Temperature and heat are not the same thing:

temperature is a measure of how hot something is

heat is a measure of the thermal energy contained in an object.

Temperature is measured in C, and heat is measured in J. When heat energy is

transferred to an object, its temperature increase depends upon the:

the mass of the object

the substance the object is made from

the amount energy transferred to the object.

For a particular object, the more heat energy transferred to it, the greater its
temperature increase.

Specific heat capacity

The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy needed to change
the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1C. Different substances have different
specific heat capacities. The table shows some examples.

Heat capacities of different substances

Substance
water
oxygen
lead

Specific heat capacity in J / kg C

4181
918
128

Notice that water has a particularly high specific heat capacity. This makes water
useful for storing heat energy, and for transporting it around the home using central
heating pipes.

Calculating specific heat capacity

Here is the equation relating energy to specific heat capacity:
E=mc

E is the energy transferred in joules, J

m is the mass of the substances in kg

c is the specific heat capacity in J / kg C

(theta) is the temperature change in degrees Celsius, C

For example, how much energy must be transferred to raise the temperature of 2 kg of
water from 20C to 30C?
E = m c ( = 30 20 = 10C)
E = 2 4181 10 = 83,620 J or 83.62 kJ