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Offshore Wind Energy - 6
Offshore Wind Energy - 6
Contains meteorolog-
ical and oceano-
graphic data
Reported at least
hourly
Good temporal
coverage (except for
Great Lakes due to
winter ice)
Percentages denote ratio of the number of actual data values to the number of
possible data values. All colored boxes were analyzed.
Annual Mean Wind Speed and Capacity Factor For Period Studied (1998
through 2008, subject to Data Availability)
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
0 5 10 15
0.04
0.02
0.00
0 5 10 15 20 25
12
10
8
Wind Speed (Met/Sec)
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
12
10
8
Wind Speed (Met/Sec)
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hour
12
10
8
Wind Speed (Met/Sec)
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hour
12
10
8
Wind Speed (Met/Sec)
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hour
12
10
8
Wind Speed (Met/Sec)
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hour
12
10
8
Wind Speed (Met/Sec)
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hour
10 10
5 5
10 10
5 5
Wind Speed (met/sec)
10 10
5 5
10 10
5 5
10 10
5 5
2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12
Month
10 10
5 5
10 10
5 5
Wind Speed (met/sec)
10 10
5 5
10 10
5 5
10 10
5 5
2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12
Month
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12
Month
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12
Month
10 10
5 5
10 10
5 5
Wind Speed (met/sec)
10 10
5 5
10 10
5 5
10 10
5 5
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Hour
Full Year Hourly Average Hub Height Wind Speed For Individual Years
10 10
5 5
10 10
5 5
Wind Speed (met/sec)
10 10
5 5
10 10
5 5
10 10
5 5
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Hour
Winter Hourly Average Hub Height Wind Speed For Individual Years
10 10
5 5
10 10
5 5
Wind Speed (met/sec)
10 10
5 5
10 10
5 5
10 10
5 5
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Hour
Summer Hourly Average Hub Height Wind Speed For Individual Years
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Hour
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Hour
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Hour
3000
2500
2000
Power (kW)
1500
1000
500
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
2007 Monthly Power Output (44009 light gray, JST dark gray)
3000
2500
2000
Power (kW)
1500
1000
500
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hour
2007 Hourly Power Output (44009 light gray, JST dark gray)
3000
2500
2000
Power (kW)
1500
1000
500
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
2007 Monthly Power Output (44009 light gray, 41025 dark gray)
3000
2500
2000
Power (kW)
1500
1000
500
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
2007 Monthly Power Output (44009 light gray, 44017 dark gray)
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.004
0.003
0.003
Density
Density
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
0.004
0.003
0.003
Density
Density
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
0.004
0.003
0.003
Density
Density
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
2008 Power Change Histograms for 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 & 12 hour changes at Buoy 44008 (in red)
overlaid by Average of 44008, 44018 & 44025
Copyright 2010 Philip H. Kahn 74
HMD_44008_2008 AVG_44008_44018_44025_2008 Power HMD_44008_2008 AVG_44008_44018_44025_2008 Power
4e-04
4e-04
Density
Density
2e-04
2e-04
0e+00
0e+00
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
4e-04
Density
Density
2e-04
2e-04
0e+00
0e+00
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
4e-04
Density
Density
2e-04
2e-04
0e+00
0e+00
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
2008 Power Change Histograms for 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 & 12 hour changes at Buoy 44008 (in red)
overlaid by Average of 44008, 44018 & 44025 (expanded scale)
Copyright 2010 Philip H. Kahn 75
HMD_44018_2008_8731hours AVG_41025_44007_44008_44013_44014_44018_44025_2008 Power HMD_44018_2008_8731hours AVG_41025_44007_44008_44013_44014_44018_44025_2008 Power
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
Density
Density
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
0.004
0.003
0.003
Density
Density
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
0.004
0.003
0.003
Density
Density
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
2008 Power Change Histograms for 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 & 12 hour changes at Buoy 44018 (in red)
overlaid by Average of 41025, 44007, 44008, 44013, 44014, 44018 & 44025
Copyright 2010 Philip H. Kahn 76
HMD_44018_2008_8731hours AVG_41025_44007_44008_44013_44014_44018_44025_2008 Power HMD_44018_2008_8731hours AVG_41025_44007_44008_44013_44014_44018_44025_2008 Power
4e-04
4e-04
Density
Density
2e-04
2e-04
0e+00
0e+00
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
4e-04
Density
Density
2e-04
2e-04
0e+00
0e+00
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
4e-04
Density
Density
2e-04
2e-04
0e+00
0e+00
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
2008 Power Change Histograms for 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 & 12 hour changes at Buoy 44018 (in red)
overlaid by Average of 41025, 44007, 44008, 44013, 44014, 44018 & 44025 (expanded
scale)
Copyright 2010 Philip H. Kahn 77
AVG_44008_44018_44025_2008 AVG_41025_44007_44008_44013_44014_44018_44025_2008 Power AVG_44008_44018_44025_2008 AVG_41025_44007_44008_44013_44014_44018_44025_2008 Power
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
Density
Density
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
0.004
0.003
0.003
Density
Density
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
0.004
0.003
0.003
Density
Density
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
2008 Power Change Histograms for 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 & 12 hour changes of the Average of 44008,
44018 & 44025 (in red) overlaid by Average of 41025, 44007, 44008, 44013, 44014, 44018
& 44025
Copyright 2010 Philip H. Kahn 78
AVG_44008_44018_44025_2008 AVG_41025_44007_44008_44013_44014_44018_44025_2008 Power AVG_44008_44018_44025_2008 AVG_41025_44007_44008_44013_44014_44018_44025_2008 Power
4e-04
4e-04
Density
Density
2e-04
2e-04
0e+00
0e+00
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
4e-04
Density
Density
2e-04
2e-04
0e+00
0e+00
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
4e-04
Density
Density
2e-04
2e-04
0e+00
0e+00
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
2008 Power Change Histograms for 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 & 12 hour changes of the Average of 44008,
44018 & 44025 (in red) overlaid by Average of 41025, 44007, 44008, 44013, 44014, 44018
& 44025 (expanded scale)
Copyright 2010 Philip H. Kahn 79
Final Word
The National Data Buoy Center of the National Oceanographic
and Atmospheric Administration offers a dataset that yields
useful information about the wind resource around our nation’s
shores. Though the platform was not expressly designed to
inventory wind resources, the fact that so many of the same type
of buoy package have been deployed with similar anemometers
at the same measuring height means that useful comparisons
between sites can be performed. Slides 31, 35, 36 and 37
demonstrate that the dataset hangs together quite well.
Considering that the buoys endure the harsh environment of the
ocean, it is remarkable that the instruments maintain calibration
over time as well as they apparently do.