PROBLEMS 10

10.1) A first order reaction is defined as one in which the rate is directly proportional to
the concertration of reactant. That is:

=kx

Where x=concentration of reactationof readtan,t=time,k=rate constan. For a

first order rection:
a) Obtain a general relation between x and t.To evaluate the constant of
intregration,take x0 to be the value of x when t=0
-

= dt

-ln x = kt + c
-ln x0 = k (0) + c
C = -ln x0
ln

= kt

b) For a certain first order reaction , x0 = 1,00 and k = 0,100 min-1. Calculate x when t
= 10,0 min.
ln

= kt

ln = o,1 min-1 . 10 min

ln 1- ln x =1

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-ln x = 1
Ln x = -1
X = 0,367
c) Using the relation derived kin part (a), show that the time , required for half of the
reactan to be consumed is inversely proportional to k and independent of x0 .
= kt

ln

ln 2 = kt

t=

10.2 For a second order reaction :

= kx2

(x = concentration of reactant , t=time,k=rate constant)

a) Obtain a general relationship between x and t by integrating between the
concentration limits x0 and x and the corresponding time. Limits 0 and t
=

= kt

b) If the concentration changes from 1,00 to 0,500 in 10,0 minutes , evaluate the rate
constant k
-

= kt

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- = k (10)

= 10 k

10 k = 1
K = 0,1
c) Show that for a second order reaction , the half life (time required for half of a
sample to react) is inversely proportional to both k and x0
-

= kt

t = 1/kx0
10.3) A zero order reaction is one in which the rate is a constant , independent of
concentration of reactant.
a) Write the differential equation relating concentration (x) and time (t)

=k

b) Obtain the relationship between x and t ( take x=x0 , when t= 0)

x0 x = kt
c) Show that the half life of zero order reaction is directly proportio to x0
x0 -

=kt

t=

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Annisa Rayhanny Jannah

10.4) For the reversible reaction:

= k1x k2 (x0 x)

Where x0 = original concentration of A, x = concebtration of A at time t, k1 and k2

are rate conatants for the forward and reverse reactions respectively.
a) Integrate this equation from X=X0,t=0 to obtain the relationship between X and t
-

= dt

With a = k1 + k2 , b= -k2 x0 :
-

ln

Ln

=t

= (k1 + k2)t

b) Take x0 = 1,000, k1 = 0,100 min -1. Calculate X when t= 1,2,3 and 4 minutes
Log

Log (0,3 x 0,2) = - (1 + 0,13 t)

T

Log(0,3 x -1,13

-1,26

-1,39

-1,52

0,2 )
(0,3 x- 0,2)

0,0741

0,055

0,0407

0,0302

0,914

0,85

0,802

0,767

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10.5) For a certain surface reaction :

(x = concentration , t = time,k = rate constant)

Obtain a general expression relating X to t (take x = x0 when t=0)

-

= kdt

=kdt

= kt

10.6) The rate of change relating x to t (take x = x0 when t=0) given by the equation :
=

R = gas law constant

a) Obtain a general relationship between P and T , involving a constant of integration
ln P =

+C

b) Intregrate between the limits (P1,T1) and (P2,T2) to obtain equation,without a

constant of integration , relating find and initial temperature and pressures
ln

)=

10.7) The differential equation relating the fraction of moleculer ,f, having an energy
greater then or equal to E,to the absolute temperature

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a) Integrate this equation to obtain the relationship between f and T ( let u = Ea/RT). To
evaluate the constant of integration , note that f

df =

df = - e u du

f = e u + c
f = e Ea/RT +c
as T
1= 1 + c
C= 0
f = e Ea/RT

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