LAMPIRAN PERHITUNGAN

Kadar Air
A. Berat Bahan Awal
Berat bahan awal = (berat cawan + bahan sebelum pengeringan) berat cawan
U1 = 28,0616 23,0570 = 5,0046 g
U5 = 15,2400 10,2325 = 5,0075 g
U2 = 15,1321 10,1216 = 5,0105 g
U6 = 14,9997 9,9131 = 5,0866 g
U3 = 22,0034 16,9124 = 5,0910 g
U7 = 15,1447 10,1338 = 5,0109 g
U4 = 15,3029 10,2268 = 5,0761 g
U8 = 16,6055 11,6092 = 4,9963 g
B. Berat Bahan Setelah Pengeringan
Berat bahan setelah pengeringan = (berat cawan + bahan setelah pengeringan)
berat cawan
U1 = 23,7556 23,0570 = 0,6986 g
U5 = 10,6555 10,2325 = 0,4230 g
U2 = 10,8548 10,1216 = 0,7322 g
U6 = 10,8638 9,9131 = 0,9507 g
U3 = 17,6456 16,9124 = 0,7322 g
U7 = 10,9759 10,1338 = 0,8421 g
U4 = 10,9984 10,2268 = 0,7716 g
U8 = 12,3564 11,6092 = 0,7472 g
C. Kadar Air BB
W (W 1W 2)
100
BB =
W
U1 =

5,0046 (23,755623,0570)
100
5,0046

= 86,04%

U2 =

5,0105(10,854810,1216)
100
5,0105

= 85,34%

U3 =

5,0910(17,645616,9124)
100
5,0910

= 85,60%

U4 =

5,0761(10,998410,2268)
100
5,0761

= 84,80%

U5 =

5,0075(10,655510,2325)
100
5,0075

=91,55%

U6 =

5,0866 (10,86389,9131)
100
5,0866

U7 =

5,0109(10,975910,1338)
100
5,0109

= 81,31%
= 83,20%

U8 =

4,9963(12,356411,6092)
100
4,9963

Rata-rata =

= 74,72%

U 1+U 2+U 3+U 4 +U 5+U 6+U 7+U 8

U

86,04+85,34+ 85,60+84,80+91,55+ 81,31+ 83,20+74,72

8

672,56
8

= 85,36

SD =

( U 1 ) + ( U 2 ) + ( U 3 ) + ( U 4 ) + ( U 5 ) + ( U 6 ) + ( U 7 ) +(U 8)
(n1)

( 86,0484,07 )2 + ( 85,3484,07 )2+ ( 85,6084,07 )2+ ( 84,8084,07 )2 + ( 91,5584,07 )2 + ( 81,3184

(81)
=
=

( 3,88 ) + ( 1,61 ) + ( 2,34 ) + ( 0,53 )+ (55,95 )+ (7,62 ) + ( 0,76 ) +(87,42)

7
160,11
7

RSD =

= 22,87

SD
100

= 2,93
2,93
100
84,07

= 3,44 %

D. Kadar Air BK
W (W 1W 2)
100
BK =
W 1W 2
U1 =

5,0046( 23,755623,0570)
100
(23,755623,0570)

= 616,37%

U2 =

5,0105(10,854810,1216)
100
(10,854810,1216)

= 583,37%

U3 =

5,0910(17,645616,9124)
100
(17,645616,9124)

= 594,35%

U4 =

5,0761(10,998410,2268)
100
(10,998410,2268)

= 557,87%

U5 =

5,0075(10,655510,2325)
100
(10,655510,2325)

= 1083,81%

U6 =

5,0866(10,86389,9131)
100
(10,86389,9131)

= 435,04%

U7 =

5,0109(10,975910,1338)
100
(10,975910,1338)

= 495,05%

U8 =

4,9963(12,356411,6092)
100
(12,356411,6092)

= 568,67%

Rata-rata =

U 1+U 2+U 3+U 4 +U 5+U 6+U 7+U 8

U

616,37 +583,37+594,35+557,87+1083,81+435,04 +495,05+568,67

8

4934,53
8

= 616,82

SD =

( U 1 ) + ( U 2 ) + ( U 3 ) + ( U 4 ) + ( U 5 ) + ( U 6 ) + ( U 7 ) +(U 8)
(n1)

( 616,37616,82 )2+ ( 583,37616,82 )2 + ( 594,35616,82 )2 + ( 557,87616,82 )2+ ( 1083,81616,82

( 81)

( 0,2 ) + ( 1118,9 ) + ( 504,9 ) + ( 3475,1 )+ ( 218079,66 )+ ( 32681,41 )+ (14827,93 )+(2318,42)

7

273006,52
7

RSD =

= 39000,93

SD
100

= 197,49

197,49
100
616,82

= 32,02 %

Kadar Abu
A. Berat sampel sebelum pengabuan (g)
D=BA
Ulangan 1

Ulangan 2

D = 13.2530 8.2358

D = 15.4534 10.4552

= 5.0172

= 4.9982

Ulangan 3

Ulangan 4

D = 14.8164 9.8087

D = 13.8441 8.8625

= 5.0077

= 4.9816

Ulangan 5

Ulangan 6

D = 15.4697 10.4697

D = 14.2951 9.2951

=5

=5

Ulangan 7

Ulangan 8

D = 13.4920 8.4920

D = 13.7427 8.7427

=5

=5

B. Berat sampel setelah pengabuan (g)

E=C-A
Ulangan 1
E = 10.4679 - 10.4552
= 0.0127
Ulangan 3
E = 9.8238 - 9.8087
= 0.0135
Ulangan 5
E = 10.4845 - 10.4697
= 0.0148
Ulangan 7
E = 8.5070 - 8.4920
= 0.0150

Ulangan 2
E = 8.2503 - 8.2358
= 0.0145
Ulangan 4
E = 8.8760 - 8.8625
= 0.0151
Ulangan 6
E = 9.3103 - 9.2951
= 0.0152
Ulangan 8
E = 8.7586 - 8.7427
= 0.0159

C. Kadar abu BB (%)

F=

E
100
D

Ulangan 1
F=

0.0127
100
4.9982

= 0.2541%
Ulangan 3
F=

0.0151
100
5.0077

= 0.3015%
Ulangan 5

Ulangan 2
F=

0.0145
100
5.0172

= 0.2890%
Ulangan 4
F=

0.0135
100
4.9816

= 0.2710%
Ulangan 6

F=

0.0148
100
5

F=

= 0.296%

= 0.304%

Ulangan 7
F=

0.0152
100
5

Ulangan 8

0.0150
100
5

F=

= 0.3%

0.0159
100
5

= 0.318%

D. Kadar abu BK (%)

Kadar air tahu = 79.76
G=

F
100
100K . A

Ulangan 1

Ulangan 2

0.2541
100
G = 10079.76

G=

= 1.2554%
Ulangan 3
G=

0.3015
100
10079.76

= 1.4896%
Ulangan 5
G=

0.296
100
10079.76

= 1.4624%

0.2890
100
10079.76

= 1.4278%
Ulangan 4
G=

0.2710
100
10079.76

= 1.3389%
Ulangan 6
G=

0.304
100
10079.76

= 1.502%

Ulangan 7

Ulangan 8

0.3
100
10079.76

G=

G=

= 1.4822%

0.318
100
10079.76

= 1.5711%

E. Standar Deviasi dan RSD

Basis basah

0.2541

0.001414

0.2890

0.00000729

0.3015

0.000096

0.2710

0.000428

0.296

0.00001849

0.304

0.000151

0.3

0.00006889

0.318

0.00062

x = 2.3336
= 0.2917

(x-)2 = 0.00288

Ulangan

(x-)2

Ulangan

Kadar abu
BB
(%)

Basis kering

Kadar abu
BK
(%)

(x-)2

1.2554

0.0345

1.4278

0.00018

1.4896

0.00234

1.3389

0.01046

1.4624

0.000449

1.502

0.003696

1.4822

0.001681

1.5711

0.016874

x = 11.5292
= 1.4412

(x-)2 = 0.07018

1. SD =
=
=

( x ) 2
n1

0 . 00288
81

0.00041

= 0.02
SD
100
2. RSD =
=

SD =

0.02
100
0.2917

= 6.86%

a. Konsentrasi (Kurva Standart)

Kadar
Gula pereduksi
Konsentrasi
= V (mL)/10
Ulangan 1 : 0/10 = 0
Ulangan 2 : 0,1/10 = 0,01
Ulangan 3 : 0,25/10 = 0,025
Ulangan 4 : 0,5/10 = 0,05
Ulangan 5 : 0,75/10 = 0,075
Ulangan 6 : 1/10 = 0,1
Ulangan 7 : 1,5/10 = 0,15
Ulangan 8 : 2/10 = 0,2
Ulangan 9 : 0/10 = 0
Ulangan 10 : 0,1/10 = 0,01
Ulangan 11 : 0,25/10 = 0,025
Ulangan 12 : 0,5/10 = 0,05
Ulangan 13 : 0,75/10 = 0,075
Ulangan 14 : 1/10 = 0,1
Ulangan 15 : 1,5/10 = 0,15
Ulangan 16 : 2/10 = 0,2

= 0.1
RSD =

( x ) 2
n1

0 . 07018
81

0.01004
SD
100

0.1
100
1 . 4412

= 6.94%

b. Konsentrasi (Sampel)
Ulangan 1 : 0/10 = 0
Ulangan 2 : 0,1/10 = 0,01
Ulangan 3 : 0,15 /10 = 0,015
Ulangan 4 : 0,2/10 = 0,02
Ulangan 5 : 0/10 = 0
Ulangan 6 : 0,1/10 = 0,01
Ulangan 7 : 0,15 /10 = 0,015
Ulangan 8 : 0,2/10 = 0,02

1. Kurva Standart
Rata-rata Konsentrasi
0+0,01+0,025+0,05+ 0,075+ 0,1+ 0,15+0,2+0+ 0+0,01+0,025+0,05+ 0,075+ 0,1+0,15+0,2
16
0,076
Standart Deviasi Konsentrasi
x
xi

x
xi

= ((0-0,076)2 + (0,01-0,076)2 + (0,025-0,076)2 + (0,05-0,076)2 + (0,075-

0,076)2 + (0,1-0,076)2 + (0,15-0,076)2 + (0,2-0,076)2 + ((0-0,076)2 +

(0,01-0,076)2 + (0,025-0,076) 2 + (0,05-0,076)2 + (0,075-0,076)2 + (0,10,076)2 + (0,15-0,076)2 + (0,2-0,076)2) = 0,068
SD konsentrasi =
=

0,068
15

0,00453

= 0,068
RSD konsentrasi =

SD
X

x 100%

0,068
x 100
0,076

= 89,383 %
Rata Rata Absorbansi 1
Ulangan 1 : 0+0 = 0
Ulangan 2 : (0,021+0,010)/2 = 0,0155
Ulangan 3 : (0,060+0,052)/2 = 0,056
Ulangan 4 : (0,152+0,148)/2 = 0,150
Ulangan 5 : (0,196+0,191)/2 = 0, 194
Ulangan 6 : (0,407+0,406)/2 = 0,4065
Ulangan 7 : (0,630+0,628)/2 = 0,629
Ulangan 8 : (0,7081+0,797) = 0,789
Ulangan 9 : 0+0=0
Ulangan 10 : (0,043+0,026)/2 = 0,0345
Ulangan 11 : ( 0,109+0,105)/2= 0,107
Ulangan 12 : (0,209+0,206)/2 = 0,2075
Ulangan 13 = (0,384+0,383) = 0,3835
Ulangan 14 = (0,454+0,445)/2 = 0,4495
Ulangan 15 : (0,646+0,644)/2 = 0,645
Ulangan 16 = (0,827+0,821)/2 = 0,824
Rata-rata absorbansi 2
(0+0,0155+0,056+0,15+0,1935+0,4065+0,629+0,789+0+0,0345+0,107+0,2075+0,38
35+0,4495+0,645+0,824)/16 = 0,30566
x
xi

((0-30566)2 + (0,0155-0,30566)2 + (0,056-0,30566)2 + (0,15-0,30566)2 +

(0,1935-0,30566)2 + (0,4065-0,30566)2 + (0,629-0,30566)2 + (0,7890,30566)2 + (0-0,30566)2 + (0,0345-0,30566)2 + (0,107-0,30566)2 +

(0,2075-0,30566)2 + (0,3835-0,30566)2 + (0,495-0,30566)2 + (0,6450,30566)2 + (0,824-0,30566)2) = 0,8827

SD =

0,8827
161

0,0588467

= 0,2426
SD
X

RSD =

x 100%

0,2426
x 100
0,0,30566

= 79,37%
2. Sampel
Rata-rata konsentrasi
0+0,01+0,015+0,02+0+0,01+0,015+0,02
8
= 0,01125
x
xi

((0-0,01125)2 + (0,01-0,01125)2 + (0,015-0,01125)2 + (0,02-0,01125)2 + (0

0,01125)2 + (0,01-0,01125)2 + (0,015-0,01125)2 + (0,02-0,01125)2 =

0,0004375

SD=

0,0004375
7

0,0000625

= 0,0079
RSD =

SD
X

x 100%

0,0079
x 100
0,01125

= 70,22%
Rata-rata absorbansi 1
Ulangan 1 : 0+0 = 0
Ulangan 2 : (0,162+0,156)/2 = 0,159
Ulangan 3 : (0,223+0,23)/2 = 0,2265
Ulangan 4 : (0,342+0,396)/2 = 0,37
Ulangan 5 : 0+0 = 0
Ulangan 6 : (0,247+0,246)/2 = 0,2465
Ulangan 7 : (0,34+0,342)/2 = 0,341
Ulangan 8 : (0,442+0,462)/2 = 0,453
Rata-rata absorbansi 2
= 0+0,159+0,2265+0,37+0+0,2465+0,341+0,453
8
= 0,2245
x
xi

((0-0,2245)2 + (0,159-0,2245)2 + (0,2265-0,2245) 2 + (0,37-0,2245)2 + (0

0,2245)2 + (0,2465-0,2245)2 + (0,341-0,2245)2 + (0,453-0,2245)2 =

0,191718

SD =
=

0,191718
81

0,027339

= 0,1653

RSD =

SD
X

x 100%

0,1653
x 100
0,2245

= 73,63%
Kurva dengan nilai R terbesar

Absorban (rata-rata kurva sampel) Ulangan 5-8

0.5
f(x) = 22.56x + 0.01
R = 1

0.4

Absorban (rata-rata)

0.3

Linear (Absorban
(rata-rata))

0.2
0.1
0
0

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.03

Kadar Lemak
Berat lemak = berat labu lemak dan ekstrak
lemak berat labu lemak kosong
Kadar lemak bb =

berat lemak
berat sampel

100%

Ulangan 5
berat lemak = 35,0734 34,7724 = 0,301 g
kadar lemak bb =

0,301
5,0942

100% = 5,908 %
Kadar lemak bk =
29,54 %

kadar lemak bb
100kadar air

100% kadar lemak bk =

5,908
10080

100% =

Kadar air tahu = 80 %

Ulangan 6

Ulangan 1

berat lemak = 32,5227 32,2368 = 0,2859 g

berat lemak = 34,0627 33,8348 = 0,2279 g

kadar lemak bb =

0,2859
5,0424

100% = 5,7

%
kadar lemak bb =

0,2279
5,0789

100% = 4,487 %

kadar lemak bk =

5,7
10080

100% = 28,5 %

kadar lemak bk =

4,487
10080

100% = 22,435 %

Ulangan 7

Ulangan 2

berat lemak = 34,0129 - 33,8408 = 0,1721 g

berat lemak = 32,4135 32,2012 = 0,2123 g

kadar lemak bb =

0,1721
5,0539

100% =

3,405 %
kadar lemak bb =

0,2123
5,0375

100% = 4,214 % kadar lemak bk =

3,405
10080

100% =

17,025 %
kadar lemak bk =

4,214
10080

100% = 21,07 %

Ulangan 8

Ulangan 3

berat lemak = 33,8948 - 33,6141 = 0,2807 g

berat lemak = 35,6962 34,7571 = 0,9391 g

kadar lemak bb =

0,2807
5,0182

100% =

5,594 %
kadar lemak bb =

0,9391
5,077

100% = 18,497 %

100% = 27,97 %
kadar lemak bk =

18,497
10080

100% = 92,485%

kadar lemak bk =

5,594
10080

Ulangan 4
berat lemak = 32,9787 32,2330 = 0,7457 g
kadar lemak bb =

0,7457
5,0662

100% = 14,720 %

Rata-rata
Kadar lemak bb = 4,487 + 4,214 + 18,497 + 14,720 + 5,908 +5,7 +3 ,405 + 5,594 = 7,815
8
Kadar lemak bk = 22,435 + 21,07 +92,485 + 73,6 + 29,54 + 28,5 + 17,025 + 27,97 = 39,078
8
Standar Deviasi
Bb =

( 4 , 4877 , 815 ) + ( 4 ,2147 , 815 ) + ( 18 , 4977 , 815 ) + ( 14 ,7207 , 815 ) + ( 5 , 9087 ,815 ) + ( 5 ,7
81

11 , 075+12 , 967+114 ,105+ 47 , 679+3 , 636+4 , 473+19 , 448+ 4 , 933

7

218 , 316
7

RSD =

5,584
7,815

= 5,584

100% = 71,452 %

Bk =

( 22 , 43539 , 078 ) + ( 21 , 0739 ,078 ) + ( 92 , 48539 , 078 ) + ( 73 , 639 , 078 ) + ( 29 ,5439 , 078 ) +
81

276 , 989+324 , 288+2852 , 307+1191 , 768+90 , 973+111 ,894 +486 , 334+ 123 ,387
7

5457 , 94
7

= 27,923

27,923
RSD = 39,078

100% = 71,454 %

Kadar Protein
N Total (%) =

( mL HClmL Blanko ) x N HCl x 14,008 x F

mg Contoh

Kadar Protein (%) =

N Total ( ) x Faktor Konversi

Ulangan 1
N Total (%) =

( 27,50,5 ) x 0,02 x 14,008 x 1

540

Kadar Protein (%) = 0,014007 x 5,7

= 0,014007%

= 0,07984%

Ulangan 2
N Total (%) =

( 27,30,5 ) x 0,02 x 14,008 x 1

533,6

Kadar Protein (%) = 0,01407 x 5,7

= 0,01407%

= 0,080199%

Ulangan 3
N Total (%) =

( 260,5 ) x 0,02 x 14,008 x 1

510

Kadar Protein (%) = 0,014007 x 5,7

= 0,014007%

= 0,07984%

Ulangan 4
N Total (%) =

( 250,5 ) x 0,02 x 14,008 x 1

516,7

Kadar Protein (%) = 0,013283 x 5,7

Ulangan 5

= 0,013283%

= 0,075714%

N Total (%) =

( 31,30,2 ) x 0,02 x 14,008 x 1

596

Kadar Protein (%) = 0,014618 x 5,7

= 0,014618%

= 0,083323%

Ulangan 6
N Total (%) =

( 22,40,2 ) x 0,02 x 14,008 x 1

502,4

= 0,012379%

Kadar Protein (%) = 0,012379 x 5,7 = 0,070559%

Ulangan 7
N Total (%) =

( 26,40,2 ) x 0,02 x 14,008 x 1

529,5

= 0,013862%

Kadar Protein (%) = 0,013862 x 5,7 = 0,079011%

Ulangan 8
N Total (%) =

( 31,20,2 ) x 0,02 x 14,008 x 1

591,6

Kadar Protein (%) = 0,014618 x 5,7

= 0,014679%

= 0,083673%

Kadar Vitamin C
Tomat
Pelarut

:20 gram
: 100 Ml aquades
100
Fator Pengencer
= 120dan 2= 5
Ulangan
wb

KadarmL
airtitrasi
= 94
%N 0,88 mg FP 100
=
0,01 gr bahan

1,5 mL 0,01 0,88 mg 5 100

0,01 20 gram

6,6
0,2

33 mg
100 gr bahan

db

0,033
10094

100
= 0,55 %

33 gr

1 gr
1000 mg

Ulangan 3 dan 4
wb

wb

mL titrasi N 0,88 mg FP 100

0,01 gr bahan
100

1,4 mL 0,01 0,88 mg 5 100

0,01 20 gram

6,2
0,2

31 mg
100 gr bahan

31 gr
Ulangan
10 00 00 gr
bahan 5

mL titrasi N 0,88 mg FP 100

0,01 gr bahan

1,2 mL 0,01 0,88 mg 5 100

0,0120 gram

5,28
0,2

26,4 mg
100 gr bahan

26,4 gr
10 00 00 gr bahan

db

0,031
10094

= 0,52 %

1 gr
1000 mg

100 %

1 gr
1000 mg

100 %

db

0,026
10094

100
= 0,43 %

Ulangan 6
wb

wb

mL titrasi N 0,88 mg FP 100

0,01 gr bahan

1,8 mL 0,01 0,88 mg 5 100

0,01 20 gram

7,92
0,2

39,6 mg
100 gr bahan

39,6 gr
10 00 00 grUlangan
bahan 7 100 %

db

0,04
10094

100
= 0,67 %

1 gr
1000 mg

mL titrasi N 0,88 mg FP 100

0,01 gr bahan
100

1,3 mL 0,01 0,88 mg 5 100

0,01 20 gram

5,72
0,2

28,6 mg
100 gr bahan

28,6 gr
10 00 00 gr bahan

1 gr
1000 mg

100 %

db

0,029
10094

= 0,48 %

Ulangan 8
wb

mL titrasi N 0,88 mg FP 100

0,01 gr bahan
100

2,0 mL 0,01 0,88 mg 5 100

0,01 20 gram

8,8
0,2

44 mg
100 gr bahan

26,4 gr
10 00 00 r bahan

wb

Db

db

0,044
10094

= 0,73 %

1 gr
1000 mg

100 %

Rata Rata
=

0,033+ 0,033+0,031+0,031+0,026+ 0,040+ 0,029+0,044

8

0,267
8

0,033 %

0,55+ 0,55+0,52+0,52+0,43+ 0,67+0,48+0,73

8

4,45
8

= 0,57 %

Standart Deviasi

(X - x1)
(X x2)
(X x3)
(X x4)
(X x5)
(X x6)
(X x7)
(X x8)
Wb =

= (0,033 0,033)
= (0,033 0,033)
= (0,033 -0,031)
= (0,033 -0,031)
= (0,033 0,026)
= (0,033 0,040)
= (0,033 0,029)
= (0,033 0,044)
(X xn)

( X x n)
n1

(X - x1)
(X x2)
(X x3)
(X x4)
(X x5)
(X x6)
(X x7)
(X x8)

=0
=0
= 4.10-6
= 4.10-6
=4,9.10-5
=4,9.10-5
=1,6.10-5
=1,21.10-4

=2,43 10-4

0,000243
81

= (0,57 0,55)
= (0,57 0,55)
= (0,57 - 0,52)
= (0,57 - 0,52)
= (0,57 0,43)
= (0,57 0,67)
= (0,57 0,48)
= (0,57 0,73)
(X xn)

0,0000347 = 0,006

= 4 10-4
= 4 10-4
= 2.5 10-3
= 2.5 10-3
= 2 10-2
= 1 10-2
= 8,1 10-1
= 2,6 10-2

= 0,87

db =

( X x n)
n1

0,87
81

RSD

Wb =

SD
X

Db =

SD
X

0,006

= 0,033 = 0,18
=

3,53
0,57

= 6,19

12,43 = 3,53