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X-rays in Rhinology

Conventional x-rays (radiographs) can be taken from four angles or views,


known as :
-

Caldwell's projection: posterior anterior (PA) projection provides good


visualization of the frontal sinus and ethmoid air cells.
Lateral projection: for the sphenoid, maxillary sinuses, frontal and ethmoid
sinuses.
Water's projection: for the maxillary sinuses.
Submento vertical projection: for the sphenoid sinus.

Diagram showing the position of the skull in water's view x- ray

The skull position in caldwell view

Tthe position of the skull in submento vertical view

Patient position in lateral view skull

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