or equity in your home, this may
be the best approach to financing a new business venture. The use of personal assets helps
entrepreneurs avoid applying for a loan and taking on debt for a new business. Loan interest
payments also affect the bottom line and can delay profitability. Loans will also need to be repaid if a
business fails in order for the owner to retain good credit. Inviting investors can dilute business
ownership and affect the freedom of the business owner to make independent decisions. Also,
should a business fail, all investors should be made whole if an entrepreneur should ever want to call
upon the investors again for financing.
If an entrepreneur does not have personal assets to fund a new business, they may turn to family
and friends to receive start-up funding. Expectations need to be set with respect to the type of
investment, for example, a loan or an ownership stake, and the specific terms of any
arrangement. It is wise to seek professional legal counsel and forge a written agreement when
entering into business arrangements with family and friends. Written agreements set out all terms up
front and help avoid misunderstandings and hard feelings later on. This could be considered as
another option for us.
Unit 2: Managing Financial Resources and Decisions
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These are the loans offered by banks to businesses where the interest is generally lower than
the overdraft rates. This is the most popular source of financing and could vary from medium to
long-term. Term loans are usually repaid in monthly instalments and may require providing
security to obtain a loan. Partners and Angel Investors Entrepreneurs can always seek out
either business or investment partners to both share in the burden of financing, and take an
active role in management of their business. When entering into any partnership, it is always wise
to document the roles and responsibilities of the individual partners, as well as the division of
investment proceeds or losses. It is best to consult with an attorney to establish a partnership
agreement or similar legal business form.
Bank Overdraft
This is a temporary facility attached to the firms current account allowing going beyond the
actual account balance. This facility is particularly important when the firm has regular sales
and purchases which sometimes lead the firm in cash deficit situations where the overdraft
work as a back up and allows the firm to pay important bills.
Trade Credit
Suppliers of goods or services often do not require the firm to make payments immediately.
Instead they offer credit terms where the firm can settle its dues at a later date. Terms may run
from 30 to 90 days and by allowing the firm to delay its settlements, trading
companies effectively finance the firm for a short term.
1.2 Implications of source of finance
The contemplated Italian restaurant business will be registered as a privet limited company.
Therefore the liability of the shareholders will only be limited up to the paid up share capital. Since
this will be registered as a privet limited company, the company will not be able to raise finance
through bonds or issuing shares to the general public.
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Home equity lines of credit are loans that financial institutions give homeowners based on how
much equity they have in their home, the value of their home and their current mortgage. The
reason for using a home equity loan, immediate access to fund, interest rates on home equity
lines of credit are typically variable and easy to monitor their interest rate. Even though this
method of finance does not lead to dilution of ownership, it creates a liability to make periodic
interest payments and pay back the capital at the maturity to the creditors.
a bank loan can consider for short term and long term. Short term loan normally, for less than
one year, short term loans are used to manage the working capital. Long term loan normally
uses for managing financial performance or to buy some equipment. The purpose of using
bank loan can access to more money than you might have the savings. However the firm may
be required to provide security against the loan most of the time, fixed interest should be paid
irrespective of the firm is profitable or not and unlike in an overdraft facility firm needs to pay
for the full amount of the loan obtained even if they use it partially.
Trade Credit
Advantages of trade credit include, it does not involve cost and no security is required by the
supplier and improves the liquidity of the firm since the payment is not made immediately.
Disadvantages include, the firm needs to have a proven track record and delay of payments
may incur penalties, impacts on relationship with suppliers and reputation in the market
Bank Overdraft
Advantages of overdraft are, it can be quickly arranged and flexibly where the firm can use
when they need it and interest will be charged only for the limit used and if not used no interest
will be charged apart from the annual fee. However, it involves some disadvantages too, and
they are, it carries a higher interest rate than bank loans and if the firm goes beyond the
agreed limit firm will be charged with high extra charges and on the other hand overdraft may
require business assets to be secured against it
1.3 All the sources of finance discussed above have their own benefits. Use of own savings as capital
will increase the equity holding in the company, creates no obligation to pay periodic interest
payments and capital repayment; use of bank loans will reduce the cost of capital to the company
Unit 2: Managing Financial Resources and Decisions
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2.2
To : Board of the directors
From : Accountant
Date : 3rd July 2015
Subject: The importance of financial planning for the success of the organization.
This report explains the importance of financial planning for the success of the company.
Financial planning is very important for every company. A good business plan provides a guide for the overall
operation of the business and the way finances will be handled within a business. Financial plan helps to
achieve short term and long term financial goals and create the balance plan to meet those goals. Also Financial
planning provides meaning and direction to your financial choices. By clearly identifying and prioritizing
personal financial goals.
The importance of financial planning for business is best seen when a company is faced with a situation
concerning outstanding debts and rising cost. So to be able to be prepared for the situation in advance, the
company should have prepared a proper financial plan before hand. The success of a business is greatly
determined by the financial plans they have laid out and how well it is followed.
Hope this clarifies the important financial planning to an organization. If you need any for the clarification,
please do not hesitate to contact me.
Priyanthi Fernando
Accountant.
Unit 2: Managing Financial Resources and Decisions
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dr
dr
cr
Issue of ordinary share affects to income statement and balance sheet. The amount of equity
is
accounted under equity category in the balance sheet. Dividend payment is accounted under other
Unit 2: Managing Financial Resources and Decisions
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Assets
London School
of Science & Technology
Fixed Assets
10000
Accumulated Depreciation
1000
9000
dr
Current Assets
Stock
2500
Debtors
1500
Bank
12500
Cash(Loan Received)
7000
16500
Total Assets
25.500
cr
dr
cr
D2,
Liabilities
Creditors
3000
Loan
2000
Credit card
750
Loan payable
1500
7000
Total Liabilities
7250
25500
Equity
18250
Capital
2000
Retained profit
16250
Total equity
18250
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AUGUS
OCTOMB
JULY
SEPT
Opening
50,00
83,00
126,0
Balance
0
150,0
0
100,0
00
125,0
101,000
00
00
00
120,000
150,0
100,0
125,0
00
00
00
52,00
32,00
74,00
0
46,00
82,000
10,00
0
10,00
20,000
10,00
bank loan
Other
0
10,00
0
15,00
0
20,00
expenses
0
45,00
rent
total
0
117,00
57,00
150,0
payments
closing
0
83,00
0
126,0
00
101,0
167,000
00
00
54,000
cash sale
Credit sale
total receipt
payments
cash
purchases
Credit
purchase
balance
ER
TOTAL
495,00
120,000
20,000
45,000
491,00
0
TASK 3B
A,
Fixed cost
10000
Total
Direct
Unit 2: Managing Financial Resources and Decisions
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Task 4.1
The purpose of main financial statements
There are three major financial statements,
1, The balance sheet:
In a certain period a corporation's possessions, stockholders' fairness, and liabilities are reported
in to balance sheet.
2, The income statement:
In a phase of time a corporation's revenues and common expenditures are stated such as a year,
month, quarter, 52 weeks, 13 weeks, etc.
3, The Cash flow statement:
During the same phase of time as the income statement correct in a corporations cash and
Cash counterparts are accounted in to the cash flow.
The mainly certified accounting principles GAAP the money related articulations required to be
equipped that are distributed outer of a company. For instance, the cost principle typically needs
that the balance sheet must report long-standing resources at cost minus composed reduction. The
corresponding principle want that the cost of long-standing possessions used in the business are
allocated to different accounting periods in which they manufacture revenues which are used on.
Task 4.2
Financial statement for Different types of business
There are three type of financial statements
Income Statements:
Income statements states income first then expenses. By reduce expenses from revenue net income
is considered. It is the most basic income statements and most providers use this method. Income
statement for an industrial or retail store operation is more difficult. The first line of the income
statement is for income or gross income, followed by subtraction of cost of industrial or goods sold.
This provides a gross income amount. The second section is lists of all expenses include managerial
or general costs, selling. Operation income is calculated by subtracting all expenses from gross
income. The last section subtracts any other expenses, taxes, interest expense to enter at the net
income of the corporate.
Balance Sheet:
That shows the stockholders equity, liabilities and assets of the corporate. The total assets are equal
to total stockholders equity and liabilities.
The first area is lists of all assets as follows:
Equipment, Real estate, Investments, Cash and Other business holdings
The second area is list of all as follows:
Obligations includes any loans or account payable
The third area is:
Stakeholders equity.
This balance sheet is suitable for small business. The business frequently divides it to present and
long haul resources and liabilities.
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TASK 4.3
Current ratio
The current ratio is the ratio of current assets to current liability. The current ratio is a commonly
used liquidity ratio that measures a company's ability to pay its current liabilities with its current assets.
Current ratio = Current assets/ Current liability
According to this organization, current ratio can be calculated as follows.
Current ratio = 680/450
= 1.51
Acid ratio
An indicator of a companys short-term liquidity. The quick ratio measures a companys ability to meet its
short-term obligations with its most liquid assets.
Acid ratio = Current asset- inventory/ Current liability
According to this organization, current ration can be calculated as follows.
Acid ratio = 680-300/450
= 0.84
Return on capital employed
This ratio indicates the company efficiency of long term equity. ROCE shows how well a company is using
both its equity and debt to generate a return.
ROCE = Profit before interest and tax (PBIT) / Net assets (Total assets- current liability) * 100
According to this organization ROCE ratio can be calculated as follows.
ROCE = (230/ 880) * 100
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ROCE is a main profitability ratio of the business. This shows how efficiently the capital has been used within
the organization. ROCE is 26% of ABC and this shows that the overall profitability is at a very good level.
Two other important profitability ratios are gross profit and net profit ratio, which are 81% and 28.75%
respectively for ABC Ltd. The huge difference between these two ratios (81% and 28.75%) is due to huge
wages cost of 400 pounds.
The ideal current ratio should be 2:1 and the ideal acid ratio should be 1:1. However, these two ratios
respectively, for ABC are 1.51 which shows that company only 1.51 pounds of current assets to cover 1 pound
current liability; and 1: 0.84 which shows that ABC has only 0.84 pounds of quick assets to cover 1 pound of
current liability.
The difference between current ratio and acid ratio is, current ratio takes total current asset into consideration
while the quick ratio only take quick assets (inventory and prepayment are deducted from total current assets)
into consideration.
The above ratios show that company has a very high profitability level and insufficient liquidity level. This
implies that the management of the company has used current assets to for their long term 8investment in order
to make higher profit. However, it is advisable for the company to strike a balance between the profitability and
liquidity. Because the investors not only are interested in the profitability, but also the liquidity as well, because
they would require to the company to pay the return of their investments in firm of interest and dividend, for
that for the company should have sufficient cash. Furthermore the employees of the organization would also be
interested in the liquidity level of the company, because they would require for timely payment of their salaries.
Unit 2: Managing Financial Resources and Decisions
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D3
1. Current and acid test ratio
The difference between the current ratio and the acid test ratio commonly connect the current
assets inventory, prepaid expenses, and some deferred income taxes.
The current ratio benefits the total amount of all of the current assets. The acid test ratio benefits
only the following current assets, which are treated to be quick assets: cash and cash equivalents,
short-term marketable securities, and accounts receivable is the other words, the acid test ratio
excludes inventory which is a mementos current asset for retailers and manufacturers, some other
amounts such as prepaid expenses and deferred income taxes are classified as current assets.
The current ratio is 2 to 1 (or 2:1) calculated as: total current assets of 40.00 divided by the total
current liabilities of 20.00
2. Gross profit and net profit
Gross profit margin and Net profit margin are two independent profitability ratios benefit to assess a
company's financial stability and overall form. Profit margin is a percentage measurement of profit
that expresses the amount a company earns per pound of sales. Apparently, if a company produce
more money per sale, it is a higher profit margin.
The gross profit margin it shows total revenue less the cost of goods .A amount it cost the company
to produce the goods or services that it sold, usually referred to as cost of goods sold. The
calculation to arrive at gross profit margin is as follows:
Gross profit margin = (revenue - cost of goods) / revenue
The net profit margin is a more accurate measure of a company's profitability, as it reveals the
percentage of revenue that actually reflects a company's profit per pound of sales. Net profitability is
an important distinction, since increases in revenue do not necessarily translate into actual increased
profitability. Net profit is the gross profit minus operating expenses and all other expenses, such as
taxes and interest paid on debt. The formula for net profit margin is as follows:
Net profit margin = (revenue - cost of goods - operating expenses -other expenses - interest Unit 2: Managing Financial Resources and Decisions
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IMPORTANT
CHECK THAT YOUR ANSWERS MEET THE CRITERIA
COMPLETE THE ASSIGNMENT CRITERIA AS YOU
GO ALONG
DO NOT LEAVE THINGS TO THE LAST MINUTE
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